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RESUMEN Objetivo. Estimar los costos incurridos en el control del Aedes aegypti en la región Loreto, en los años 2017 y 2018. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una evaluación económica retrospectiva parcial de los costos del control del Aedes aegypti de la Dirección Regional de Salud Loreto, durante la ejecución del Plan Regional de Vigilancia y Control de Aedes aegypti. Se revisó documentación como planes, informes de intervenciones y planillas de pago y se realizaron entrevistas al personal profesional implicado en el control vectorial, sobre los costos de las intervenciones de control. Resultados. Se halló, que los costos incurridos en el control del vector del dengue en la Región Loreto en los dos años estudiados ascienden a: 3,807,858 PEN y 4,066,380 PEN durante el 2017 y 2018, respectivamente (1´175,264 USD y 1´1210,232 USD al tipo de cambio del 2017 y 2018). Sin embargo, el efecto de las actividades de control es de corta duración. Conclusiones. El alto costo que implica el control vectorial con los métodos usados actualmente y la corta duración de su efecto lo hace insostenible. Se deben realizar estudios para hallar otros métodos más eficientes para el control del dengue.
ABSTRACT Objective. To estimate the costs incurred in the control of Aedes aegypti in the Loreto region, during the years 2017 and 2018. Materials and methods. We conducted a partial retrospective economic evaluation of the costs of Aedes aegypti control of the Regional Health Directorate Loreto, during the implementation of the Regional Plan for Surveillance and Control of Aedes aegypti. Documentation such as plans, intervention reports and payment slips were reviewed, and interviews were conducted with professional personnel involved in vector control, on the costs of control interventions. Results. We found that the costs incurred in dengue vector control in the Loreto Region in the two years were: PEN 3,807,858 and PEN 4,066,380 during 2017 and 2018, respectively (USD 1,175,264 and USD 1,1210,232 at the 2017 and 2018 exchange rate). However, the effect of control activities is short-lived. Conclusions. The high cost involved in vector control with the methods currently used and the short duration of its effect make it unsustainable. Studies should be conducted in order to find other more efficient methods for dengue control.
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Costos y Análisis de Costo , Control de Vectores de las EnfermedadesRESUMEN
AIM: Vertical marginal discrepancy (VMD) influences the success of implant-supported restorations. However, there is little literature that has investigated the influence of geometry and cementing agent on changes in VMD of metal copings on implant abutments. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the geometry of the abutment and cementing agents on VMD. METHODS: Cast copings were cemented on implant abutments customized cylindrical (4, 5.5, and 7 mm) and on hexagonal implant abutments (4 mm) cemented or uncemented molded copings were placed (n = 4, totally 64 samples) with different luting agents. The VMD of the copings were measured in the coping-abutment interface at three reference points using a stereomicroscope. The independent Student's t test was used for comparison between the two different abutment walls. The post hoc statistical analysis was performed by the Tukey test. RESULTS: There was a significant VMD increase between noncemented and cemented cast copings using different luting agents. Abutment geometry and luting agents significantly influenced the VMD (p ≤ 0.05). Cylindrical abutment at 7 mm in height cemented with different luting agent tested showed significantly higher VMD values than cylindrical abutments of 4 mm (p=0.019). Hexagonal abutments with a 4 mm height showed significantly higher VMD values than cylindrical 4 mm abutments using zinc oxide noneugenol and glass ionomer cements (p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: Abutment geometry and luting agents influence the VMD of cast copings cemented on implant abutment. The higher the cylindrical abutment, the greater the VMD, and hexagonal wall abutments promote greater marginal gap.
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The purpose of this case report was to describe a technique to modify the free gingival graft by perforations within the graft to guarantee a horizontal increase in the keratinized mucosa in the anteroinferior sector of a total edentulous mandible after osseointegration of previously placed dental implants in a hybrid prosthesis protocol. A 71-year-old male underwent free modified gingival graft surgery with perforations at the level of each implant. At 3 months, the mucosa appeared to be healthy and keratinized, especially at a horizontal level around the implants previously diagnosed with mucositis, providing the patient with satisfactory results. Finally, the hybrid prosthesis was cleaned and polished due to the presentation of a hard plate at the level of the abutments. Within the limitations of this case report, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of this modification to the free gingival graft.
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RESUMEN Introducción : La radiografía posteroanterior (PA) de tórax es utilizada rutinariamente como examen complementario en la evaluación de trabajadores. Sin embargo, existe la controversia sobre su indicación y utilidad en todos los trabajadores. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir los factores asociados a hallazgos anormales en radiografías digitales de tórax en trabajadores sin síntomas respiratorios. Materiales y métodos : Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal analítico, utilizando registros de placas radiografías digitales de tórax PA de 24 069 trabajadores asintomáticos respiratorios, evaluados en un establecimiento de salud acreditado para la realización de exámenes médicos ocupacionales en el Perú, entre los años 2016 - 2019. Resultados : De los 24 069 trabajadores asintomáticos, 1166 (4,84 % IC 95 % [4,58 - 5,12]) presentaron radiografía anormal. Los principales hallazgos se encontraron en el parénquima pulmonar y de estas, las imágenes secuelares de tuberculosis fueron las más frecuentes. Se observó que los trabajadores mayores de 50 años (RP(a) = 6,34 IC 95 % [1,68 - 2,01]), los que presentaron bajo peso (RP(a) = 2,71 IC 95 % [1,88 - 3,91]) y los que tuvieron antecedentes patológicos pulmonares (RP(a) = 6,19 IC 95 % [5,54 - 6,91]) presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar anormalidades en la radiografía pulmonar. Conclusiones : Debido a la baja frecuencia de radiografías digitales anormales de tórax, creemos que no resulta de utilidad como detección precoz de patología respiratoria en la población estudiada y que debería considerarse en trabajadores mayores de 50 años, con antecedente de enfermedad respiratoria y/o con bajo peso. Es importante realizar mayor cantidad de estudios que confirmen nuestros resultados.
ABSTRACT Introduction : Posteroanterior Chest X-Ray (CXR) is usually performed as a routine exam for workers' health surveillance, but their benefits are discussed and controversial. Our investigation described the associated factors with abnormal digital CXR in workers without respiratory symptoms. Materials and methods : An analytical cross-sectional observational study was performed, including 24 069 digital CXR obtained from workers without respiratory symptoms who performed their workers' health surveillance at an accredited occupational health center in Lima, Perú, from 2016 to 2019. Results : Of the 24 069 asymptomatic workers, 1166 (4.84 %, 95 % CI [4.58-5.12]) had abnormal radiography. The main findings were found in the lung parenchyma and of these, sequential images of tuberculosis were the most frequent. It was observed that workers older than 50 years (RP(a) = 6.34, 95 % CI [1.68 - 2.01]), those with low weight (RP(a) = 2.71 95 % CI [1.88 - 3.91]) and those with a history of pulmonary pathology (RP(a) = 6.19 95 % CI [5.54 - 6.91]) were more likely to have abnormalities on pulmonary radiography. Conclusions : Due to the low frequency of abnormal digital Chest X-Ray (CXR), it is not useful as an early detection of respiratory pathology in the population studied, however it should be considered in those over 50 years with a history of respiratory disease and/or low weight. It is important to carry out more studies that confirm our results.
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Currently, dental implants are a very frequent therapeutic alternative for replacing missing teeth. However, they are not exempt from developing complications of infectious origin. Therefore, this case report describes a 67-year-old female patient presenting infectious complications caused by suture rupture. Surgery combined with therapeutic management with antibiotics was performed, allowing preservation of the osseointegration of the implants in the lower arch. Within the limitations of this study, it was shown that more research is needed to determine the success and survival of implants presenting complications due to infections during the osseointegration process.
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La toxina botulínica se ha aplicado en la reparación de defectos ventrales, pero la literatura sobre su aplicación en hernias inguinoescrotales es escasa. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con hernia inguinoescrotal gigante. Se realiza tomografía computada basal y otra a las 4 semanas de la administración de toxina botulínica en la musculatura oblicua y en el recto abdominal (reducción de grosor e incremento de longitud de la musculatura). Se repara la pared abdominal mediante la colocación de una malla tipo BioA intraperitoneal y otra tipo DynaMesh® retromuscular. La toxina puede tener un papel importante como adyuvante en la reparación de hernias inguinoescrotales con pérdida de domicilio.Botulinum toxin has been used in ventral defects repair, but literature on its application in inguinoscrotal hernias is scarce. Patient with giant inguinoscrotal hernia. A baseline CT scan is performed and it is repeated four weeks after botulinum toxin injection in oblique musculature and in the abdominal rectum (reduction in thickness and increase in muscle length is observed). The abdominal wall is repaired by placing an intraperitoneal BioA mesh and a retromuscular DynaMesh® mesh. The toxin can have an important role as an adjuvant in the reparation of inguinoscrotal hernias with loss of domain.
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Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A , Hernia Inguinal , Hernia Inguinal/cirugía , Humanos , RectoRESUMEN
AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MD (marginal discrepancy) on the calcinable copings in abutments for cemented prostheses with three luting agents. METHODS: Sixty-four analogs of CeraOne-type abutments (NACONIH code, Titanium Fix Implant Sytem SP, Brazil) were divided into four groups (n = 16). The copings were cast and placed on the CeraOne abutment analogs and cemented with eugenol-free zinc oxide (EfZO) (n = 16), with glass ionomer (GI) (n = 16), and with zinc phosphate (ZP) (n = 16), and as a control group, there were CeraOne plastic copings (NACOC code, Titanium Fix Implant Sytem SP, Brazil) (n = 16) which were not cemented with any material. After 24 hours, the MD of the four groups was measured. MD was evaluated using a stereoscopic microscope (Leica EZ4 W, Leica Microsystems, Germany) with an increase of ×100. MD was measured at four predetermined and equidistant sites with respect to the marginal line of the cast adaptation. The measurement was made from the distance between the free edge of the cast cylinder and the margin of preparation of the titanium abutment, with a level of statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the three fixing agents, the ZP was found to have the highest MD (53.59 ± 14.21 µm); however, the lowest MD (41.72 ± 9.10 µm) was found in the GI group. These differences are statistically significant at p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, according to our results, it was found that ZP cement showed the highest MD after cementation, followed by the glass ionomer, while EfZO showed the lowest MD.
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BACKGROUND: Military life leads to a great personal sacrifice and labor in the aircrew because they are constantly subjected to innumerable activities which have a great work pressure; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the level of work stress associated with bruxism in the aircrew of the Peruvian Air Force. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 204 crew members of the Peruvian Air Force from the Air Group were surveyed, and the stomatological clinical inspection was carried out. Each crew member was evaluated using the validated International Labor Organization-World Health Organization (ILO-WHO) Work Stress Scale, and clinical records were used to diagnose bruxism using the Smith and Knight wear index. RESULTS: It was found that 93.7% (n = 191) of the crew members were men and 6.3% (n = 13) were women; and the percentage of intermediate-level stress was found to be high in the grade of non-commissioned officers, whereas in the officer grade, the level of stress was low. There was also a statistically significant association between the variables military grade, sex, and age group. The sub-officers presented a higher percentage in the category "with bruxism", while in the rank of officers the category of "non-bruxism" was the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a statistically significant association between the variable bruxism and the level of work stress between the military aviators of the Peruvian Air Force (p<0.001).
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AIM: The antimicrobial activity of Passiflora mollissima is largely due to its aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, terpenes, alkaloids, ketones, esters, alcohols, and lactones. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the compounds in the Passiflora mollissima (Tumbo) fruit and leaves included also on cultured strains of the microorganisms Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis and Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by the disk diffusion method and evaluated in terms of their zones of inhibition. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was determined in a bioassay involving sea urchin eggs (Tetrapygusniger) in which the inhibition percentage of artificially fertilized ovules was equivalent to their cytotoxic activity after 26 hours. RESULTS: This study demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic Passiflora mollissima extract against the cultured strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus sanguinis with zones of inhibition after the incubation period. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of activity against the pathogenic Candida albicans, which demonstrates a null antifungal capacity of the evaluated extracts. However, cytotoxic activity was found, and the compounds led to the complete inhibition of 100% of sea urchin ovules after 26 hours of exposure. CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The results of the study serve as a guide. in the industrial use of this natural resource "tumbo" due to the discovery of a potential medicine based on this plant that would be a great development in the field of antimicrobial therapies.
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Antifúngicos , Passiflora , Antibacterianos , Perú , Extractos VegetalesRESUMEN
AIM: To determine the epidemiological profile of oral diseases in a marginal urban Peruvian population. METHODS: A 9-year retrospective study was conducted, analysing 18,639 clinical records from the María Auxiliadora Hospital between 2006 and 2015 with diagnoses of oral lesions using ICD-10 criteria. Clinical records were analysed for sex, tumour, periapical abscess and sinus, cysts of the oral region, other lesions of the oral mucosa and cavity, gingivitis and periodontal disease, dentofacial anomalies, diseases of pulp, etc. RESULTS: Of 18,639 cases, the prevalence was higher in women for the following pathologies: unspecified dental caries (30.6%); impacted tooth in the category of disorders of tooth development and eruption (2.0%); pulpitis (6.8%) in the category of diseases of pulp and periapical tissues; temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (1.5%) in the category of dentofacial anomalies; acute gingivitis (7.5%); radicular cyst (0.3%) in the category of cysts of the oral region; and periapical abscess without sinus (2.0%). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between sex and different types of dental caries, disturbances in tooth eruption, diseases of pulp and periapical tissues, and dentofacial anomalies. The study also shows a statistically significant association between sex and gingivitis, periodontal disease, and periodontal abscess and sinus.
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Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Boca/patología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades de la Boca/clasificación , Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Perú/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Humeral midshaft fractures should be surgically managed, so the knowledge of functionality, bone healing and pain of these treatments is required to obtain the expected results. The aim of this paper is to compare the results of patients with humeral midshaft fracture operated with intramedullary nails UHN vs. DCP plate. METHODS: Comparative study, conducted during the period of June 2014 to June 2015, in patients with humeral midshaft fracture, incidents, operated with intramedullary nails UHN vs. DCP plate. Pain, functional and radiographic assessment were conducted by Andersen, UCLA and simple X ray test, respectively. RESULTS: There were 40 patients, 57.5% with DCP plate, 67.5% male, mean age was 42.38 years, mean operative time was 73.3 minutes, side affected 50% right, 87% had complete consolidation with DCP plate against 70.6% of the patients treated with intramedullary nails UHN. Radiographic consolidation was good for both treatments, functionality and pain patients had presented no statistically significant differences in both groups (p ≥ 0.05). Complications are in the range described worldwide for both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments are effective for humeral diaphyseal lesions, however should be cautious and try to avoid the complications that can be serious is recommended.
Introducción: las fracturas diafisiarias de húmero deben de ser manejadas quirúrgicamente, por lo que se requiere el conocimiento de la funcionalidad, consolidación ósea y dolor de estos tratamientos para poder obtener los resultados esperados. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la evolución de los pacientes con fractura diafisiaria de húmero operados con clavo centro medular UHN frente a aquellos operados con placa DCP. Métodos: estudio comparativo, realizado durante el periodo de junio 2014 a junio 2015, en pacientes con fractura diafisiaria de húmero, incidentes, operados con clavo UHN y placa DCP. La evaluación funcional, del dolor y la radiográfica se llevaron a cabo por las escalas UCLA, Andersen y por personal del departamento de radiodiagnóstico, respectivamente. Resultados: se seleccionaron 40 pacientes, 57.5% con placa DCP, 67.5% hombres, promedio de edad 42.38 años, tiempo quirúrgico promedio 73.3 minutos, lado afectado 50% derecho, 87% tuvieron consolidación completa con placa DCP contra 70.6% de los manejados con clavo centro medular UHN. La consolidación radiográfica fue buena para ambos tratamientos, la funcionalidad de los pacientes y el dolor presentado no tuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas para ambos grupos (p > 0.05). Las complicaciones están en el rango descrito a nivel mundial para ambos tratamientos. Conclusiones: ambos tratamientos son eficaces para las lesiones diafisiarias del húmero, sin embargo se debe de tener precaución y tratar de evitar las complicaciones que pueden llegar a ser graves.
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Clavos Ortopédicos , Placas Óseas , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fracturas del Húmero/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Land degradation is a serious problem in tropical mountainous areas. Market prices, technological development, and population growth are often invoked as the prime causes. Using historical agrarian documents, literature sources, and historical population data, we (1) provide quantitative and qualitative evidence that the land degradation present at Sierra de Santa Marta (Los Tuxtlas, Mexico) has involved a historical reduction in the temporal, spatial, and diversity scales, in which individual farmers make management decisions, and has resulted in decreased maize productivity; and (2) analyze how these three scalar changes can be linked to policy, population growth, and agrarian history. We conclude that the historical reduction in the scales of land use decision-making and practices constitutes a present threat to indigenous agricultural heritage. The long-term viability of agriculture requires that initiatives consider incentives for co-responsibility with an initial focus on self-sufficiency.
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Agricultura/historia , Agricultura/métodos , Toma de Decisiones , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , México , Zea mays/historiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and immunologic characteristics of a large series of patients with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAD) associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: The HISPAMEC Registry is a multicenter international study group dedicated to collecting data on patients diagnosed with SAD with serological evidence of chronic HCV infection. The information sources are cases reported by physicians of the HISPAMEC Study Group and periodic surveillance of reported cases by a Medline search updated up to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: One thousand twenty HCV patients with SAD were included in the registry. Patients were reported from Southern Europe (60%), North America (15%), Asia (14%), Northern Europe (9%), South America (1%), and Australia (1%). Countries reporting the most cases were Spain (236 cases), France (222 cases), Italy (144 cases), USA (120 cases), and Japan (95 cases). The most frequently reported SAD were Sjögren's syndrome (SS; 483 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 150 cases), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 129 cases), polyarteritis nodosa (78 cases), antiphospholipid syndrome (59 cases), inflammatory myopathies (39 cases), and sarcoidosis (28 cases). Twenty patients had 2 or more SAD. Epidemiological data were available in 677 cases. Four hundred eighty-seven (72%) patients were female and 186 (28%) male, with a mean age of 49.5 +/- 1.0 years at SAD diagnosis and 50.5 +/- 1.1 years at diagnosis of HCV infection. The main immunologic features were antinuclear antibody (ANA) in 61% of patients, rheumatoid factor (RF) in 57%, hypocomplementemia in 52%, and cryoglobulins in 52%. The main differential aspect between primary and HCV-related SAD was the predominance of cryoglobulinemic-related markers (cryoglobulins, RF, hypocomplementemia) over specific SAD-related markers (anti-ENA antibodies, anti-dsDNA, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide) in patients with HCV. CONCLUSION: In the selected cohort, the SAD most commonly reported in association with chronic HCV infection were SS (nearly half the cases), RA and SLE. Nearly two thirds of SAD-HCV cases were reported from the Mediterranean area. In these patients, ANA, RF and cryoglobulins are the predominant immunological features.
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Enfermedades Autoinmunes/complicaciones , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Hepatitis C Crónica/inmunología , Sistema de Registros , Anticuerpos Antinucleares/sangre , Artritis Reumatoide/complicaciones , Artritis Reumatoide/epidemiología , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Asia/epidemiología , Australia/epidemiología , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Crioglobulinas/metabolismo , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Hepatitis C Crónica/epidemiología , Humanos , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/epidemiología , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , América del Norte/epidemiología , Poliarteritis Nudosa/complicaciones , Poliarteritis Nudosa/epidemiología , Poliarteritis Nudosa/inmunología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factor Reumatoide/sangre , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sjögren/epidemiología , Síndrome de Sjögren/inmunología , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
El propósito del estudio es comparar prospectivamente la eficacia de la infiltración con sangre autóloga y la corticoesteroides en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia angiofibroblástia. Treinta pacientes recibieron infiltración con sangre autóloga y veintiséis con corticoesteroides. Se evaloraron previo y a las ocho semanas del tratamiento mediante Escala de fase de dolor modificada de Nirschl y Pettrone y escala visual análoga. Con la infiltración con sangre se obtuvo un 0,87 de efectividad contra un 0,62 de los corticoesteroides (p= 0,0303). La infiltración de sangre parece ser más eficaz en el tratamiento de la hiperplasia angiofibroblástica.
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Humanos , Codo de Tenista/tratamiento farmacológico , Codo/patología , Hiperplasia/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia/patología , Infiltración-Percolación/métodos , TraumatologíaRESUMEN
By international agreement (Austria-Venezuela) a tower crane was installed near Surumoni river, Upper Orinoco, for canopy research in a tropical rain forest. From the 1.5 ha crane-accessible area of the forest, an experimental plot was selected for assessment of the canopy plants' aerial substrates and to determine their relationship with spatial distribution, presence or absence of vascular plants, and some of the strategies used in their ecological space. In the middle and lower canopy strata myrmecophytic associations appear, where the conformation of the aerial substrates determines the establishment and maintenance of these associations. The high content of nutrients of these aerial substrata represents a reservoir for the forest, where the mirmecophytic activity is determining. A higher fertility of aerial substrates of the ants gardens can be related to a higher number of vascular epiphytes present in these gardens.
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Hormigas , Árboles , Clima Tropical , Animales , Austria , Dinámica Poblacional , Especificidad por Sustrato , VenezuelaRESUMEN
Por un convenio internacional (Austria-Venezuela) se instaló una grúa de construcción cerca del caño Surumoni, Alto Orinoco, para el estudio del dosel de un bosque húmedo tropical. Del área de 1,5 ha accesible con la grúa, se seleccionó un área experimental para la caracterización de los substractos aéreos de las plantas del dosel y determinar las relaciones con la distribución espacial, presencia y abundancia de plantas vasculares, así como también algunas estrategias utilizadas en su espacio ecológico. En los estratos medio e inferior del bosque se presentan asociaciones mirmecofíticas, donde la conformación de los sustratos aéreos determina el establecimiento y mantenimiento de estas asociaciones. El mayor contenido de nutrientes de estos substratos aéreos representa para el bosque un reservorio, en donde la actividad mirmecofítica es determinante. Una mayor fertilidad de los substratos aéreos de los jardines de hormigas puede estar relacionada con un mayor número de epifitas vasculares presentes en dichos jardines
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Plantas , Sustratos para Tratamiento Biológico , Árboles , Ecología , VenezuelaRESUMEN
Por convenio internacional (Austria - Venezuela) fue seleccionada un área experimental para los estudios de Ecología del Dosel de un Bosque Amazónico, donde se instaló una grúa de construcción que permite el acceso directo al dosel de un área de bosque de 1,5 ha. El presente es un estudio cuantitativo de los patrones de ocupación de los portadores por las especies de epifitas vasculares de un bosque húmedo tropical amazónico. El bosque de Surumoni está compuesto de cuatro estratos arbóreos, a saber: emergente (conspicuo), superior, medio e inferior. La mayor proporción de árboles se encuentra en las clases diamétricas más bajas (menor d.a.p.), y la distribución total se aproxima a una curva "J invertida" . En los tres últimos estratos domina en abundancia la especie Goupia glabra (Celastraceae); presentándose un bosque dominado por una sola especie arbórea. El promedio de individuos epifitos por forofito ocupado es muy variable dependiendo de la especie del portador, y además tiene poca correlación con el porcentaje de individuos ocupados. La especie Eschweilera parviflora (Lecythidaceae) representada en la parcela de estudio por un único individuo del estrato superior con alta densidad de epifitos vasculares, indica que dicha especie es particularmente favorable para el establecimiento de especies epifitas.
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Árboles , Ecosistema , Árboles , Clima Tropical , Venezuela , Densidad de Población , HumedadRESUMEN
Texto de estilo periodístico y ameno contiene descripciones e ilustraciones de la historia general de la Medicina. Contiene: medicina en Santa Fe la vieja; farmacopea y herboristería de la vieja época; las pestes y el cólera; los primeros hospitalaria de Santa Fe; el protomedicato; Marcelino Freyre: primer médico santafesino nativo
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Humanos , Historia de la Medicina , Medicina de Hierbas/historia , Medicina Tradicional/historia , MédicosAsunto(s)
Argentina , Cólera/historia , Historia de la Medicina , Hospitales/historia , Peste/historiaRESUMEN
Texto de estilo periodístico y ameno contiene descripciones e ilustraciones de la historia general de la Medicina. Contiene: medicina en Santa Fe la vieja; farmacopea y herboristería de la vieja época; las pestes y el cólera; los primeros hospitalaria de Santa Fe; el protomedicato; Marcelino Freyre: primer médico santafesino nativo