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PURPOSE: This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. METHODS: A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I2: 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS. CONCLUSION: Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS.

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BACKGROUND: Telemedicine has become more relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, medical students and professionals do not acquire competences in telemedicine during their training. Our objective was to describe the self-reported perception and baseline knowledge of telemedicine among medical students and professionals enrolled in a virtual course. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included physicians or medical students aged 18 years or older who were interested in a free virtual telemedicine course and who completed the data collection questionnaire. We used a Likert scale to assess the self-reported perceptions of four domains related to telemedicine. The participants were grouped into three levels for each domain: low, medium and high. We also objectively assessed telemedicine knowledge by means of 10 questions, with a cut-off point of 50% of correct answers. The Fisher's exact test, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the comparison of categorical data. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: We included 161 participants: 118 medical students and 43 physicians. We observed no significant differences between medical students and physicians in self-reported perceptions of knowledge, security, or utility of telemedicine. However, students had a high self-reported perception of the disadvantages of telemedicine especially related to patient security (p = 0.018), efficiency of care (p = 0.040), and the possibility of medical malpractice (p = 0.010) compared to physicians. Nearly half of the students (n = 53,44.9%) and physicians (n = 22,51.7%) answered 50% or more of the questions related to telemedicine knowledge correctly. CONCLUSION: Among the physicians and medical students enrolled in the course, the students perceived the disadvantages of telemedicine more frequently. Although physicians and students have limited knowledge of telemedicine, there appears to be no influence of experience and prior training in telemedicine.

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Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el tratamiento farmacológico inicial nefritis lúpica en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para tratamiento farmacológico inicial de adultos con nefritis lúpica clase I a V no refractarios en EsSalud. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos, el cual formuló preguntas clínicas. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y ­cuando fue considerado pertinente­ estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. Se evaluó la certeza de evidencia usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. La GPC fue revisada por expertos externos antes de su aprobación. Resultados: La GPC abordó 6 preguntas clínicas, divididas en 2 temas: tratamiento inicial de la fase de inducción y mantenimiento. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 11 recomendaciones (todas condicionales), 22 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 2 flujogramas. Conclusión: Se emitieron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para el manejo de pacientes con esta patología.

Introduction: This article summarizes the clinical practice guideline (CPG) for initial pharmacological treatment of lupus nephritis in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). Objective: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for initial pharmacological treatment of adults with non-refractory class I to V lupus nephritis in EsSalud. Material and Methods: A guideline development group (GDG) was formed that included medical specialists and methodologists, which formulated clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews and -when considered pertinent- primary studies were performed in PubMed during 2021. Evidence was selected to answer each of the clinical questions posed. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic working meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. The CPG was reviewed by external experts before approval. Results: The CPG addressed 6 clinical questions, divided into 2 topics: initial treatment of the induction phase and maintenance. Based on these questions, 11 recommendations (all conditional), 22 points of good clinical practice, and 2 flowcharts were formulated. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations were issued for the management of patients with this pathology.

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Introducción: El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para el tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial del cáncer de próstata localizado y localmente avanzado en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Objetivo: Proveer recomendaciones clínicas basadas en evidencia para el tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial de adultos con cáncer de próstata localizado y localmente avanzado en EsSalud. Material y Métodos: Se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó médicos especialistas y metodólogos, el cual formuló preguntas clínicas. Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y ­cuando fue considerado pertinente­ estudios primarios en PubMed durante el 2020 y 2021. Se seleccionó la evidencia para responder cada una de las preguntas clínicas planteadas. Se evaluó la certeza de evidencia usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones de trabajo periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y formular las recomendaciones. La GPC fue revisada por expertos externos antes de su aprobación. Resultados: La GPC abordó 06 preguntas clínicas, divididas en 03 temas: tamizaje, diagnóstico, y tratamiento inicial. En base a dichas preguntas se formularon 08 recomendaciones (04 fuertes y 04 condicionales), 10 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y 04 flujogramas. Conclusión: Se emitieron recomendaciones basadas en evidencia para el manejo de pacientes con esta patología.

Background:This article summarizes the clinical practice guide (CPG) for the screening, diagnosis, and initial treatment of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer in the Social Security of Peru (EsSalud). To provide evidence-Objective:based clinical recommendations for the screening, diagnosis, and initial treatment of adults with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer in EsSalud. Methods: Aguideline developmentgroup(GDG)wasformed,whichincluded specialist physicians and methodologists, who formulated clinical questions. Systematic searches of systematic reviews were conducted and - when deemed relevant - primary studies in PubMed during 2020 and 2021. Evidence was selected to answer each of the proposed clinical questions. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic working meetings, the GEG used the GRADE methodology to review the evidence and formulate recommendations. The CPG was reviewed by external experts before its approval. The CPG Results: addressed 06 clinical questions, divided into 03 topics: screening, diagnosis, and initial treatment. Based on these questions, 08 recommendations were formulated (04 strong and 04 conditional), 10 points of good clinical practice, and 04 flow charts. Conclusion: Evidence-based recommendations were issued for the management of patients with this pathology

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Introducción: La Sociedad Científica Médico Estudiantil Peruana (SOCIMEP), a través de su Comité Académico, planifica y realiza actividades de educación médica, tales como conferencias y talleres. Objetivo: Describir las actividades académicas organizadas por las sociedades científicas de estudiantes de medicina (SOCEM) del Perú durante los años 2015 - 2018. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se revisaron 119 reportes de actividades realizadas por las SOCEM afiliadas a SOCIMEP. Dichas actividades fueron reportadas a través de un formato estandarizado, en el cual se registran las principales características de la actividad y temática abordadas. Resultados: Se reportó un total de 783 actividades (2015=68, 2016=70, 2017=263, 2018=382) que sumaron una duración de 3 661 horas académicas e involucraron a 24 050 asistentes. Se observó que el mayor número de actividades organizadas abarcó temas del área de ciencias clínicas. Las actividades basadas en el aprendizaje entre pares fueron frecuentes (27,2 por ciento) y con un incremento del 8,8 por ciento al 28,8 por ciento durante los cuatro años. Conclusión: En el Perú, los estudiantes de medicina a través de las SOCEM realizan un gran número de actividades de educación médica, especialmente en ciencias clínicas. Estas actividades complementan la formación tanto de los estudiantes que participan como organizadores de actividades académicas como de los asistentes(AU)

Introduction: The Peruvian Student Medical Scientific Society (SOCIMEP), through its Academic Committee, plans and carries out medical education activities such as conferences and workshops. Objective: To describe the academic activities organized by the scientific societies of medical students (SOCEM) of Peru during 2015 - 2018. Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive study. A total of 119 reports of activities carried out by the SOCEM affiliated with SOCIMEP were reviewed. These activities were reported through a standardized format, in which the main characteristics of the activity and the topic addressed are recorded. Results: A total of 783 activities (2015=68, 2016=70, 2017=263, 2018=382), which totaled 3,661 academic hours and involved 24,050 participants, were reported. It was observed that the largest number of organized activities covered topics around clinical sciences. Activities based on peer learning were frequent (27.2 percent), with an increase from 8.8 percent to 28.8 percent during the four years. Conclusion: In Peru, medical students carry out many medical education activities through SOCEMs, especially in clinical sciences. These activities complement the training of both the students who participate as organizers of academic activities and those who attend them(AU)

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