RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects up to 3% of the global female population, influencing metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive health. Medical expertise in diagnosis, effects, and treatment strategies, particularly for gynecologists, is crucial for ensuring improved healthcare for women. The objective of this study is to assess the state of medical knowledge regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of POI among Brazilian gynecologists. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using online questionnaires administered to 16,000 members of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. RESULTS: In total, 460 questionnaires were received from gynecologists who had an average age of 44.49 ± 12.57 years and 19.37 ± 12.95 years of professional experience. Fifty-three percent of gynecologists diagnosed POI correctly, and 49% requested karyotype analysis, while fewer than 10% identified all POI etiologies. Over 90% of gynecologists understood the long-term consequences of POI for bone and cardiovascular health. Despite being a consequence of hypoestrogenism, hormone therapy was recommended only by 20% of doctors, with no more than 50% of them prescribing appropriate doses for young women. Regarding self-perception, 60% of gynecologists declared deficient knowledge regarding how to offer care and guidance to women, with hormone therapy being reported as the most important reason (47%). CONCLUSIONS: Current concepts and guidelines for POI are not adequately understood or applied in Brazilian clinical practice, leading to suboptimal care.