RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chitosan is a cheap, accessible, nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable compound. Also, this polysaccharide possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, a wide range of chitosan applications in the dentistry field has been explored. This work aimed to conduct a systematic review to address the clinical efficacy of chitosan for the treatment of oral mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The design of the included studies were observational studies, randomized clinical trials (RCT), and non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT), whereas, a series of cases, in vivo, and in vitro studies were excluded. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and ClinicalTrials. Gray literature was searched at Google Scholar. Relevant data from all included studies were recorded. The risk of bias (using RoB 2) and the quality (using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, GRADE) assessments were carried out. RESULTS: From the 8413 records screened, 5 clinical trials fully met the eligibility criteria, which comprised a total of 192 participants suffering oral lesions and pain related to oral mucositis. 100% of the included studies exhibited a high risk of bias. The quality of the studies was between low and very low. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the included studies suggest that chitosan can diminish pain and improve the healing of ulcers in oral mucositis. However, there is no conclusive evidence of chitosan as a superior treatment for oral mucositis compared with other current therapies.

Asunto(s)

Quitosano , Estomatitis , Humanos , Mucosa Bucal , Quitosano/uso terapéutico , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación , Dolor

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to describe oral lesions in a group of patients with COVID-19. We recruited 55 patients, 25 women (45.5%) and 30 men (54.5%), aged between 1 and 89 years with confirmed COVID-19 at different stages of severity. After obtaining informed consent, we examined their mouths and recorded clinical findings. Forty percent of the patients had at least 1 oral lesion. The most common lesions were candidiasis and ulcers (7 patients each); 2 patients had enanthems. Geographic tongue and caviar tongue were also observed. Altered taste, dry mouth, and painful/burning mouth were noted in 60%, 27.3%, and 36.4% of patients, respectively. Oral mucosal alterations and lesions were prevalent in this series of COVID-19 patients. Altered taste and a painful/burning mouth were common symptoms.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to describe oral lesions in a group of patients with COVID-19. We recruited 55 patients, 25 women (45.5%) and 30 men (54.5%), aged between 1 and 89 years with confirmed COVID-19 at different stages of severity. After obtaining informed consent, we examined their mouths and recorded clinical findings. Forty percent of the patients had at least 1 oral lesion. The most common lesions were candidiasis and ulcers (7 patients each); 2 patients had enanthems. Geographic tongue and caviar tongue were also observed. Altered taste, dry mouth, and painful/burning mouth were noted in 60%, 27.3%, and 36.4% of patients, respectively. Oral mucosal alterations and lesions were prevalent in this series of COVID-19 patients. Altered taste and a painful/burning mouth were common symptoms.

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El propósito de este trabajo fue caracterizar las alteraciones orales en un grupo de pacientes COVID-19. Para ello se evaluaron 55 pacientes hospitalizados, confirmados COVID-19 en distintos estadios de severidad. Previo consentimiento informado, se examinó la cavidad oral y se registraron los hallazgos clínicos. El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 25 mujeres (45,5%) y 30 hombres (54,5%), con edades comprendidas entre 1 y 89 años. Un 40% de los pacientes mostraron alguna lesión bucal. Las lesiones más comunes fueron candidiasis y ulceraciones (7 pacientes cada uno) y en dos pacientes se observó enantema. También se encontraron alteraciones de la normalidad como glositis migratoria y varicosidades linguales. Asimismo, se registraron alteraciones del gusto, xerostomía y dolor/ardor bucal en el 60%, 27,3% y 36,4% respectivamente. En los pacientes COVID-19 se observaron con frecuencia alteraciones y lesiones en la mucosa bucal. Finalmente, la disgeusia y el dolor y/o el ardor oral fueron síntomas comunes en estos pacientes.

RESUMEN

Invasive amoebiasis is a life-threatening infection requiring immediate detection and treatment. However, diagnosis is challenging because conventional methods such as light microscopy and serology are unreliable. Molecular techniques are therefore considered the new diagnostic reference standard, but most of the developed assays are research tools and not widely available. Recently commercial multiplex PCR panels have been introduced which permit the simultaneous detection of multiple enteric pathogens including Entamoeba histolytica in stool samples. Our report demonstrates for the first time that these new assays might also serve as a rapid tool to diagnose amoebic liver abscess in patients with cystic focal liver lesions.

RESUMEN

Spittlebugs from the genus Aeneolamia are important pests of sugarcane. Although the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizum anisopliae s.l. for control of this pest is becoming more common in Mexico, fundamental information regarding M. anisopliae in sugarcane plantations is practically non-existent. Using phylogenetic analysis, we determined the specific diversity of Metarhizium spp. infecting adult spittlebugs in sugarcane plantations from four Mexican states. We obtained 29 isolates of M. anisopliae s.str. Haplotype network analysis revealed the existence of eight haplotypes. Eight selected isolates, representing the four Mexican states, were grown at different temperatures in vitro; isolates from Oaxaca achieved the greatest growth followed by isolates from Veracruz, San Luis Potosi and Tabasco. No relationship was found between in vitro growth and haplotype diversity. Our results represent a significant contribution to the better understanding of the ecology of Metarhizum spp. in the sugarcane agroecosystem.

Asunto(s)

Hemípteros/microbiología , Metarhizium/clasificación , Control Biológico de Vectores , Filogenia , Saccharum , Animales , Metarhizium/patogenicidad , México

RESUMEN

Ecological immunology assumes that the host immune efficiency is correlated with its survival after pathogen challenge. To test this hypothesis, we challenged Phyllophaga polyphylla (Bates) larvae with the naturally occurring fungus Metarhizium pingshaense on two consecutive years (2011 and 2012). In each year, we injected the blastospores of M. pingshaense and then used levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), phenoloxidase (PO) and total haemolymph serum protein as indicators of immune efficiency. Larvae were injected with (1) phosphate buffered saline (PBS) + Tween and viable blastospores of M. pingshaense, (2) PBS + Tween and non-viable blastospores of M. pingshaense, (3) PBS + Tween, or (4) non-manipulated. Overall, levels of PO, proPO and total haemolymph serum protein in larvae after 12 h were similar amongst treatments within each year of collection. However, larvae collected in 2011 showed higher PO and proPO activity but lower total haemolymph serum protein compared with larvae collected in 2012. A survival study injecting viable blastospores showed that larvae collected in both years died within 48 h; however, when non-viable blastospores were injected, which were still toxic to larvae, mortality was greater in larvae collected in 2011 compared with larvae collected in 2012. Altogether, these results indicate that PO, proPO and total haemolymph serum protein do not predict immune strength of P. polyphylla against blastospores of M. pingshaense, but higher values of PO and proPO were correlated with higher survival rates against non-infective but toxic agents. The possible role of some abiotic factors over the differences observed for immune components of P. polyphylla in different years of collection is discussed.

Asunto(s)

Escarabajos/inmunología , Metarhizium/patogenicidad , Animales , Escarabajos/microbiología , Hemolinfa/inmunología , Proteínas de Insectos/análisis , Larva/inmunología , Larva/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo

RESUMEN

The effect of order of inoculation of Pandora blunckii and Zoophthora radicans co-infecting Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) was investigated. After co-inoculation, the proportion of larvae infected by either species was greatly reduced compared to when they were inoculated singly. The order of inoculation influenced the final outcome; the isolate inoculated last always killed more larvae than the isolate inoculated first.

Asunto(s)

Entomophthorales , Lepidópteros , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos , Animales

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The behavior of animals is modified by captivity. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a program designed to enhance the welfare of confined animals by providing them with a more stimulating background. This is carried out by the implementation of a series of activities that encourages them to present behaviors typical of their species, as well as keeps them active. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of the EE in the behavioral variables in a colony of 24 stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides). Our hypothesis is that the application of this program will reduce aggression, stereotypes and coprophilia behaviors and, at the same time, will increase exploration and solitary play. METHODS: The behavioral frequency previous to EE was compared with that during EE implementation. RESULTS: Our results showed that aggression, coprophilia stereotypic behaviors and social play were significantly reduced during EE, whereas exploration was significantly enhanced. The response of the individuals according to gender was similar for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Environmental enrichment programs are indispensable for captive animals' wellbeing as they reduce aggression and stress while providing animals both physical and cognitive entertainment.

Asunto(s)

Conducta Animal/fisiología , Ambiente , Macaca/psicología , Animales , Conducta Exploratoria , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Macaca/fisiología , Masculino , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Conducta Social

RESUMEN

A series of 2-deoxy-D-glucose resistant mutants was obtained from wild type Beauveria bassiana 88 (Bb 88) by UV irradiation. Five mutants were characterized on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Chitin Agar for both radial extension rate (V(r)) and specific growth rate (micro). These values were obtained after adjusting morphometric data to a mathematical model used for filamentous fungi. Additionally, the protease and lipase potency index, conidial size, viability, and production levels were analyzed. The highest values for those physiological measurements were obtained by mutant 882.5 which, relative to Bb 88, showed a 30% reduction in half-life (LT(50)) on Sphenarium purpurascens, 70% on Acheta domesticus, and 71% on Tenebrio molitor larvae and adults. The half lethal concentration (LC(50)) on T. molitor larvae was 2.8 x 10(5)conidia/mL (con/mL) and 1.5 x 10(6)con/mL, respectively, for mutant 882.5 and Bb 88. This demonstrates that mutant 882.5 is more virulent, with up to an 80% reduction in LC(50). This work provides a convenient method for improving strains to be used in biocontrol as a suitable alternative to transgenic constructs.

Asunto(s)

Beauveria/patogenicidad , Desoxiglucosa/farmacología , Animales , Beauveria/efectos de los fármacos , Beauveria/genética , Escarabajos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Escarabajos/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Saltamontes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saltamontes/microbiología , Gryllidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Gryllidae/microbiología , Larva/microbiología , Mutación , Control Biológico de Vectores

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to correlate the socio structural variables of the Simplified Index of Family Poverty with the self-perception of resources that conform social capital among patients with acute respiratory disease (ARD). We used a qualitative and quantitative methodology. The sample included 848 cases distributed in seven Rural Medicine Units of Mexico. We considered three pathways described by Kawachi where social capital might have an impact on individual health. The bivariate correlation and discriminant analysis showed that when there is evidence of poverty in the family, the statistically significant differences are mainly observed in self-perception. Moral support of sons and daughters is thereby increased when there is an ARD. We concluded that when there is a higher index of family poverty there is a decreased access to social resources when a family member is diagnosed with an ARD.

Asunto(s)

Pobreza , Trastornos Respiratorios , Autoimagen , Apoyo Social , Enfermedad Aguda , Estudios Transversales , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Respiratorios/epidemiología , Trastornos Respiratorios/psicología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

We consider a nematic liquid crystal constrained by two coaxial cylinders under the action of low-frequency axial or radial electric fields. Assuming an initially hybrid configuration, we find the equilibrium texture of the nematic subjected to weak anchoring boundary conditions on both cylindrical surfaces. We analyze the distinct textures of the nematic as a function of the strength of the interaction of the nematic with the sidewalls, the radii ratio of the cylinders, and the applied electric field. Also, for each radii ratio and strength of the nematic-surface interaction, we determine the critical field for which a complete alignment of the nematic liquid crystal occurs.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Inattention is undoubtedly one of the main characteristics of Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nevertheless, a growing corpus of evidence shows that not all attentional processes are affected in this condition. This study aimed to explore the distribution of attentional resources in children with ADHD via a spatially shifted double-oddball visual task. METHODS: We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) for all visual stimuli. Subjects were instructed to allocate attention in a specific area of visual space while ignoring all stimuli presented outside. Ten male children (age: 9-14; mean = 11.6 +/- 2.1) who met DSM-IV criteria for the ADHD combined subtype participated in the study, along with ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls (9-14; mean = 11.2 +/- 2.3). RESULTS: ADHD subjects showed late differential cortical responses to initially suppressed irrelevant stimuli. The amplitude of early N1-P1 components were mainly modulated by stimulus location and showed no significant differences between groups, but a late P300-like positivity was clearly evoked in the ADHD group by peripheral stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ADHD may not compromise the early attentional spatial filter but rather entails a different distribution of attentional resources at later stages of cortical processing. Perhaps these differences may be attributable to individual differences in attentional mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE: ADHD may not affect initial focusing of visual attention but rather the allocation of processing resources in later stages.

Asunto(s)

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Atención/fisiología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Percepción Espacial/fisiología , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Adolescente , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/psicología , Mapeo Encefálico , Niño , Señales (Psicología) , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Potenciales Evocados/fisiología , Fijación Ocular , Humanos , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Estimulación Luminosa , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To recognise factors in the host that might condition the appearance of the bacterial vaginosis (BV) syndrome, whether gynae-obstetrical factors, habits of sexual conduct, hygiene, or other factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. SETTING: The study was conducted from January 2002 to June 2003 in the Primary Care Dr. Jose Castro Villagrana Community Health Centre at Tlalpan, Mexico City. PARTICIPANTS: 968 patients with an active sexual life who had not taken antibiotics for at least 15 days before the study and who were not menstruating at the moment of taking a swab, 859 of whom had a diagnosis of cervico-vaginitis and 109 had no symptoms. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Confidential questionnaire and a cervical-vaginal culture. The Amsel criteria were used to make the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS: There was 32.9% prevalence of BV. There was a statistically significant association with factors such as age, start of active sexual life, the number of sexual relations per week, the number of sexual partners, and pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial vaginosis is the main cause of infectious processes in the vagina. Its appearance appears to be linked to factors involving sexual transmission. Interventions to reduce its prevalence and complications are recommended.

Asunto(s)

Vaginosis Bacteriana/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Sexual , Frotis Vaginal , Vaginosis Bacteriana/diagnóstico , Vaginosis Bacteriana/microbiología

RESUMEN

The objective of this study was to verify using immunoglobulin dosimetry for IgA, IgG, IgM the possible alterations on the immune system of rats submitted to the non ionizing radiation used by cellular telephony...

Asunto(s)

Formación de Anticuerpos , Inmunoglobulinas , Radiación no Ionizante , Ratas

RESUMEN

Opportunistic infections, which affect acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) patients, are frequently disseminated and may cause bloodstream infections (BSI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the main causes of BSI in Aids patients with advanced stage of the disease, with special emphasis on the identification of fungemia. During a 21 months period, all patients with Aids (CD4 < 200) and febrile syndrome admitted to 3 university hospitals were systematically evaluated. For each patient presenting fever, a pair of blood cultures was collected and processed by using a commercial lysis-centrifugation system. One hundred and eleven patients (75 males) with a mean age of 36 years (median 33 years) and mean CD4 count of 64 cells/ml were included. Among the 111 patients evaluated we documented 54 episodes of BSI, including 46 patients with truly systemic infections and 8 episodes considered as contaminants. BSI were caused by gram-positive bacteria (43%), fungi (20%), gram-negative bacteria (15%), mycobacteria (15%), and mixed flora (7%). The crude mortality rate of our patients was 39%, being 50% for patients with BSI and 31% for the others. In conclusion, BSI are a common related to systemic infections on Aids patients with advanced stage of disease and is associated with a high rate of mortality.

Asunto(s)

Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/microbiología , Bacteriemia/microbiología , Fungemia/microbiología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Anciano , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Bacterias Gramnegativas/clasificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/clasificación , Humanos , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

Asunto(s)

Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Aspergilosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aspergilosis/microbiología , Absceso Encefálico/tratamiento farmacológico , Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes , Péptidos Cíclicos , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Anfotericina B , Aspergilosis/diagnóstico , Absceso Encefálico/diagnóstico , Caspofungina , Terapia Combinada , Contraindicaciones , Craneotomía/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas , Equinocandinas , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lipopéptidos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento

RESUMEN

Opportunistic infections, which affect acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) patients, are frequently disseminated and may cause bloodstream infections (BSI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the main causes of BSI in Aids patients with advanced stage of the disease, with special emphasis on the identification of fungemia. During a 21 months period, all patients with Aids (CD4 < 200) and febrile syndrome admitted to 3 university hospitals were systematically evaluated. For each patient presenting fever, a pair of blood cultures was collected and processed by using a commercial lysis-centrifugation system. One hundred and eleven patients (75 males) with a mean age of 36 years (median 33 years) and mean CD4 count of 64 cells/ml were included. Among the 111 patients evaluated we documented 54 episodes of BSI, including 46 patients with truly systemic infections and 8 episodes considered as contaminants. BSI were caused by gram-positive bacteria (43 percent), fungi (20 percent), gram-negative bacteria (15 percent), mycobacteria (15 percent), and mixed flora (7 percent). The crude mortality rate of our patients was 39 percent, being 50 percent for patients with BSI and 31 percent for the others. In conclusion, BSI are a common related to systemic infections on Aids patients with advanced stage of disease and is associated with a high rate of mortality

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA , Bacteriemia , Fungemia , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Bacterias Grampositivas , Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA , Bacteriemia , Estudios Transversales , Fungemia , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Bacterias Grampositivas , Prevalencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Diclofenaco/farmacología , Dimensión del Dolor/efectos de los fármacos , Canales de Potasio/agonistas , 4-Aminopiridina/farmacología , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Formaldehído , Gliburida/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Canales KATP , Canales de Potasio de Rectificación Interna , Ratas , Ratas Wistar

RESUMEN

El objetivo del presente proyecto consiste en la automatizacion del proceso de diseño para la instalacion de Cielo raso suspendido haciendo uso de la linea de productos Cieloflex que tiene industrias Electromecanicas FEMCO S.R.L. generando modelos graficos de acuerdo a los requerimientos del cliente. A partir del model grafico se obtiene las lista de materiales con sus correspondientes cantidades y precios unitarios para obtener el precio total de la instalacion que se pretende realizar. Sera utilizado por el departamento de ventas de la empresa, para promover un mejor y rapido servicio a los clientes de FEMCO al adquirir los productos de la linea CIELOFLEX de cielo raso suspendido...

Asunto(s)

Materiales de Construcción

RESUMEN

The objective of this work was to determine, trough bioassays, the most virulent strains of Hirsutella to be used as a control alternative in a pest intregrated wield program are those which are most pathogenic to CL50 just as H. nodulosa (HnC83) with 5 x 10(5) conidia/ml, and H. thompsonii (HtMOR and HtM5) with 1 x 10(6) and 1.1 x 10(6) conidia/ml respectively. The strain we recommend to attack Tetranychus urticae is H. thompsonii HtMOR. Although it did not seem to be the most aggressive to CL50, it was the strain that required the lowest concentration (0.0014%/1.5 x 10(10)) to kill 95% of the population evaluated. At the same time, the strain that we considered as having a lower virulence was HtM2 (4 x 10(6) c/ml) and the lowest virulence was detected both in HtC59 and HtC77 (1 x 10(10) c/ml).

Asunto(s)

Bioensayo , Hongos/patogenicidad , Ácaros/microbiología , Animales , Frutas/microbiología