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INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents is rising. Thyroid function has been associated with insulin resistance. There is scarce information about how thyroid function could be related with cardiovascular risk or glucose homeostasis in adolescent. AIM: To analyze how thyroid function is associated with insulin resistance and another cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adolescents with risk factors to develop diabetes. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional analysis was carried out on euthyroid, adolescents. considered at high risk to develop Type 2 diabetes. Fasting blood samples were obtained. Thyroid function test and another cardiometabolic parameters were assessed. A 75 grams oral glucose tolerance test was performed to calculate insulin resistance. RESULTS: One hundred adolescents were evaluated. The mean age was 15.9 ± 0.8 years, There is a negative correlation between Fasting insulin, post glucose load insulin and HOMA IR. There were no correlation with Matsuda index. We could not found any correlation with TSH values. CONCLUSIONS: We found a correlation between fasting insulin, HOMA IR and serum thyroid hormones, we did not find any relation with serum TSH. In euthyroid adolescents with risk factors to develop diabetes.

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The aim of this paper was to determine in 32 patients from 4 different Mexican hospitals the frequency of opportunistic bacteria in the 2010 to 2011 time period. The patients were divided in 4 groups. Group 1 included 21 HIV positive patients with acute respiratory syndrome. Four HIV positive patients with tuberculosis symptoms were included in Group 2; two patients with tuberculosis symptoms and one asymptomatic person formed Group 3. Reference Group 4 included 4 patients from whom 4 strains of Mycobacterium spp. had been reported. The strains were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA gene amplification, API 20E and 50CH, biochemical test, and antibiotic sensitivity. The strains found were 10 Pantoea agglomerans, 6 Mycobacterium spp., 6 Pseudomonas spp. and 10 strains of normal floral species: Thermoactinomycetes bacterium (1), Enterococcus faecium (2), Bacillus licheniformis (1), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (2), Streptococcus oralis (2), Streptococcus anginosus (1), and Enterobacter hormaechei (1).

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Endothelial dysfunction is a fundamental characteristic in the physiopathology of preeclampsia. Currently, a series of markers which explain endothelial dysfunction have been identified. The recognition of endothelial dysfunction has been used to realize an early diagnosis of preeclampsia, as soon as the classification of a possible prognosis. Nevertheless the detection of these markers is not accessible to the majority of hospitable centers that treat patients with preeclampsia. One indirect marker of endothelial dysfunction with a greater accessibility is the assessment of peripheral blood smear. Several studies had proved the presence of endothelial dysfunction by identification of red blood cells crenated in peripheral blood smear led us also to measure the impact in the evolution of the disease.

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Intrathecal injection of phenol (ITP) has been used to control intractable pain and spasticity. Direct caustic nerve damage has been postulated as the mechanism of analgesia. Sensation is commonly recovered, suggesting that a spontaneous regeneration process takes place. There is, however, a lack of mechanistic information on ITP therapy. To define morphologically the neurolysis and regeneration phenomena produced by ITP, anesthetized rats were subjected to laminectomy at L5; 5 microl of 22% phenol in saline solution or vehicle (control) was injected. Light and electron microscopy studies of nerve roots were performed at 2, 14, and 60 days after injection. Rats given ITP showed at the early stage a variable amount of roots with signs of infarction characterized by loss of axon-myelin units and thrombosis of intra-root vessels. At 14 days, abundance of macrophages removing debris, open vessels, and nerve sprouts was identified in damaged roots. At this time, non-myelinating glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive Schwann cells were observed in both damaged and apparently undamaged roots. At 60 days, abundance of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase-positive Schwann cells myelinating newly formed axons was observed in damaged roots. Control rats did not show signs of neural or vascular pathology. Attempting to prevent thrombosis, another group of rats received heparin before ITP; these anti-coagulated rats developed radicular thrombosis, neurolysis, and hemorrhage. In conclusion, neurolysis produced by ITP is associated with acute ischemia (not prevented by heparin) and is followed by vascular, nerve, and myelin regeneration. Our results help understand the lack of efficacy of and some complications by ITP clinical therapy.

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INTRODUCTION: Vasoconstriction is a major pathophysiologic finding in preeclampsia due to hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and a consequent increase in concentration of plasmatic catecholamine. Thus, vasodilatation produced by secondary sympathetic block to lumbar epidural blockade favors control of high blood pressure in patients with severe preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate whether lumbar epidural blockade with bupivacaine 0.25% decreases high blood pressure of patients with severe preeclampsia within a lapse of 6 h in comparison with customary antihypertensive treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An open, randomized, controlled trial was carried out in 24 pregnant patients with 30 weeks of gestational age or more and diagnosis of severe preeclampsia who entered the Intensive Care Uni of the IMEIM Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics for hemodynamic stabilization and resolution of pregnancy. Group 1 (n = 12) was managed with customary antihypertensive treatment and group 2 (n = 12), with lumbar epidural blockade and bupivacaine 0.25%: 10 mg in bolus and 5 mg/h continuous epidural infusion. Patients were monitored non-invasively and with continuous clinical monitoring with MAP, SAP, and DAP during 6 h. Statistical analysis employed consisted of ANOVA measurement repeats. RESULTS: In MAP and SAP, there were no significant differences between the two groups; DAP in first and second h of treatment had significant differences between the two groups (p value of < or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar epidural blockade with bupivacaine 0.25% can be used as a therapeutic alternative in high blood pressure control in patients with severe preeclampsia during the the first 6 h of hemodynamic stabilization.

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