RESUMEN
Instead of typical household trash, the heavy metal complexes, organic chemicals, and other poisons produced by huge enterprises threaten water systems across the world. In order to protect our drinking water from pollution, we must keep a close eye on the situation. Nanotechnology, specifically two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, is used in certain wastewater treatment systems. Graphene, g-C3N4, MoS2, and MXene are just a few examples of emerging 2D nanomaterials that exhibit an extraordinary ratio of surface (m3), providing material consumption, time consumption, and treatment technique for cleaning and observing water. In this post, we'll talk about the ways in which 2D nanomaterials may be tuned to perform certain functions, namely how they can be used for water management. The following is a quick overview of nanostructured materials and its possible use in water management: Also discussed in length are the applications of 2D nanomaterials in water purification, including pollutant adsorption, filtration, disinfection, and photocatalysis. Fluorescence sensors, colorimetric, electrochemical, and field-effect transistors are only some of the devices being studied for their potential use in monitoring water quality using 2D nanomaterials. Utilizing 2D content has its benefits and pitfalls when used to water management. New developments in this fast-expanding business will boost water treatment quality and accessibility in response to rising awareness of the need of clean, fresh water among future generations.
Asunto(s)
Nanoestructuras , Purificación del Agua , Nanoestructuras/química , Nanotecnología/métodos , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Calidad del AguaRESUMEN
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which catalyzes heme degradation releasing iron, regulates several processes related to breast cancer. Iron metabolism deregulation is also connected with several tumor processes. However the regulatory relationship between HO-1 and iron proteins in breast cancer remains unclear. Using human breast cancer biopsies, we found that high HO-1 levels significantly correlated with low DMT1 levels. Contrariwise, high HO-1 levels significantly correlated with high ZIP14 and prohepcidin expression, as well as hemosiderin storage. At mRNA level, we found that high HO-1 expression significantly correlated with low DMT1 expression but high ZIP14, L-ferritin and hepcidin expression. In in vivo experiments in mice with genetic overexpression or pharmacological activation of HO-1, we detected the same expression pattern observed in human biopsies. In in vitro experiments, HO-1 activation induced changes in iron proteins expression leading to an increase of hemosiderin, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation and a decrease of the growth rate. Such low growth rate induced by HO-1 activation was reversed when iron levels or ROS levels were reduced. Our findings demonstrate an important role of HO-1 on iron homeostasis in breast cancer. The changes in iron proteins expression when HO-1 is modulated led to the iron accumulation deregulating the iron cell cycle, and consequently, generating oxidative stress and low viability, all contributing to impair breast cancer progression.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Hierro , Ratones , Animales , Humanos , Femenino , Hierro/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Hemosiderina , Supervivencia CelularRESUMEN
Instead of typical household trash, the heavy metal complexes, organic chemicals, and other poisons produced by huge enterprises threaten water systems across the world. In order to protect our drinking water from pollution, we must keep a close eye on the situation. Nanotechnology, specifically two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, is used in certain wastewater treatment systems. Graphene, g-C3N4, MoS2, and MXene are just a few examples of emerging 2D nanomaterials that exhibit an extraordinary ratio of surface (m3), providing material consumption, time consumption, and treatment technique for cleaning and observing water. In this post, we'll talk about the ways in which 2D nanomaterials may be tuned to perform certain functions, namely how they can be used for water management. The following is a quick overview of nanostructured materials and its possible use in water management: Also discussed in length are the applications of 2D nanomaterials in water purification, including pollutant adsorption, filtration, disinfection, and photocatalysis. Fluorescence sensors, colorimetric, electrochemical, and field-effect transistors are only some of the devices being studied for their potential use in monitoring water quality using 2D nanomaterials. Utilizing 2D content has its benefits and pitfalls when used to water management. New developments in this fast-expanding business will boost water treatment quality and accessibility in response to rising awareness of the need of clean, fresh water among future generations.
Em vez do lixo doméstico típico, os complexos de metais pesados, produtos químicos orgânicos e outros venenos produzidos por grandes empresas ameaçam os sistemas de água em todo o mundo. Para proteger nossa água potável da poluição, devemos ficar de olho na situação. A nanotecnologia, especificamente nanomateriais bidimensionais (2D), é usada em certos sistemas de tratamento de águas residuais. Grafeno, g-C3N4, MoS2 e MXene são apenas alguns exemplos de nanomateriais 2D emergentes que exibem uma extraordinária proporção de superfície (m3), proporcionando consumo de material, consumo de tempo e técnica de tratamento para limpeza e observação da água. Neste trabalho, trataremos das maneiras pelas quais os nanomateriais 2D podem ser ajustados para desempenhar determinadas funções, ou seja, como eles podem ser usados para o gerenciamento de água. A seguir, uma breve visão geral dos materiais nanoestruturados e seu possível uso no gerenciamento de água. Serão também discutidas detalhadamente as aplicações de nanomateriais 2D na purificação de água, incluindo adsorção de poluentes, filtração, desinfecção e fotocatálise. Sensores de fluorescência, colorimétricos, eletroquímicos e transistores de efeito de campo são apenas alguns dos dispositivos que estão sendo estudados para uso potencial no monitoramento da qualidade da água usando nanomateriais 2D. A utilização de conteúdo 2D tem seus benefícios e armadilhas quando utilizada para gerenciamento de água. Novos desenvolvimentos neste negócio em rápida expansão visam aumentar a qualidade e a acessibilidade do tratamento de água em resposta à crescente conscientização sobre a necessidade de água limpa e fresca entre as gerações futuras.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Agua/prevención & control , Monitoreo del Agua , Purificación del Agua , NanoestructurasRESUMEN
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (AM) are mutualistic associations between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the roots of many plant species. AMF spores give rise to filaments that develop in the root system of plants and contribute to the absorption of water and some nutrients. This article introduces a semi-automated counting model of AMF spores in slide images based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The semi-automated counting of AMF spores facilitates and accelerates the tasks of researchers, who still do the AMF spore counting manually. We built a representative database of spore images, processing images through the Circle Hough Transform (CHT) method and training an ANN to classify patterns automatically. The classification analysis and the performances of the proposed method against the manual method are presented in this paper. The accuracy for the identification of spores by CHT in conjunction to ANN classification in the images was 90%. The results indicate that this method can accurately detect the presence of AMF spores in images as well as count them with a high level of confidence.
Asunto(s)
Micorrizas/aislamiento & purificación , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Microbiología del Suelo , Esporas Fúngicas/aislamiento & purificación , Algoritmos , Redes Neurales de la ComputaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration before and/or during cancer chemotherapy for the protection of ovarian reserve in premenopausal women without prior diagnosis of infertility. METHODS: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing administration of GnRHa before and/or during chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone. Eligible participants were premenopausal women at any stage of cancer, without previous diagnosis of infertility. An electronic database search in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, LILACS and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. After selecting eligible studies, the relative risk (RR) was assessed for primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)/amenorrhea and for spontaneous pregnancy after completion of treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs comparing concurrent use of GnRHa and chemotherapy (609 participants) with chemotherapy alone (599 participants) were eligible for meta-analysis. All trials were open-label and patients had been treated for breast cancer (n = 1099) or lymphoma (n = 109). GnRHa had a significant benefit on the risk of POI/amenorrhea (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45-0.79), which persisted in subgroup analysis for breast cancer (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.77) but not for lymphoma patients (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.20-2.47). The rate of spontaneous pregnancy after completion of treatment was higher in women receiving GnRHa plus chemotherapy compared with those receiving chemotherapy alone (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.01-2.02). Overall, the quality of evidence was low due to the unclear risk of bias, short follow-up and lack of objective assessment of ovarian function and reserve. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence, albeit of low quality, supports the use of GnRHa before and/or during chemotherapy to reduce the risk of POI and increase the probability of spontaneous pregnancy in the short term. Further high quality RCTs with more accurate assessment of ovarian reserve are needed to support definitive recommendations for clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/efectos adversos , Preservación de la Fertilidad , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/agonistas , Infertilidad Femenina/prevención & control , Reserva Ovárica/efectos de los fármacos , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/prevención & control , Femenino , Preservación de la Fertilidad/métodos , Humanos , Reserva Ovárica/fisiología , Embarazo , Insuficiencia Ovárica Primaria/inducido químicamente , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the freeze-all strategy affects in-vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in poor ovarian responders (POR) defined according to the Bologna criteria. METHOD: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing IVF treatment between January 2012 and December 2016 at a single center. A total of 433 POR (as defined by the Bologna criteria) fulfilled criteria and were included in the study; of these, 277 patients underwent fresh embryo transfer (ET) and 156 followed the freeze-all policy. All patients underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) following a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol, and cleavage-stage ET. Main outcome measure was ongoing pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. The freeze-all strategy was implemented when the progesterone serum level was > 1.5 ng/mL or the endometrium was < 7 mm on the trigger day, or as per patient preference. Patients with previous failed fresh ET also underwent fresh ET or freeze-all strategy considering the indications mentioned above. RESULTS: Mean maternal age in the freeze-all group was 39.5 ± 3.6 years and in the fresh ET group was 39.7 ± 3.8 years (P = 0.54). Mean number of embryos transferred (nET) was 1.53 ± 0.6 and 1.60 ± 0.6 (P = 0.12) in the freeze-all and fresh ET groups, respectively. Ongoing pregnancy rate did not differ significantly between the freeze-all and fresh ET groups (9.6% vs 10.1%, respectively; relative risk (RR), 0.95; 95% CI, 0.52-1.73), nor did the clinical pregnancy rate (14.1% vs 13.7%, respectively; RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.63-1.67). Implantation rate was 9.6% and 9.8% (P = 0.82) in the freeze-all and fresh ET groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis (including maternal age, antral follicle count, number of retrieved and mature oocytes, nET, and fresh ET vs freeze-all strategy) indicated that maternal age (P < 0.001) and nET (P = 0.039) were the only independent variables associated with ongoing pregnancy rate. CONCLUSIONS: The freeze-all strategy, compared with fresh ET, had no impact on IVF outcomes in POR patients as defined according to the Bologna criteria. Multicenter studies including large numbers of patients should be carried out to confirm the results of this study and reach conclusions about the potential benefits of the freeze-all policy for poor responders. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación/estadística & datos numéricos , Implantación del Embrión/fisiología , Transferencia de Embrión/métodos , Fertilización In Vitro , Ovario/fisiopatología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Inducción de la Ovulación , Formulación de Políticas , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BRCAness breast tumors represent a group of sporadic tumors characterized by a reduction in BRCA1 gene expression. As BRCA1 is involved in double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair, dysfunctional BRCA pathway could make a tumor sensitive to DNA damaging drugs (e.g., platinum agents). Thus, accurately identifying BRCAness could contribute to therapeutic decision making in patients harboring these tumors. The purpose of this study was to identify if BRCAness tumors present a characteristic methylation profile and/or were related to specific clinico-pathological features. BRCAness was measured by MLPA in 63 breast tumors; methylation status of 98 CpG sites within 84 cancer-related genes was analyzed by MS-MLPA. Protein and mRNA expressions of the selected genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot. BRCAness was associated with younger age, higher nuclear pleomorphism, and triple-negative (TN) status. Epigenetically, we found that the strongest predictors for BRCAness tumors were the methylations of MLH1 and PAX5 plus the unmethylations of CCND2 and ID4. We determined that ID4 unmethylation correlated with the expression levels of both its mRNA and protein. We observed an inverse relation between the expressions of ID4 and BRCA1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting an epigenetic regulation of ID4 in BRCAness tumors. Our findings give new information of BRCAness etiology and encourage future studies on potential drug targets for BRCAness breast tumors.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Epigénesis Genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Genes BRCA1 , Genes BRCA2 , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Diferenciación/genética , Fenotipo , Adulto , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/patología , Islas de CpG , Metilación de ADN , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/genética , Metilasas de Modificación del ADN/metabolismo , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/genética , Enzimas Reparadoras del ADN/metabolismo , Epigenómica/métodos , Femenino , Amplificación de Genes , Humanos , Proteínas Inhibidoras de la Diferenciación/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be performed with testicular frozen-thawed spermatozoa in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Sperm retrieval can be performed in advance of oocyte aspiration, as it may avoid the possibility of no recovery of spermatozoa on the day of oocyte pickup. There are few studies available in the literature concerning the use of frozen-thawed spermatozoa obtained from testicular sperm aspiration (TESA). To evaluate the effects and the outcomes of ICSI with frozen-thawed spermatozoa obtained by TESA, we performed a retrospective analysis of 43 ICSI cycles using frozen-thawed TESA. We obtained acceptable results with a fertilisation rate of 67.9%, an implantation rate (IR) of 17.1%, and clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates of 41.9% and 37.2% respectively. The results of this study suggest that performing ICSI using cryopreserved frozen-thawed testicular spermatozoa with TESA as a first option is a viable, safe, economic and effective method for patients with NOA.
Asunto(s)
Implantación del Embrión/fisiología , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas/métodos , Recuperación de la Esperma , Adulto , Azoospermia/fisiopatología , Criopreservación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) represent 1%-1.5% of all male neoplasms, and they have the highest prevalence among men between 15 and 35 years old. Synchronous bilateral disease is a rare presentation, and the ratio of metachronous to synchronous bilateral disease is about 4 : 1. Several studies have suggested a correlation between male infertility and testicular cancer, with a 20-fold increase in the incidence of testicular cancer in infertile patients compared with the general population. At the time of diagnosis, 50%-75% of patients with unilateral TGCT present with subfertility; almost 13% of the patients are azoospermic before treatment, and up to two-thirds of patients become azoospermic following adjuvant cancer therapies. Therefore, fertility preservation should be considered in all oncological treatments. The only available option to preserve the reproductive potential in azoospermic patients with testicular cancer is to perform an onco-testicular sperm extraction (onco-TESE) before cancer treatment. In this paper, we describe a rare case of a patient with synchronous bilateral testicular cancer and azoospermia who was submitted to onco-TESE, sperm cryopreservation, and which was followed by the delivery of a healthy baby after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), emphasising the importance of fertility preservation in oncology patients.
Asunto(s)
Azoospermia/patología , Preservación de la Fertilidad , Infertilidad Masculina/etiología , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/patología , Espermatozoides/patología , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Adulto , Azoospermia/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Infertilidad Masculina/patología , Masculino , Neoplasias de Células Germinales y Embrionarias/complicaciones , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Recuperación de la Esperma , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicacionesRESUMEN
Leiomyomas constitute 2.5% of all resected neoplasms of the stomach. They are usually asymptomatic, but may present mucosal ulceration. Aberrant DNA methylation is a well-defined epigenetic change in human neoplasms; however, gene-acquired methylation may not necessarily be related with a malignant phenotype. In this report we analyzed in a gastric leiomyoma, the methylation status of 84 CpGI in tumor suppressor and DNA repair genes. We analyzed the tumor center (TC) and tumor periphery (TP) separately. We found aberrant methylation in 2/84 CpGI in the TC portion, that is, MLH1 and MSH3, and 5/84 CpGI in the TP, that is, MLH1, MSH3, APC, MSH6, and MGMT. The gene with the highest methylation percentage in the TC and TP was MLH1. Given that MLH1 methylation has been associated with microsatellite instability, we analyzed the status of the microsatellite Bat-26. We found that neither the TC nor the TP presented instability. The methylation of MLH1, MGMT, and APC has been described in GISTs, but to the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the methylation of these genes has been associated with gastric leiomyoma. Further research should be conducted to identify reliable molecular markers that could differentiate between GISTs and gastric leiomyomas.
RESUMEN
Breast cancer is a group of clinically, histopathologically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases, with different outcomes and responses to treatment. Triple-negative (TN) breast cancers are defined as tumors that lack the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This subgroup accounts for 15% of all types of breast cancer and its prevalence is higher among young African, African-American and Latino women. The hypermethylation of CpG islands (CpGI) is a common epigenetic alteration for suppressing gene expression in breast cancer and has been shown to be a key factor in breast carcinogenesis. In this study we analyzed the hypermethylation of 110 CpGI within 69 cancer-related genes in TN tumors. For the methylation analysis, we used the methyl-specific multiplex-ligation probe amplification assay. We found that the number of methylated CpGI is similar between TN and non-TN tumors, but the methylated genes between the groups are different. The methylation profile of TN tumors is defined by the methylation of five genes (that is, CDKN2B, CD44, MGMT, RB and p73) plus the non-methylation of 11 genes (that is, GSTP1, PMS2, MSH2, MLH1, MSH3, MSH6, DLC1, CACNA1A, CACNA1G, TWIST1 and ID4). We conclude that TN tumors have a specific methylation profile. Our findings give new information for better understanding tumor etiology and encourage future studies on potential drug targets for triple-negative breast tumors, which now lack a specific treatment.
RESUMEN
Deletions/duplications in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene account for 60 to 70% of all alterations. A new technique, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), has been described that allows the detection of large genetic rearrangements by simultaneous amplification of up to 45 target sequences. The present article is based on the diagnosis of the first Argentine affected families by the application of MLPA. DNA samples from patients with and without a previous diagnosis were included. MLPA assays were performed according to manufacturer recommendations. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were performed when a single-exon deletion was detected. Results were analyzed using the Gene Marker v1.6 and Sequencing Analysis v5.2 software. In the samples with a previous diagnosis (as identified by short tandem repeat-polymerase chain reaction analysis), MLPA confirmed in some samples the same deletion and detected in others a larger deleted fragment. This enabled the prediction of the expected male phenotype. One deletion and one duplication were detected in patients without previous diagnosis. In this study, we investigated the applicability of MLPA in our country. Our results showed a 100% confirmation of the deleted fragments detected by short tandem repeat segregation analysis. Moreover, in some cases, the MLPA assay was able to refine the breakpoints involved. In addition, MLPA identified deletions/duplications in samples without previous diagnosis. In comparison to the available diagnosis strategies in Argentina, MLPA is less time-consuming, and spans the complete coding region of DMD. The application of MLPA will improve the genetic diagnosis of DMD/Becker muscular dystrophy in our country.
Asunto(s)
Duplicación de Gen , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/diagnóstico , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Eliminación de Secuencia , Argentina , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Reordenamiento Génico , Humanos , Masculino , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
This article is about the use of ether as a general anesthetic that was used for the first time by T. Morton at Harvard University. It was a landmark in future surgical procedures and this discovery was documented by the painting of the Robert Hinckey and it has been used for teaching history of medicine.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General/historia , Anestesiología/historia , Anestésicos por Inhalación/historia , Éter/historia , Medicina en las Artes , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Massachusetts , Pinturas/historia , Poesía como Asunto/historia , Universidades/historiaRESUMEN
The Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a collagen disease characterized by joint hypermobility, skin hyper-extensibility and generalized tissue fragility. It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and they differ from each other in gene mutation involved in the structure of different types of collagen. We report two female patients with a diagnosis of EDS Type III and Type IV with different clinical manifestations, evolution and prognosis. The first case, EDS Type III, presented marked joint hypermobility and skin hyper-extensibility, and the second case, EDS Type IV, arterial rupture leading to extensive bruising, obstetrics complications and skin hyper-extensibility.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/clasificación , Adulto , Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos/complicaciones , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
It makes reference to the symptoms and signs of external pain and internal man suffering, masterly represented on marble by greek sculptors of Ancient Greece. A demonstration of the importance of literature and sculpture as an humanistic complement for teaching History of Medicine.
Asunto(s)
Dolor , Escultura/historia , Grecia , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Humanismo , Humanos , Literatura/historia , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/psicología , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
Se hace referencia a los síntomas y signos del dolor exterior y del sufrimiento interior del hombre, magistralmente representados en el mármol por escultores griegos de la antigua Grecia. Se demuestra la importancia de la literatura y la escultura como complemento humanístico para la enseñanza en la Cátedra de Historia de la Medicina.(AU)
It makes reference to the symptoms and signs of external pain and internal man suffering, masterly represented on marble by Greek sculptors of Ancient Greece. A demonstration of the importance of literature and sculpture as a humanistic complement for teaching History of Medicine.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Historia del Siglo XV , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Dolor , Educación Médica , Medicina en las Artes , Historia de la Medicina , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/psicología , Escultura/historia , Literatura/historia , Grecia , Estrés Psicológico , HumanismoRESUMEN
Se hace referencia a los síntomas y signos del dolor exterior y del sufrimiento interior del hombre, magistralmente representados en el mármol por escultores griegos de la antigua Grecia. Se demuestra la importancia de la literatura y la escultura como complemento humanístico para la enseñanza en la Cátedra de Historia de la Medicina.
It makes reference to the symptoms and signs of external pain and internal man suffering, masterly represented on marble by Greek sculptors of Ancient Greece. A demonstration of the importance of literature and sculpture as a humanistic complement for teaching History of Medicine.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Historia Antigua , Historia Medieval , Historia del Siglo XV , Historia del Siglo XVI , Historia del Siglo XVII , Educación Médica , Historia de la Medicina , Medicina en las Artes , Dolor , Grecia , Humanismo , Literatura/historia , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/psicología , Estrés Psicológico , Escultura/historiaRESUMEN
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and in the vascular changes seen in hypertension. Dehydroleucodine (DhL) is a sesquiterpene lactone that inhibits cell proliferation in plant cells. In this paper, we study the effect of DhL in the proliferation of VSMCs stimulated with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Very low concentrations of DhL (2-6 microM) inhibited VSMC proliferation and induced cell accumulation in G2. DhL did not affect the dynamics of 3H-thymidine incorporation, and did not modify either the activity of DNA polymerase or the incorporation of deoxyribonucleotides in an in vitro assay. Moreover, DhL did not induce apoptosis in VSMCs. These results indicate that DhL, in very low concentration, induces a transient arrest of VSMCs in G2. Our data show that VSMCs are especially sensitive to DhL effect, suggesting that DhL could be potentially useful to prevent the vascular pathological changes seen in hypertension and other vascular diseases.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fase G2/efectos de los fármacos , Lactonas/farmacología , Músculo Liso Vascular/citología , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , ADN/metabolismo , Replicación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ADN/metabolismo , Desoxirribonucleótidos/metabolismo , Hipertensión/patología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/fisiología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/citología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WKYRESUMEN
MEN2A is an autosomic dominant disease, characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma and parathyroid hyperplasia. Mutations in the ret proto-oncogene are associated with this disease, with almost 100% of penetrance. The gene, situated on chromosome 10q11.2, codes for a transmembrane protein with a tyrosinkinase-like receptor function. Mutations that affect its extracellular domain, stimulate spontaneous homodimerization and elevate the basal tyrosinkinase activity. The codon 634 of the gene is considered a hot-spot site, since it is mutated in 85% of the MEN2A families. Our group developed in 2002 an indirect and costless strategy to detect alterations in this site. We present a family suspected of having MEN2A. We applied our PCR based indirect strategy on the DNA of the index patient and found that there was no mutation in that site. Posterior sequencing of exon 10 and 11 confirmed that the mutation affecting this family was in codon 611. Thus, we developed a new costless family-specific strategy based on mutagenic PCR and enzymatic cuts to diagnose all the family members. A seven-year old boy with this mutation was preventively thyroidectomized. In this way, combining the indirect methodology for codon 634 previously developed by our group, and a posterior family-specific mutation detection strategy, we were able to diagnose and intervene presymptomatically the family members, avoiding sending all the samples to foreign centers.(AU)
El síndrome de MEN2A es una enfermedad autosómica dominante que se caracteriza por el desarrollode cáncer medular de tiroides, feocromocitoma e hiperplasia de paratiroides. Mutaciones en elret proto-oncogén se asocian con MEN2A, con una penetrancia cercana al 100%. El gen se encuentra en elcromosoma 10q11.2 y codifica para una proteína transmembrana con función de receptor del tipo tirosina quinasa.Mutaciones que afectan el dominio extracelular de la proteína estimulan la dimerización espontánea del receptory un aumento de la actividad de tirosina quinasa basal. El codón 634 codifica para una cisteína, y es consideradoun sitio hot-spot por encontrarse mutado en el 85% de las familias con MEN2A. Para este sitio, nuestro grupo desarrolló en 2002 una metodología de detección indirecta y económica. Ante una familia sospechada de MEN2A, se aplicó esta estrategia, que reveló un codón 634 sano. Por posterior secuenciación se confirmó que el paciente índice portaba una mutación en el codón 611. Se desarrolló una nueva estrategia familiaespecífica por PCR mutagénica, que permitió diagnosticar en nuestro país a todos los integrantes de la familiacon costos accesibles. Un niño en el cual se halló la mutación, fue tiroidectomizado preventivamente, y a lafecha goza de buena salud. De esta manera, combinando la estrategia de detección de mutaciones en el sitiohot-spot y un posterior diseño de otra metodología familia-específica se pudo diagnosticar e intervenir preventivamente a la familia, sin enviar todas las muestras al extranjero.(AU)