RESUMEN

This study aims to define the best method (slow freezing or vitrification) and fragment size (1, 5, or 9 mm³) for prepubertal goat testis cryopreservation, as well as to evaluate testicular morphological integrity after cryopreservation and in vitro culture (IVC). Initially (experiment I), 1, 5, or 9 mm³ testis fragments were cryopreserved by slow freezing using a Mr. Frosty container with 20% Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or vitrified using the Ovarian Tissue Cryosystem (OTC) device, (Equilibration solution - ES: 10% DMSO and 10% ethylene glycol - EG; Vitrification solution - VS: 20% DMSO and 20% EG) and then subjected to morphological analysis, type I and III collagen quantification and gene expression (Oct4, C-kit, Bax, and Bcl-2). Subsequently, (experiment II), fresh or cryopreserved by slow freezing testis fragments were cultured in vitro and submitted to morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy. The data from the experiment I revealed fewer morphological alterations in 1 and 5 mm³ fragments after vitrification and slow freezing, respectively. The percentage of type I collagen fibers in 5 and 9 mm³ frozen was higher than in fresh or vitrified fragments. For type III collagen, fresh or frozen fragments of 1 and 5 mm3 showed a higher percentage than fragments of 9 mm3. Gene expression for Oct4 and C-kit after slow freezing or vitrification in the 5 mm3 fragments was lower than that observed in the fresh fragments. The Bax:Bcl-2 ratio in the 1 and 9 mm³ fragments was lower than in the 5 mm³ fragments for fresh fragments or after freezing. In experiment II, fragments cultured in vitro, previously frozen or not, showed more morphological alterations than fresh or frozen fragments. We concluded that slow freezing of 5 mm³ fragments was the best protocol for cryopreserving prepubertal goat testis and although the results of IVC are encouraging, it still needs improvement to restore testicular function after cryopreservation.

Asunto(s)

Dimetilsulfóxido , Cabras , Animales , Masculino , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2 , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit

RESUMEN

The present study aimed to use an in vitro follicle culture (IVFC) biotechnique as a tool to evaluate the influence of whole flaxseed as a feed supplementation in the diet on the in vitro development of caprine early antral follicles (EAFs) and further embryo production. In total, 18 adult goats were homogeneously allocated into two diet groups: Control and Flaxseed. EAFs from both experimental groups (300-400 µm) were isolated and cultured in vitro for 18 days. After IVFC, recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes were submitted to in vitro maturation, and subsequently to IVF and in vitro embryo culture. The endpoints evaluated were follicular growth and morphology, oocyte recovery rate and diameter, sperm penetration, pronuclei formation, embryo development, and estradiol production. The addition of the whole flaxseed in the diet did not affect (P > 0.05) follicular growth and diameter. A higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes ≥ 110 µm was recovered from the flaxseed treatment. However, the sperm penetration rate was higher (P < 0.05) in the control treatment when compared with the flaxseed treatment, but no differences were found regarding the rate of fertilization nor cleaved embryos. In conclusion, dietary flaxseed increased the recovery rate of fully grown oocytes, but it did negatively affect the sperm penetration rate, even though there was no further effect on the cleavage rate.

Asunto(s)

Lino , Cabras , Animales , Medios de Cultivo , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria , Oocitos , Folículo Ovárico

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the effect of detoxified castor meal on the reproductive performance, metabolic stress, milk production, and kid development in peripartum goats. The diet of the animals were with (DCM, n= 20) or without (WDCM, n= 21) detoxified castor meal during the entire gestation and until weaning, 60 days post-birth. No differences were observed in the gestation period, litter size, rate of multiple births, and mortality between the two groups. The postpartum plasma concentrations of progesterone remained below 1ng/mL in all animals, thus, confirming the absence of active corpora lutea. The thickness of sternum adipose tissue and loin area, levels of urea and cholesterol, milk production, and daily weight gain in the kids were low in the DCM group when compared to those in the WDCM group (P< 0.05). To conclude, the use of detoxified castor meal in peripartum goats resulted in lower level of performance in the kids because of reductions in the amount of milk received from their mothers during lactation. In addition, the diet containing detoxified castor meals was not efficient in recovering from the loss of stored body reserves able to initiate the recovery of the cyclic activity of the goats.(AU)

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Este estudo avaliou o efeito da torta de mamona desintoxicada na reprodução, no estresse metabólico, na produção de leite e no desenvolvimento de cabritos no periparto de cabras. Um grupo foi alimentado com torta de mamona (DCM, n=20), e o outro (WDCM, n=21) não recebeu tal suplemento , durante a gestação até o desmame, 60 dias pós-parto. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no período de gestação, no número de cabritos, na taxa de partos múltiplos e na mortalidade entre os dois grupos. Em todos os animais, a concentração plasmática de progesterona ficou abaixo de 1ng/mL, confirmando a ausência de atividade lútea. A espessura da gordura subcutânea do esterno e da área de olho-de-lombo, a concentração de ureia e colesterol, a produção de leite e o ganho de peso dos cabritos foram menores no grupo DCM (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o uso de torta de mamona desintoxicada no periparto de cabra resultou em cabritos mais leves devido à redução na produção de leite das matrizes e as cabras não retornaram ao cio, pois não recuperaram a massa corporal.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Ricinus , Estrés Fisiológico , Lactancia , Cabras/fisiología , Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nitrógeno/administración & dosificación , Progesterona , Suplementos Dietéticos

RESUMEN

This study evaluated the effect of detoxified castor meal on the reproductive performance, metabolic stress, milk production, and kid development in peripartum goats. The diet of the animals were with (DCM, n= 20) or without (WDCM, n= 21) detoxified castor meal during the entire gestation and until weaning, 60 days post-birth. No differences were observed in the gestation period, litter size, rate of multiple births, and mortality between the two groups. The postpartum plasma concentrations of progesterone remained below 1ng/mL in all animals, thus, confirming the absence of active corpora lutea. The thickness of sternum adipose tissue and loin area, levels of urea and cholesterol, milk production, and daily weight gain in the kids were low in the DCM group when compared to those in the WDCM group (P< 0.05). To conclude, the use of detoxified castor meal in peripartum goats resulted in lower level of performance in the kids because of reductions in the amount of milk received from their mothers during lactation. In addition, the diet containing detoxified castor meals was not efficient in recovering from the loss of stored body reserves able to initiate the recovery of the cyclic activity of the goats.(AU)

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Este estudo avaliou o efeito da torta de mamona desintoxicada na reprodução, no estresse metabólico, na produção de leite e no desenvolvimento de cabritos no periparto de cabras. Um grupo foi alimentado com torta de mamona (DCM, n=20), e o outro (WDCM, n=21) não recebeu tal suplemento , durante a gestação até o desmame, 60 dias pós-parto. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no período de gestação, no número de cabritos, na taxa de partos múltiplos e na mortalidade entre os dois grupos. Em todos os animais, a concentração plasmática de progesterona ficou abaixo de 1ng/mL, confirmando a ausência de atividade lútea. A espessura da gordura subcutânea do esterno e da área de olho-de-lombo, a concentração de ureia e colesterol, a produção de leite e o ganho de peso dos cabritos foram menores no grupo DCM (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o uso de torta de mamona desintoxicada no periparto de cabra resultou em cabritos mais leves devido à redução na produção de leite das matrizes e as cabras não retornaram ao cio, pois não recuperaram a massa corporal.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Ricinus , Estrés Fisiológico , Lactancia , Cabras/fisiología , Animales Recién Nacidos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Nitrógeno/administración & dosificación , Progesterona , Suplementos Dietéticos

RESUMEN

Changes in the nutritional plan have been shown to affect oocyte quality, crucial to oocyte donors animals used in cloning. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of diets with increasing nutritional levels (maintenance diet=M; 1.3M; 1.6M; 1.9M) fed to goats for four weeks on follicular fluid composition, gene expression and oocyte competence used to cloning in goats. Donor females were superovulated for the retrieval of matured oocytes and physical measurements reported. After four weeks, groups receiving diets above maintenance increased thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue and body weight, with higher values in 1.9M Group (P<0.05). Treatments did not affect follicular density, number of aspirated follicles, retrieved and matured oocytes. Animals from 1.3M group had lower (P<0.05) maturation rate (44.0%) and number of viable oocytes (65.3%) than M (68.8%) and 1.9M (76.0%). Follicular fluid glucose concentrations increased with nutritional levels (P=0.010), with a difference (P<0.05) between groups 1.9M (11.4±2.6mg/dL) and M (2.6±0.5mg/dL). The diet did not affect the expression of GDF9, BMP15, and BAX genes in oocytes, but BCL2 and apoptotic index were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the 1.3M and 1.6M groups than the other groups. Following the transfer of cloned embryos, one fetus was born live of a twin pregnancy in the 1.9M Group. The association between energy intake and oocyte quality suggests better nutritional use by oocytes when the maximum flow was used (1.9M), but the optimal feeding level in cloning still needs refinement.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Cabras/embriología , Animales , Clonación de Organismos , Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/veterinaria , Líquido Folicular/química , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Cabras/metabolismo , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria , Técnicas de Transferencia Nuclear/veterinaria , Recuperación del Oocito , Embarazo , Superovulación

RESUMEN

The availability of glycerol has increased because of the biofuels industry, and glycerol can have a significant effect on reproductive efficiency when used as an alternative energy source in animal feeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-mating oral drenching of glycerin on ovarian and fertility responses in goats. Sixty Anglonubian mixed-breed goats were submitted to estrus synchronization by CIDR-prostaglandin PGF2α treatment and mated. At CIDR removal, onset of estrus, and 24 h after estrus behavior, the animals received 150 ml of saline solution (control group, n = 20), 150 ml of glycerol (150 ml group, n = 20), or 300 ml of glycerol (300 ml group, n = 20). The administration of glycerin increased plasma glucose in the 300 ml group (P < 0.05) and the insulin concentration at 12 h after glycerin drenching in both treated groups. Goats from the 300 ml group showed a lower ovulation rate when compared to the control group (1.15 ± 0.08 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14; P < 0.05) but exhibited larger follicles at 48, 24, and 12 h prior to ovulation (P < 0.05). Administration of 300 ml of glycerol was also associated with a significant reduction in the pregnancy rate (80.00% vs. 38.89%; P < 0.05) and in pregnant animals it was associated with lower growth of embryonic vesicles (1.78 ± 0.07 mm/day vs. 1.31 ± 0.07 mm/day; P < 0.05) compared to the control treatment. Gestational losses in the 300 ml group occurred between mating and the 45th day of pregnancy. No differences were found for the reproductive parameters analyzed in the study between the 150 ml and control groups. In conclusion, the supplementation with glycerol before the mating did not appear to be a viable alternative to increase reproductive efficiency of adult does.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Animales , Cabras/fisiología , Factor de Apareamiento/análisis , Factor de Apareamiento/química , Glicerol/análisis , Glicerol/análogos & derivados , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis

RESUMEN

The availability of glycerol has increased because of the biofuels industry, and glycerol can have a significant effect on reproductive efficiency when used as an alternative energy source in animal feeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-mating oral drenching of glycerin on ovarian and fertility responses in goats. Sixty Anglonubian mixed-breed goats were submitted to estrus synchronization by CIDR-prostaglandin PGF2α treatment and mated. At CIDR removal, onset of estrus, and 24 h after estrus behavior, the animals received 150 ml of saline solution (control group, n = 20), 150 ml of glycerol (150 ml group, n = 20), or 300 ml of glycerol (300 ml group, n = 20). The administration of glycerin increased plasma glucose in the 300 ml group (P < 0.05) and the insulin concentration at 12 h after glycerin drenching in both treated groups. Goats from the 300 ml group showed a lower ovulation rate when compared to the control group (1.15 ± 0.08 vs. 0.89 ± 0.14; P < 0.05) but exhibited larger follicles at 48, 24, and 12 h prior to ovulation (P < 0.05). Administration of 300 ml of glycerol was also associated with a significant reduction in the pregnancy rate (80.00% vs. 38.89%; P < 0.05) and in pregnant animals it was associated with lower growth of embryonic vesicles (1.78 ± 0.07 mm/day vs. 1.31 ± 0.07 mm/day; P < 0.05) compared to the control treatment. Gestational losses in the 300 ml group occurred between mating and the 45th day of pregnancy. No differences were found for the reproductive parameters analyzed in the study between the 150 ml and control groups. In conclusion, the supplementation with glycerol before the mating did not appear to be a viable alternative to increase reproductive efficiency of adult does.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Cabras/fisiología , Glicerol/análogos & derivados , Glicerol/análisis , Factor de Apareamiento/análisis , Factor de Apareamiento/química , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis

RESUMEN

Lipotoxicity is characterized by excessive saturated fatty acids in the blood, increasing storage in non-adipose cells, which leads to changes in the expression pattern of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (e.g., ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, And GRP78), pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways (e.g., Baxand Bcl-2, and protein stability, including heat shock proteins, e.g., HSP70). A negative sub-cellular effect is usually an end result, which also occurs in the ovarian follicular population, affecting granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), which leads to adecrease in oocyte quality and mitochondrial activity, and increased apoptosis. The addition of high doses of non-esterified fatty acids to oocyte in vitro maturation medium has been shown to slow the progression of meio sis, hampering oocyte maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo development. Due to its importance in the control of cellular lipid droplets and expression correlation with cytosolic lipid accumulation, the expression of the Plin 2 (Perilipin 2) Protein is also highlighted. The aim of this Review is to discuss some reproductive implications of dietary li pid supplementation in ruminant females, and the potential effects of lipotoxicityon oocyte qualityand reproduction, and the main mechanisms involved in the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular lipid accumulation.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Animales , Embrión de Mamíferos , Mamíferos/embriología , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/toxicidad , Técnicas Reproductivas/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Lipotoxicity is characterized by excessive saturated fatty acids in the blood, increasing storage in non-adipose cells, which leads to changes in the expression pattern of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (e.g., ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, And GRP78), pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways (e.g., Baxand Bcl-2, and protein stability, including heat shock proteins, e.g., HSP70). A negative sub-cellular effect is usually an end result, which also occurs in the ovarian follicular population, affecting granulosa cells and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), which leads to adecrease in oocyte quality and mitochondrial activity, and increased apoptosis. The addition of high doses of non-esterified fatty acids to oocyte in vitro maturation medium has been shown to slow the progression of meio sis, hampering oocyte maturation and subsequent in vitro embryo development. Due to its importance in the control of cellular lipid droplets and expression correlation with cytosolic lipid accumulation, the expression of the Plin 2 (Perilipin 2) Protein is also highlighted. The aim of this Review is to discuss some reproductive implications of dietary li pid supplementation in ruminant females, and the potential effects of lipotoxicityon oocyte qualityand reproduction, and the main mechanisms involved in the expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cellular lipid accumulation.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Femenino , Mamíferos/embriología , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos/toxicidad , Embrión de Mamíferos , Técnicas Reproductivas/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Diet can influence both the qualitative and quantitative traits of ruminant meat. This study evaluated the effects of castor de-oiled cake on the meat of mixed-breed male goat kids. After 165days of diet treatment, no alterations (p>0.05) were observed in the in vivo performance, anatomic components, dissection and proximate composition of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, as well as in the color and pH of the carcasses. However, diet had an effect (p<0.05) on energy metabolites, fatty acid profile, and expression of certain proteins of the Longissimus dorsi muscle. To conclude, this study showed that the establishment of castor de-oiled cake diet for a long period to goats led to alterations in meat quality, without compromising its consumption qualities.

Asunto(s)

Dieta/veterinaria , Calidad de los Alimentos , Cabras/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carne/análisis , Desarrollo de Músculos , Músculo Esquelético/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ricinus communis/química , Agricultura/economía , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Alimentación Animal/economía , Animales , Biocombustibles/economía , Ricinus communis/efectos adversos , Productos Agrícolas/efectos adversos , Productos Agrícolas/química , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/economía , Proteínas en la Dieta/análisis , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Humanos , Residuos Industriales/efectos adversos , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Residuos Industriales/economía , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Valor Nutritivo , Venenos/análisis , Venenos/toxicidad , Ricina/análisis , Ricina/toxicidad , Semillas/efectos adversos , Semillas/química

RESUMEN

A expressão de RNAm para leptina, receptor de leptina (obRb), adiponectina, receptor de adiponectina (AdipoR1) e resistina foi avaliada por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real, em tecidos ovariano, hipofisário, adiposo do omento e da região perirrenal, em ovelhas alimentadas sem farelo de mamona ou com farelo de mamona detoxificada durante 14 meses. O tipo de dieta não afetou os níveis de RNAm para leptina, obRb, adiponectina, AdipoR1 e resistina nos diferentes tecidos avaliados (P>0,05). Nos tecidos ovariano e hipofisário, não foi verificada a expressão da adiponecina e da resistina, respectivamente. Como consequência, pode-se concluir que o farelo de mamona detoxificada pode ser utilizado como fonte proteica na dieta de ovelhas, sem afetar a expressão do gene resistina e dos genes leptina e adiponectina, bem como de seus receptores...

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The expression of leptin, leptin receptor (obRb), adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1) and resistin was assessed by real-time PCR technique in ovarian, pituitary, and the omental adipose perirenal tissue in sheep feed without castor meal or with detoxified castor meal. The type of diet did not affect mRNA levels for leptin, obRb, adiponectin, resistin AdipoR1 evaluated in different tissues (P>0.05). However, in pituitary and ovarian tissues there was no expression of resistin and adiponectin, respectively. The detoxified castor meal can be used in sheep diets as alternative food protein without affecting the expression of leptin and adponectin as well as their receptors and resistin...

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ovinos/metabolismo , Receptores de Adipoquina/análisis , Receptores de Leptina/análisis , Reproducción/fisiología , Resistina/análisis , Alimentación Animal , Ricinus , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria

RESUMEN

A expressão de RNAm para leptina, receptor de leptina (obRb), adiponectina, receptor de adiponectina (AdipoR1) e resistina foi avaliada por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real, em tecidos ovariano, hipofisário, adiposo do omento e da região perirrenal, em ovelhas alimentadas sem farelo de mamona ou com farelo de mamona detoxificada durante 14 meses. O tipo de dieta não afetou os níveis de RNAm para leptina, obRb, adiponectina, AdipoR1 e resistina nos diferentes tecidos avaliados (P>0,05). Nos tecidos ovariano e hipofisário, não foi verificada a expressão da adiponecina e da resistina, respectivamente. Como consequência, pode-se concluir que o farelo de mamona detoxificada pode ser utilizado como fonte proteica na dieta de ovelhas, sem afetar a expressão do gene resistina e dos genes leptina e adiponectina, bem como de seus receptores.(AU)

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The expression of leptin, leptin receptor (obRb), adiponectin, adiponectin receptor (AdipoR1) and resistin was assessed by real-time PCR technique in ovarian, pituitary, and the omental adipose perirenal tissue in sheep feed without castor meal or with detoxified castor meal. The type of diet did not affect mRNA levels for leptin, obRb, adiponectin, resistin AdipoR1 evaluated in different tissues (P>0.05). However, in pituitary and ovarian tissues there was no expression of resistin and adiponectin, respectively. The detoxified castor meal can be used in sheep diets as alternative food protein without affecting the expression of leptin and adponectin as well as their receptors and resistin.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ovinos/metabolismo , Receptores de Adipoquina/análisis , Receptores de Leptina/análisis , Resistina/análisis , Reproducción/fisiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal , Ricinus

RESUMEN

Lipid-rich and energy-dense diets can have significant effects on the reproductive physiology, including the ovarian function and fertility. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cashew nut bran supplementation as a lipid source on follicle development, plasma and intrafollicular concentrations of cholesterol, and developmental competence of in vitro-matured goat oocytes. The inclusion of cashew nut bran as 24% of the goats' diet for 28 days increased the percentage and number of degenerated oocytes compared with the control (P < 0.05), and also the plasma cholesterol levels and the proportion of grade IV oocytes compared with all other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in the proportion of viable oocytes compared with the control and in the percentage of grade II oocytes compared with all other treatments (P < 0.05). Oocyte maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst rates after parthenogenetic activation of viable oocytes were not affected by the type of diet. In conclusion, the inclusion of cashew nut bran as 24% of the diet of adult goats for 28 days changed plasma cholesterol levels and reduced the proportion of viable immature oocytes; however, the 12% and 24% diet supplementations with cashew nut bran did not interfere with competence of resulting viable oocytes to reach the metaphase II stage after IVM, and to develop after parthenogenetic activation.

Asunto(s)

Anacardium , Cabras/fisiología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Oocitos/citología , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Colesterol/sangre , Femenino , Cabras/metabolismo , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos , Reproducción

RESUMEN

Diversos poluentes ambientais têm sido identificados como desreguladores endócrinos (DE). Estes agentes exógenos, além de interferirem negativamente na fisiologia hormonal, prejudicam a saúde reprodutiva de animais e humanos, gerando grandes preocupações entre comunidades científicas, bem como no âmbito da saúde pública. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir estudos que relatam alterações reprodutivas causadas pela exposição a desreguladores endócrinos, enfatizando os efeitos nocivos sobre a foliculogênese, a maturação oocitária, o desenvolvimento embrionário, a gestação e a puberdade.

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Several environmental pollutants have been identified as endocrine disruptors (ED). These exogenous agents, in addition to negatively influence hormonal physiology, undermine the reproductive health of animals and humans, sparking concerns among scientific communities, as well as within public health. This review aims to demonstrate and discuss studies that have reported reproductive changes caused by exposure to endocrine disrupters, emphasizing the harmful effects on folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, embryo development, pregnancy and puberty.

Asunto(s)

Femenino , Humanos , Animales , Endocrinología/instrumentación , Hormonas/fisiología , Contaminantes Ambientales , Preñez/fisiología , Rumiantes/fisiología , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria

RESUMEN

Diversos poluentes ambientais têm sido identificados como desreguladores endócrinos (DE). Estes agentes exógenos, além de interferirem negativamente na fisiologia hormonal, prejudicam a saúde reprodutiva de animais e humanos, gerando grandes preocupações entre comunidades científicas, bem como no âmbito da saúde pública. Esta revisão tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir estudos que relatam alterações reprodutivas causadas pela exposição a desreguladores endócrinos, enfatizando os efeitos nocivos sobre a foliculogênese, a maturação oocitária, o desenvolvimento embrionário, a gestação e a puberdade.(AU)

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Several environmental pollutants have been identified as endocrine disruptors (ED). These exogenous agents, in addition to negatively influence hormonal physiology, undermine the reproductive health of animals and humans, sparking concerns among scientific communities, as well as within public health. This review aims to demonstrate and discuss studies that have reported reproductive changes caused by exposure to endocrine disrupters, emphasizing the harmful effects on folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, embryo development, pregnancy and puberty.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Animales , Femenino , Contaminantes Ambientales , Rumiantes/fisiología , Endocrinología/instrumentación , Hormonas/fisiología , Preñez/fisiología , Técnicas de Maduración In Vitro de los Oocitos/veterinaria , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de bagaço de caju desidratado (BCD), durante o pós-parto, em 41 ovelhas, alojadas com suas crias em baias, onde recebiam, à vontade, 75 por cento de capim-elefante + 25 por cento de concentrado (DI; n=17), ou 50 por cento de BCD + 25 por cento de capim-elefante + 25 por cento de concentrado (DII; n=24). Cinquenta dias pós-parto, o estro foi sincronizado, e as ovelhas submetidas à monta natural. O grupo DI perdeu mais peso (P<0,05), e o consumo de proteína bruta e de fibra em detergente neutro foi maior nesse grupo (P<0,001). A inclusão de BCD na dieta II induziu ao aumento do consumo de matéria seca, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente ácido (P<0,001) e redução significativa das concentrações de colesterol, lipídios totais, albumina e proteína total (P<0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos (P>0,05) no tempo de retorno do primeiro corpo lúteo funcional, na resposta à sincronização do estro e nas taxas de gestação e prolificidade. A inclusão de 50 por cento de BCD amenizou as perdas de peso, foi bem consumida e não influenciou nas respostas reprodutivas após a sincronização do estro.

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The effect of the addition of dehydrated cashew apple bagasse (DCB) to the diet on ewe postpartum response was evaluated on 41 ewes, housed with their kids in pens, where they received two diets containing 75 percent of Elephant Grass plus 25 percent of concentrate (Diet I; n=17), or 50 percent of DCB plus 25 percent of Elephant Grass plus 25 percent of concentrate (Diet II; n=24). On the 50th day postpartum, estrus was synchronized and ewes mated. Diet Igroup exhibited a greater loss of live weight (P<0.05) and higher intakes of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (P<0.001). By contrast, animals from diet II showed a significantly increase in dry matter, ether extract, and acid detergent fiber intakes (P<0.001), and lower plasmatic concentrations of cholesterol, total lipids, albumin, and total protein (P<0.001). No differences were found between groups (P>0.05) for the presence of first functionally CL, estrus synchronization response, and gestation or prolificity rates. Thus, the addition of DCB to the diet was well accepted, induced a reduction of weight loss, and did not affect the reproductive response of ewes.

Asunto(s)

Animales , Multimezclas , Ovinos/clasificación , Metabolismo/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiología

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se o efeito da adição de bagaço de caju desidratado (BCD), durante o pós-parto, em 41 ovelhas, alojadas com suas crias em baias, onde recebiam, à vontade, 75 por cento de capim-elefante + 25 por cento de concentrado (DI; n=17), ou 50 por cento de BCD + 25 por cento de capim-elefante + 25 por cento de concentrado (DII; n=24). Cinquenta dias pós-parto, o estro foi sincronizado, e as ovelhas submetidas à monta natural. O grupo DI perdeu mais peso (P<0,05), e o consumo de proteína bruta e de fibra em detergente neutro foi maior nesse grupo (P<0,001). A inclusão de BCD na dieta II induziu ao aumento do consumo de matéria seca, extrato etéreo e fibra em detergente ácido (P<0,001) e redução significativa das concentrações de colesterol, lipídios totais, albumina e proteína total (P<0,001). Não houve diferença entre os grupos (P>0,05) no tempo de retorno do primeiro corpo lúteo funcional, na resposta à sincronização do estro e nas taxas de gestação e prolificidade. A inclusão de 50 por cento de BCD amenizou as perdas de peso, foi bem consumida e não influenciou nas respostas reprodutivas após a sincronização do estro.(AU)

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The effect of the addition of dehydrated cashew apple bagasse (DCB) to the diet on ewe postpartum response was evaluated on 41 ewes, housed with their kids in pens, where they received two diets containing 75 percent of Elephant Grass plus 25 percent of concentrate (Diet I; n=17), or 50 percent of DCB plus 25 percent of Elephant Grass plus 25 percent of concentrate (Diet II; n=24). On the 50th day postpartum, estrus was synchronized and ewes mated. Diet Igroup exhibited a greater loss of live weight (P<0.05) and higher intakes of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (P<0.001). By contrast, animals from diet II showed a significantly increase in dry matter, ether extract, and acid detergent fiber intakes (P<0.001), and lower plasmatic concentrations of cholesterol, total lipids, albumin, and total protein (P<0.001). No differences were found between groups (P>0.05) for the presence of first functionally CL, estrus synchronization response, and gestation or prolificity rates. Thus, the addition of DCB to the diet was well accepted, induced a reduction of weight loss, and did not affect the reproductive response of ewes.(AU)

Asunto(s)

Animales , Ovinos/clasificación , Multimezclas , Reproducción/fisiología , Metabolismo/fisiología

RESUMEN

Seventeen adult and cyclic Moxoto goats were synchronized using 60 mg MPA vaginal sponge for 11 days and 50 mug cloprostenol, 48 h before sponge removal, and superovulated with 120 mg pFSH i.m. in decreasing doses at 12 h intervals for three consecutive days. In seven goats, 0.2 IU/kg BW/day of long acting insulin was subcutaneously injected at same time as pFSH, and in the other five goats, the same dose of insulin was injected for three consecutive days starting 24 h after mating. Finally, five goats were supplemented with an oral dose of 80 ml/goat/day of propylene glycol continuously during the experiment. The animals were flushed at 7 days after mating and the embryos were classified based on International Embryo Transfer Society criteria. Blood samples were collected every 3 days for insulin assay. Administration of insulin raised the insulin levels of the goats (p < 0.05), whereas in the group treated with propylene glycol, insulin rate was different only between FSH treatment and after mating (p < 0.05). Similar rates of recovery for total (80.05 +/- 9.78%) or transferable structures (61.03 +/- 15.13%) were obtained. Treatment was not influenced (p > 0.05) by responsiveness to superovulation, which averaged 64%. By contrast, insulin treatments were shown to increase the number of embryos considered excellent with respect to goats supplemented with propylene glycol (p < 0.05). When insulin was given before mating, a strong relationship (r = 0. 90) (p < 0.05) between number of transferable embryo and ovulations was observed in the animals. In conclusion, superovulated goats treated with low doses of exogenous insulin resulted in an enhancement in embryo quality, which was related to changes in circulating insulin concentrations.

Asunto(s)

Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Cabras/fisiología , Insulina/farmacología , Propilenglicol/farmacología , Superovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Animales , Cruzamiento , Femenino , Inyecciones Subcutáneas/veterinaria , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Propilenglicol/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 1 M dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PROH) and glycerol (GLY) to cryopreserve primordial follicles. The first evaluation was performed soon after cryopreservation and the second evaluation after 4 days of in vitro culture, using the cryoprotectants that allowed the higher results (higher follicular survival rate) after cryopreservation. The results after follicular isolation (control) and cryopreservation using 1 M DMSO, EG, PROH and GLY showed that the mean number (+/- SEM) of live follicles per millilitre was 3204 (100%) +/- 319.27, 2798 (87%) +/- 239.14, 2492 (78%) +/- 345.8, 448 (14%) +/- 46.3 and 208 (7%) +/- 75.26, respectively. Higher follicular survival was reported when DMSO and EG were used. Control follicles and follicles cryopreserved with these two cryoprotectants were cultured and the percentage of follicular survival was 55% (control), 42% (EG) and 34% (DMSO). Similar results were found between control and follicles cryopreserved with EG. In conclusion, 1 M EG is the most effective cryoprotectant to preserve primordial follicles isolated from ovaries of sheep.

Asunto(s)

Criopreservación/veterinaria , Crioprotectores/farmacología , Folículo Ovárico/fisiología , Ovinos , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Criopreservación/métodos , Femenino , Glicerol/farmacología , Propilenglicol/farmacología , Pruebas de Toxicidad

RESUMEN

In order to evaluate embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) ewes superovulated with porcine follicle-stimulating hormone, 20 cycling ewes were used as embryo donors and allocated into two groups according to age: group 1 (ewes aged 1-2 years; n = 9) or group 2 (ewes aged 3-4 years; n = 11). Embryo recovery was performed by laparotomy 5-6 days after oestrus. The evaluation of embryos was made under stereomicroscope according to International Embryo Transfer Society rules. The overall recovery rate was 64.6% (5.0 +/- 0.7 structures per ewe) and 86.3% of the recovered structures were fertilized. Group 1 was superior (p < 0.05) to group 2 according to recovered (6.6 +/- 0.9 vs 3.6 +/- 0.8) and fertilized structures (5.6 +/- 1.1 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.7) per ewe. In conclusion, the ovarian response and the embryo production in Morada Nova (white variety) sheep subjected to a standard superovulation treatment were considered satisfactory. In addition, the use of multiple ovulation and embryo transfer in younger ewes ( < or = 2 years old) of this sheep breed appears to be an efficient tool to accelerate the preservation of the Morada Nova (white variety) breed, since younger ewes are as responsive as older ones.

Asunto(s)

Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Transferencia de Embrión/veterinaria , Preñez/fisiología , Ovinos/embriología , Ovinos/fisiología , Factores de Edad , Animales , Brasil , Femenino , Laparoscopía/veterinaria , Inducción de la Ovulación , Embarazo , Superovulación