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Objetivo: Relacionar la prevalencia de maloclusiones funcionales con hábitos orales en niños con dentición mixta. Materiales y métodos: La muestra estuvo constituida por 61 pacientes que asistieron a la Facultad de Odontología de la UNNE entre los meses de abril y noviembre de 2018, seleccionados mediante un muestreo al Azar Sistemático. Se evaluó en ellos la presencia de maloclusiones funcionales como mordidas abiertas y cruzadas, líneas medias desviadas, apiñamiento dentario, resalte maxilar. Como hábitos orales se consideró la succión digital, interposición lingual y deglución atípica, interposición de labios y objetos, respiración bucal, onicofagia. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo empleando el software estadístico InfoStat Versión 2019 y para conocer la asociación entre las maloclusiones funcionales y los hábitos orales se emplearon pruebas de Chi cuadrado (nivel de signi- ficación de P ≤0,05). Resultados: Se observó la presencia de maloclusiones funcionales en un 64% de los niños, y se encontró que el api- ñamiento dentario fue el predominante con un 39%. La pre- valencia de hábitos orales fue de 66%, la interposición labial y de objetos fue la que se detectó con mayor frecuencia con un 39%. Se observó mayor presencia de mordida abierta en pacientes con hábitos parafuncionales como ser succión digi- tal e interposición lingual. La asociación entre maloclusiones funcionales y hábitos orales fue estadísticamente significativa (χ 2 = 6,17, P = 0.0130). Conclusión: Se identificó una alta prevalencia de malo- clusiones funcionales en niños con dentición mixta, asociadas a hábitos orales (AU)

Aim: To determine the association between prevalence of functional malocclusions and oral habits in children with mixed dentition. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 61 patients who attended the UNNE School of Dentistry from April to November 2018, selected through systematic random sampling. Presence of functional malocclusions such as open bite, crossbite, deviated midlines, dental crowding, and maxil- lary protrusion were evaluated. The oral habits of finger suck- ing, lingual interposition and atypical swallowing, interposi- tion of lips and objects, mouth breathing, and onychophagia were considered. A descriptive analysis was performed using the Statistical Software InfoStat Version 2019. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between function- al malocclusions and oral habits (significance level P ≤0.05). Results: Functional malocclusions were present in 64% of the children, with dental crowding being the most prevalent, in 39%. Prevalence of oral habits was found in 66%, with la- bial and object interposition having the highest frequency, in 39%. Open bite was more frequent in patients with parafunc- tional habits such as finger sucking and lingual interposition. The association between functional malocclusions and oral habits was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.17, P = 0.0130). Conclusion: High prevalence of functional malocclu- sions was identified in children with mixed dentition, associ- ated with oral habits (AU)

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Objetivo: Relacionar los hábitos parafuncionales y las características clínicas de la articulación temporomandibular. Métodos: Se evaluaron 125 pacientes de 18 a 50 años, se diagnosticó la presencia de ruido articular, características clínicas como restricción de la apertura bucal, irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre, dolor de músculos masticadores, dolor articular, facetas de desgastes y hábitos parafuncionales como bruxismo, masticación unilateral y mordedura de objetos. Resultados: El 34% de los pacientes presentaron ruido en la articulación temporomandibular. El bruxismo, presentó relación significativa con restricción de la apertura bucal (p=0,0013), irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre (p=0,0065), dolor muscular (p<0,001), faceta de desgaste (p=0,0048), y no se encontró relación con el dolor articular (p=0,0489). La masticación unilateral se relacionó significativamente con todas las características clínicas evaluadas, restricción de la apertura bucal (p=0,0040), irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre (p<0,001), dolor muscular (p=0,0015), dolor articular (p=0,003) y faceta de desgaste (p=0,0015). La mordedura de objetos no presentó relación con las características clínicas evaluadas. Conclusiones: Los ruidos a nivel de la articulación temporomandibular son frecuentes, siendo el chasquido el de mayor frecuencia. El bruxismo, presentó relación significativa con la restricción de la apertura bucal, la irregularidad en el movimiento de apertura y cierre, dolor muscular, faceta de desgaste, y no se encontró relación con el dolor articular. La masticación unilateral se relacionó significativamente con todas las características clínicas y la mordedura de objetos no presentó relación con las características clínicas de disfunción temporomandibular estudiadas. Palabras clave: Bruxismo; Síndrome de la disfunción de articulación temporomandibular; Sistema estomatognático.

Objective: Relate the parafunctional habits and the clinical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Methods: 125 patients aged 18 to 50 years were evaluated, the presence of joint noise was diagnosed, clinical characteristics such as restriction of the mouth opening, irregularity in the movement of opening and closing, pain of chewing muscles, joint pain, wear facets and parafunctional habits such as bruxism, unilateral chewing and biting of objects. Results: 34% of the patients presented noise in the temporomandibular joint. The bruxism, presented significant relationship with restriction of the mouth opening (p=0.0013), irregularity in the movement of opening and closing (p=0.0065), muscle pain (p<0.001), wear facets (p=0.0048), and no relationship was found with joint pain (p=0.0489). Unilateral mastication was significantly related to all clinical characteristics evaluated, mouth opening restriction (p=0.0040), irregularity in opening and closing movement (p<0.001), muscle pain (p=0.0015), joint pain (p=0.003), wear facets (p=0.0015). The bite of objects was not related to the clinical characteristics evaluated. Conclusions: Noises at the level of the temporomandibular joint are frequent, being the click the most frequent. The bruxism, presented significant relationship with the restriction of the oral opening, the irregularity in the movement of opening and closing, muscle pain, wear facets, and no relation was found with joint pain. The unilateral mastication was significantly related to all the clinical characteristics and the bite of objects was not related to the clinical characteristics of temporomandibular dysfunction studied. Keywords: Bruxism; Stomatognathic system; Temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome.

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An automatic flow-through dynamic extraction method is proposed for the first time for in vitro exploration, with high temporal resolution, of the transit of the chyme from the gastric to the duodenal compartment using the Versantvoort's fed-state physiologically relevant extraction test. The flow manifold was coupled on-line to an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP OES) for real-time elucidation of the bioaccessible elemental fraction of micronutrients (viz., Cu, Fe and Mn) in food commodities across the gastrointestinal tract. The simulated intestinal and bile biofluid (added to the gastric phase) was successively pumped at 1.0 mL min-1 through a large-bore column (maintained at 37.0 ±â€¯2.0 °C) initially loaded with a weighed amount of linseed (250 mg) using a PVDF filter membrane (5.0 µm pore size) for retaining of the solid sample and in-line filtration of the extracts. The lack of bias (trueness) of the on-line gastrointestinal extraction method coupled to ICP OES was confirmed using mass balance validation following microwave assisted digestion of the residual (non-bioaccessible) elemental fraction. Mass balance validation yielded absolute recoveries spanning from 79 to 121% for the overall analytes and samples. On-line dynamic extraction was critically appraised against batch counterparts for both gastric and gastrointestinal compartments. Due to the lack of consensus in the literature regarding the agitation method for batch oral bioaccessibility testing, several extraction approaches (viz., magnetic stirring, end-over-end rotation and orbital shaking) were evaluated. Improved gastric extractability of Fe along with bioaccessible data comparable to the dynamic counterpart based on the continuous displacement of the extraction equilibrium was obtained with batchwise magnetic stirring, which is deemed most appropriate for ascertaining worst-case/maximum bioaccessibility scenarios.

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In-vitro physiologically relevant gastrointestinal extraction based on the validated Unified BARGE Method (UBM) is in this work hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in a batch-flow configuration for real-time monitoring of oral bioaccessibility assays with high temporal resolution. A fully automated flow analyzer is designed to foster in-line filtration of gastrointestinal extracts at predefined times (≤15 min) followed by on-line multi-elemental analysis of bioaccessible micro-nutrients, viz., Cu, Fe and Mn, in well-defined volumes of extracts (300 µL) of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean seeds taken as model samples. The hyphenated flow setup allows for recording of temporal extraction profiles to gain full knowledge of the kinetics of the gastrointestinal digestion processes, including element leaching and concomitant precipitation and complexation reactions hindering bioavailability. Simplification of the overall standard procedure is also feasible by identification of steady-state extraction conditions. Our findings indicate that reliable measurement of oral bioaccessible pools of Cu, Fe and Mn in soybean might be obtained in less than 180 min rather than 240 min as endorsed by UBM. Using a matrix-matched external calibration, limits of detection according to the 3s criteria were 0.5 µg/g for Mn, 0.6 µg/g for Cu and 2.3 µg/g for Fe. Trueness of the automatic bioaccessibility method was confirmed by mass balance validation with recoveries ranging from 87 to 116% regardless of the target element and sample. Cu was the micronutrient with the highest oral bioaccessibility ranging from 73% to 83% (7.5-7.9 µg/g) for non-transgenic and transgenic soybeans, respectively, followed by Mn and Fe within the ranges of 29-31% (10.8-11.4 µg/g) and 11-15% (8-14 µg/g), respectively, regardless of transgenesis. The proposed kinetic method is proven suitable for fast and expedient estimation of the nutritional value of soybeans and elucidation of the potential effect of transgenesis onto bioaccessible fractions of elements.

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El diagnóstico de los trastornos temporomandibulares es un tema muy controvertido dentro del campo de la salud, desde una perspectiva psicológica son muy escasas las referencias en este sentido, sobretodo las enfocadas a analizar los niveles de ansiedad en estos pacientes. En los últimos años se han realizado diferentes investigaciones que validan la inclusión de factores psicológicos como parte de la etiología del diagnóstico, dentro de los factorespsíquicos más asociados se presentan la ansiedad como rasgo y la ansiedad como estado. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una revisión sobre la relación existente entre los niveles de ansiedad y los trastornos temporomandibulares.

The diagnosis of temporomandibulardisorders is very controversial within the fieldof health issue, from a psychological perspectiveare very few references in this regard,especially focused on analyzing anxiety levelsin these patients. In recent years there have beenvarious studies that validate the inclusionof psychological factors as part of the etiology,diagnosis, within the psychological factorsmost associated trait anxiety and state anxietyas presented. The purpose of this paper is topresent a review of the relationship betweenanxiety levels and temporomandibular disorders.

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