RESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AODs), and mental health problems. This study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7420 Mexicans ages 18 to 24-two-thirds of whom are women-completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major Depressive Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre- and in the first year of the pandemic. The harmful use of AOD rates were similar to those reported by adolescents before. The findings suggest asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women at a higher risk). More men than women have engaged in the harmful use of AODs (except for sedatives, which more women abuse). More women than men were at risk of all mental health conditions. The path model indicates that being a victim of intimate violence predicts the harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives, depression, anxiety, and specific PTSD symptoms (such as re-experimentation and avoidance symptoms). Being a victim of interpersonal violence resulted in severe PTSD symptoms (including avoidance, negative alterations in cognition-mood, and hyperarousal signs). The harmful use of sedatives predicted depressive symptoms. Men's victimizing intimate violence model contrasted with that of women, which included being the victim of interpersonal violence and severe PTSD symptoms. The high school youth model had three paths: victimizing intimate violence, victimizing interpersonal abuse, and sedative use, which predicted depression. Our findings could serve as the basis for future studies exploring the mechanisms that predict violence to develop cost-effective preventive programs and public policies and to address mental health conditions during community emergencies.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Violencia de Pareja , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Pandemias , Depresión/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Violencia , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The present study analyzes the main barriers and adaptations to brief interventions that focus on addictive behavior treatments carried out in clinical settings by 756 health professionals during their adoption process in 350 Primary Attention Units in Mexico. METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and consisted in the application of an instrument that explored diverse aspects, such as knowledge about evidence based brief intervention (BI) programs, barriers during the execution, and adaptations of the BI. RESULTS: the main barriers were related to the implementation of sessions and the user's characteristics such as educational level. As a consequence, the main adaptations were related to the increase in the number of sessions, modifying their length and changing the sequence as well as the proposed material in the manuals. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the possibility of systematizing the adaptations made by health professionals in order to evaluate their effectiveness.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Este estudio analiza las barreras y adaptaciones realizadas en la práctica por 756 profesionales de la salud a Intervenciones breves para conductas adictivas durante el proceso de transferencia y adopción en 350 Unidades de Atención Primaria de México. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transeccional en el cual se aplicó un instrumento que exploró los conocimientos sobre las IB basadas en evidencia, barreras en la implementación y adaptaciones realizadas a las IB. RESULTADOS: las principales barreras son las relacionadas con la impartición de las sesiones y características de los usuarios como el nivel de escolaridad y por tanto, las principales adaptaciones tienen que ver con mayor número de sesiones, cambios en la duración y en el orden de las mismas así como en los materiales que se proponen en los manuales. CONCLUSIÓN: Se analiza la posibilidad de sistematizar las adaptaciones realizadas por los profesionales de la salud para evaluar su eficacia.