RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the transition of care from the perspective of cancer patients, in a Southern Brazil hospital, correlating perspectives with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. METHOD: Cross-sectional study using the Care Transitions Measure (CTM) with cancer patients undergoing clinical or surgical treatment following hospital discharge. Data collection was completed by telephone, between June and September 2019. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The average CTM score was 74.1, which was considered satisfactory. The CTM factors: understanding about medications (83.3) and preparation for self-management (77.7) were deemed satisfactory; while: secured preferences (69.4) and care plan (66.1) were unsatisfactory for an effective and safe care transition. No statistically significant difference was found between sociodemographic variables and the CTM. Among the clinical variables, primary cancer and the secured preferences factor showed a significant difference (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: The transition from hospital care to the community was considered satisfactory in the overall assessment.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Biofilms are essential for plant-associated bacteria to colonize their host. In this work, we analysed the interaction of Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 and Pseudomonas fluorescens A506 in mixed macrocolony biofilms. We identified certain culture conditions where A. baldaniorum Sp245 exploits P. fluorescens A506 to boost its growth. Azospirillum growth increased proportionally to the initial number of pseudomonads building the biofilm, which in turn were negatively affected in their growth. Physical contact with P. fluorescens A506 was essential for A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth increase. Biofilm ultrastructure analysis revealed that Pseudomonas produces a thick structure that hosts Azospirillum cells in its interior. Additional experimentation demonstrated that Azospirillum growth boost is compromised when interacting with biofilm-deficient Pseudomonas mutants, and that a low oxygen concentration strongly induce A. baldaniorum Sp245 growth, overriding Pseudomonas stimulation. In this line, we used a microaerophilia reporter strain of A. baldaniorum Sp245 to confirm that dual-species macrocolonies contain a higher number of cells under microaerophilic conditions. Taking all the results into consideration, we propose that A. baldaniorum Sp245 can benefit from P. fluorescens A506 partnership in mixed biofilms by taking advantage of the low oxygen concentration and scaffold made up of Pseudomonas-derived matrix, to expand its growth.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Wet coal beneficiation in Colombia is prohibitive due to the high cost and scarcity of commonly used dense media. The practical value of this study is that it demonstrates for the first time that a common fertilizer, calcium nitrate, can be used in the beneficiation of low-grade Colombian coals. Three high-ash low-grade Colombian coals (Valle, Cundinamarca, and Antioquia) commonly used in Colombian sugar mill stoker furnaces were tested. Coal mineralogy and prevalence were analyzed before and after washing using mineral liberation analysis. The swelling potential of the coals was assessed using a novel application of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) and an ash fusion oven (AFO). Calcium nitrate reduced ash levels across all size fractions, even for high-ash coals like Valle (29% to below 7%) to acceptable levels for coke manufacturing or pulverized fuel combustion. The novel use of TMA and AFO to analyze coal swelling demonstrated that swelling varies under constrained and unconstrained conditions and the small sample size allows for rapid testing of coal swelling. This study has demonstrated that the use of common fertilizers can allow beneficiation to become a processing option for low-grade coals in Official Development Assistance countries where conventional dense media is prohibitively expensive.

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the transition of care from the perspective of cancer patients, in a Southern Brazil hospital, correlating perspectives with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional study using the Care Transitions Measure (CTM) with cancer patients undergoing clinical or surgical treatment following hospital discharge. Data collection was completed by telephone, between June and September 2019. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The average CTM score was 74.1, which was considered satisfactory. The CTM factors: understanding about medications (83.3) and preparation for self-management (77.7) were deemed satisfactory; while: secured preferences (69.4) and care plan (66.1) were unsatisfactory for an effective and safe care transition. No statistically significant difference was found between sociodemographic variables and the CTM. Among the clinical variables, primary cancer and the secured preferences factor showed a significant difference (p = 0.044). Conclusion: The transition from hospital care to the community was considered satisfactory in the overall assessment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a transição do cuidado na perspectiva de pacientes oncológicos, em um hospital do sul do Brasil, correlacionando perspectivas com características sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: Estudo transversal utilizando o Care Transitions Measure (CTM) com pacientes oncológicos em tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico após a alta hospitalar. A coleta de dados foi realizada por telefone entre junho e setembro de 2019. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A pontuação média do CTM de 74,1, foi considerada satisfatória. Os fatores CTM: compreensão sobre medicamentos (83,3) e preparo para autocuidado (77,7) foram satisfatórios, enquanto: preferências garantidas (69,4) e plano de cuidados (66,1) foram insatisfatórios para uma transição de cuidado efetiva e segura. Não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e o CTM. Entre as variáveis clínicas, o câncer primário e o fator de preferências garantidas apresentaram diferenças significativas (p = 0,044). Conclusão A transição da assistência hospitalar para a comunidade foi considerada satisfatória na avaliação geral.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la transición de la atención desde la perspectiva de los pacientes con cáncer en un hospital del sur de Brasil, correlacionando las perspectivas con las características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: Estudio transversal utilizando el Care Transitions Measure (CTM) con pacientes oncológicos en tratamiento clínico o quirúrgico tras el alta hospitalaria. La recogida de datos se realizó por teléfono entre junio y septiembre de 2019. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: La puntuación media de la CTM, 74,1, se consideró satisfactoria. Los factores de la CTM: comprensión sobre la medicación (83,3) y preparación para el autocuidado (77,7) fueron satisfactorios, mientras que: preferencias garantizadas (69,4) y plan de cuidados (66,1) fueron insatisfactorios para una transición de cuidados eficaz y segura. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables sociodemográficas y las medidas de CTM. Entre las variables clínicas, el cáncer primario y el factor de preferencias garantizadas mostraron diferencias significativas (p = 0,044). Conclusión: La transición de la atención hospitalaria a la comunitaria se consideró satisfactoria en la evaluación global. (175 palavras)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is associated with clinical outcomes in people with a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but factors associated with length of DUP are still poorly understood. Aiming to obtain insights into the possible biological impact on DUP, we report genetic analyses of a large multi-center phenotypically well-defined sample encompassing individuals with a diagnosis of FEP recruited from 6 countries spanning 17 research sites, as part of the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Genetic propensity was measured using polygenic scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PGS), bipolar disorder (BD-PGS), major depressive disorder (MDD-PGS), and intelligence (IQ-PGS), which were calculated based on the results from the most recent genome-wide association meta-analyses. Following imputation for missing data and log transformation of DUP to handle skewedness, the association between DUP and polygenic scores (PGS), adjusting for important confounders, was investigated with multivariable linear regression models. The sample comprised 619 individuals with a diagnosis of FEP disorders with a median age at first contact of 29.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 22.0-38.0). The median length of DUP in the sample was 10.1 weeks (IQR = 3.8-30.8). One SD increases in SZ-PGS, BD-PGS, MDD-PGS or IQ-PGS were not significantly associated with the length of DUP. Our results suggest that genetic variation does not contribute to the DUP in patients with a diagnosis of FEP disorders.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Human bites are an infrequent cause of emergency department visits and hospital admissions. There are rarely published cases of complicated infection, such as infective endocarditis. We present a rare case of a patient with acute infective endocarditis in a healthy native valve and purulent pericarditis from a human bite. A 40-year-old man with obesity suffered deep human bites by an adult woman, with two deep lesions in the anterior thorax and one superficial lesion in the upper abdomen and admitted in intensive care unit with septic shock and a persistent aortic murmur. Echocardiography described evidence of vegetation, perforation and severe regurgitation of aortic valve. Scanner described moderate pericardial effusion. Cardiac surgery was performed, with evidence of purulent pericardial effusion after pericardiotomy, and subsequently aortic valve replacement with a 25 mm bioprosthesis. The patient showed positive progress.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumen: Introducción: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) seguidos por los servicios de medicina interna son más ancianos y presentan más comorbilidades asociadas. Por ello presentan un riesgo elevado de ingreso hospitalario y de mortalidad. En este estudio se evaluaron los objetivos alcanzados en términos de ingresos, visitas a urgencias y mortalidad, así como la actividad realizada para conseguirlos, en una unidad dirigida a este perfil de pacientes y caracterizada por una atención integral y continuada (programa UMIPIC). Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente los datos de los 329 pacientes con IC atendidos en la unidad de IC, modelo UMIPIC, del servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital de Lugo. Se recogieron desde enero del 2020, hasta diciembre 2020 los ingresos por IC y totales, las visitas a urgencias por IC y totales, la mortalidad, las consultas realizadas, y los rescates realizados en régimen de hospital de día (HDD). Resultados: Se recogieron 108 ingresos, 40 por IC y 68 por otras causas, 99 visitas a urgencias, 25 por IC y 74 por otras causas. Se produjeron 57 fallecimientos, 37 fueron en el hospital (15 por IC, 12 por otras causas) y 20 fueron extra-hospitalarios. Se realizaron 1179 consultas médico-enfermería, 1554 consultas de enfermería exclusiva y se realizaron 406 tratamientos en HDD. Conclusiones: Los estándares de actividad y resultados conseguidos pueden ser orientativos de la actividad a desarrollar en una unidad de IC modelo UMIPIC.

Abstract: Introduction: Patients with heart failure (HF) followed by internal medicine services are older and have more associated comorbidities. For this reason, they present a high risk of hospital admission and mortality. In this study, the objectives achieved in terms of admissions, emergency room visits and mortality, as well as the activity carried out to achieve them, were evaluated in a unit aimed at this patient profile and characterized by comprehensive and continuous care (UMIPIC program). Methods: The data of the 329 patients with HF treated in the HF unit, model UMIPIC, of the Internal Medicine service of the Hospital de Lugo, were retrospectively analyzed. From January 2020, to December 2020, total and HF admissions, total and HF emergency visits, mortality, consultations made, and rescues performed in a day hospital (HDD) were collected. Results: 108 admissions were collected, 40 for HF and 68 for other causes, 99 visits to the emergency room, 25 for HF and 74 for other causes. There were 57 deaths, 37 were in the hospital (15 due to HF, 12 due to other causes) and 20 were extra-hospital. 1179 medical-nursing consultations were carried out, 1554 exclusive nursing consultations and 406 treatments were carried out in HDD. Conclusions: The activity standards and results achieved can be indicative of the activity to be carried out in an IC model UMIPIC unit.

Resumo: Introdução: Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) acompanhados por serviços de medicina interna são mais velhos e apresentam mais comorbidades associadas. Portanto, apresentam alto risco de admissão hospitalar e mortalidade. Neste estudo, os objetivos alcançados em termos de internações, atendimentos de emergência e mortalidade, bem como a atividade desenvolvida para os atingir, foram avaliados numa unidade dirigida a este perfil de doente e caracterizada por um atendimento integral e contínuo (programa UMIPIC). Métodos: Foram analisados ​​retrospectivamente os dados dos 329 pacientes com IC atendidos na unidade de IC, modelo UMIPIC, do serviço de Clínica Médica do Hospital de Lugo. No período de janeiro de 2020 a dezembro de 2020, foram coletadas internações totais e por IC, atendimentos totais e de emergência por IC, mortalidade, consultas realizadas e resgates realizados em regime de hospital-dia (HDD). Resultados: foram coletadas 108 internações, sendo 40 por IC e 68 por outras causas, 99 visitas ao pronto-socorro, 25 por IC e 74 por outras causas. Ocorreram 57 óbitos, 37 foram hospitalares (15 por IC, 12 por outras causas) e 20 extra-hospitalares. Foram realizadas 1179 consultas médico-enfermagem, 1554 consultas exclusivas de enfermagem e 406 atendimentos em HDD. Conclusões: Os padrões de atividade e os resultados alcançados podem ser indicativos da atividade a ser desenvolvida numa unidade IC modelo UMIPIC.

RESUMEN

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a confiabilidade e validade das propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira do instrumento para Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal quantitativo, realizado com profissionais da equipe multiprofissional atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde de um município da região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O instrumento utilizado foi "Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária à Saúde". Resultados: O Alfa de Cronbach foi considerado satisfatório. A análise fatorial alcançou cargas satisfatórias no conjunto de seus fatores. O instrumento apresentou viabilidade de aplicação e potencial de avaliação da estrutura para a qual se propõe. Conclusão: A versão brasileira do questionário mostrou-se válida e confiável, podendo contribuir com pesquisas sobre a cultura de segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde no país.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la confiabilidad y validez de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del instrumento "Encuesta sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente de Atención Primaria de Salud". Métodos: Estudio transversal cuantitativo, realizado con profesionales del equipo multiprofesional que trabajan en la Atención Primaria de Salud de un municipio de la región noroeste del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. El instrumento utilizado fue la "Encuesta sobre cultura de seguridad del paciente de Atención Primaria de Salud". Resultados: El alfa de Cronbach fue considerado satisfactorio. El análisis factorial alcanzó cargas satisfactorias en el conjunto de sus factores. El instrumento presentó viabilidad de aplicación y potencial de evaluación de la estructura para la que se propone. Conclusión: La versión brasileña del cuestionario demostró ser válida y confiable, de esta forma puede contribuir con estudios sobre la cultura de seguridad del paciente en la Atención Primaria de Salud en el país.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the reliability and validity of psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Survey on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with multidisciplinary team professionals working in Primary Health Care in a city in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The tool used was "Pesquisa sobre Cultura de Segurança do Paciente para Atenção Primária à Saúde" (Survey on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care). Results: Cronbach's alpha was considered satisfactory. Factorial analysis reached satisfactory loads in all its factors. The tool showed feasibility of application and potential structure assessment for which it is proposed. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable and could contribute to research on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care in the country.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El hallux valgus juvenil e infantil es una condición usualmente hereditaria y raramente sintomática en este grupo de edad, puede volverse sintomática por el inadecuado uso del calzado; el tratamiento debe comenzar con modificaciones en el calzado y el estilo de vida; el tratamiento quirúrgico está reservado para aquellos casos en que el tratamiento no quirúrgico ha fallado. No hay un único procedimiento que resuelva todas las condiciones y para tomar la decisión debe tenerse en cuenta la presencia de fisis abiertas. La cirugía esta basada en osteotomías, procedimientos de tejidos blandos o artrodesis.

Juvenile and infantile hallux valgus is usually a hereditary condition and rarely symptomatic in this age group. It can become symptomatic by the use of footwear, and treatment must begin with changes in footwear and lifestyle, Surgical treatment is reserved for those cases in which non-surgical treatment has failed. There is no single procedure that resolves all the conditions, and the presence of the open physis must be taken into account to make the decision. The surgery is based on osteotomies, soft tissue procedures, or arthrodesis.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Resumo Em 1999, o relatório "Errar é humano: construir um sistema de saúde mais seguro" do Instituto de Medicina dos Estados Unidos concluiu que a atividade de atendimento especializado não era uma prática infalível e que havia maior probabilidade de causar eventos adversos. Para reduzir os danos dos sistemas de cuidados de saúde, os países desenvolvidos concentraram seu interesse nos cidadãos a partir dos primeiros anos do século XXI. Todas as estratégias de modernização terão como objetivo melhorar a qualidade do atendimento. Nesse contexto, a segurança do paciente é um componente-chave da qualidade assistencial. Em 2003, o Hastings Center publicou o relatório "Promover a segurança do paciente: uma base ética para a deliberação de políticas", que faz uma reflexão ética das obrigações morais subjacentes à cultura de segurança desenvolvida na sequência da publicação do relatório "Errar é humano".

Abstract The "To err is human: building a safer health system" report from the United States Institute of Medicine in 1999 concluded that skilled care activity was not infallible and was likely to cause adverse events. From the early years of the twenty-first century developed countries have focused their interest on citizens in order to reduce the damage of health care systems. All modernization strategies will aim to improve the quality of care. In this context, patient safety is a key component of quality of care. In 2003 the Hastings Center published the report "Promoting patient safety: an ethical basis for policy deliberation", which provides an ethical reflection on the moral obligations underlying the safety culture developed following the publication of the report To err is human.

Resumen En 1999, el informe "Errar es humano: construir un sistema de salud más seguro" del Instituto de Medicina de los Estados Unidos llegaba a la conclusión de que la especializada actividad asistencial no era una práctica infalible y había supuesto una mayor probabilidad de ocasionar eventos adversos. Para aminorar los daños derivados de la atención sanitaria, los sistemas sanitarios de los países desarrollados centrarán su interés en el ciudadano a partir de los primeros años del siglo XXI. Todas las estrategias de modernización tendrán como objetivo la mejora de la calidad asistencial. En ese contexto, un componente fundamental de la calidad lo constituye la seguridad del paciente. En 2003, el Hastings Center publicó el informe Promoviendo la "Seguridad del paciente: una base ética para la deliberación de políticas", que realiza una reflexión ética de las obligaciones morales que subyacen en la cultura de seguridad desarrollada tras la publicación del informe "Errar es humano".

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Surface motility and biofilm formation are behaviours which enable bacteria to infect their hosts and are controlled by different chemical signals. In the plant symbiotic alpha-proteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti, the lack of long-chain fatty acyl-coenzyme A synthetase activity (FadD) leads to increased surface motility, defects in biofilm development and impaired root colonization. In this study, analyses of lipid extracts and volatiles revealed that a fadD mutant accumulates 2-tridecanone (2-TDC), a methylketone (MK) known as a natural insecticide. Application of pure 2-TDC to the wild-type strain phenocopies the free-living and symbiotic behaviours of the fadD mutant. Structural features of the MK determine its ability to promote S. meliloti surface translocation, which is mainly mediated by a flagella-independent motility. Transcriptomic analyses showed that 2-TDC induces differential expression of iron uptake, redox and stress-related genes. Interestingly, this MK also influences surface motility and impairs biofilm formation in plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, 2-TDC not only hampers alfalfa nodulation but also the development of tomato bacterial speck disease. This work assigns a new role to 2-TDC as an infochemical that affects important bacterial traits and hampers plant-bacteria interactions by interfering with microbial colonization of plant tissues.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se utiliza la base de datos Pub Med, Cochraine, Scopus y Google Escolar para realizar una revisión sistemática del estado del arte de las complicaciones metabólicas derivadas de la cirugía bariátrica. Se realiza una reflexión de la necesidad de evaluar de forma adecuada la preoperación y cumplir con las indicaciones precisas. Debe tenerse en cuanta que se producirán cambios fisiológicos que, si bien intervendrán de manera positiva en la mayor parte de los pacientes, les producirá trastornos en el metabolismo que deben de ser tenidos en cuenta para su prevención y predicción. Se exponen los principios quirúrgicos, objetivos y clasificaciones de este tipo de cirugía. Se exponen las complicaciones con énfasis en los aspectos metabólicos y las contraindicaciones de este tipo de intervención. Se concluye que la cirugía bariátrica es un procedimiento adecuado para el tratamiento de la obesidad y control de algunos aspectos metabólicos, pero es capaz de originar nuevos aspectos, que, de no tenerse en cuenta, podrían hacer fracasar sus resultados(AU)

The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google School were used to perform a systematic review of the state of the art about the metabolic complications resulting from bariatric surgery, reflecting on the need for an adequate preoperative evaluation and compliance with accurate indications taking into account that physiological changes will occur, and that, although they will have a positive impact on most patients, this will produce metabolic disorders that must be taken into account for prevention and prediction. An outlined is presented of the surgical principles, objectives and classifications for this type of surgery. The complications are exposed, with emphasis on the metabolic aspects and contraindications of this type of intervention. The bariatric surgery has been concluded to be a suitable procedure for the treatment of obesity and control of some metabolic aspects, but it is capable of producing other new aspects that, if not taken into account, could lead to the failure of its results(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se utiliza la base de datos Pub Med, Cochraine, Scopus y Google Escolar para realizar una revisión sistemática del estado del arte de las complicaciones metabólicas derivadas de la cirugía bariátrica. Se realiza una reflexión de la necesidad de evaluar de forma adecuada la preoperación y cumplir con las indicaciones precisas. Debe tenerse en cuanta que se producirán cambios fisiológicos que, si bien intervendrán de manera positiva en la mayor parte de los pacientes, les producirá trastornos en el metabolismo que deben de ser tenidos en cuenta para su prevención y predicción. Se exponen los principios quirúrgicos, objetivos y clasificaciones de este tipo de cirugía. Se exponen las complicaciones con énfasis en los aspectos metabólicos y las contraindicaciones de este tipo de intervención. Se concluye que la cirugía bariátrica es un procedimiento adecuado para el tratamiento de la obesidad y control de algunos aspectos metabólicos, pero es capaz de originar nuevos aspectos, que, de no tenerse en cuenta, podrían hacer fracasar sus resultados(AU)

The databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Google School were used to perform a systematic review of the state of the art about the metabolic complications resulting from bariatric surgery, reflecting on the need for an adequate preoperative evaluation and compliance with accurate indications taking into account that physiological changes will occur, and that, although they will have a positive impact on most patients, this will produce metabolic disorders that must be taken into account for prevention and prediction. An outlined is presented of the surgical principles, objectives and classifications for this type of surgery. The complications are exposed, with emphasis on the metabolic aspects and contraindications of this type of intervention. The bariatric surgery has been concluded to be a suitable procedure for the treatment of obesity and control of some metabolic aspects, but it is capable of producing other new aspects that, if not taken into account, could lead to the failure of its results(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Currently video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and the evolution Uniportal VATS have a worldwide acceptance and Ecuador is not exception when we decided invited to Dr. Diego Gonzalez-Rivas pioneer surgeon in the world of single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic procedures, with the aim to provide a faster recovery of the patients compared to those who received a conventional thoracotomy. We thanks the opportunity to present a report to the first Masterclass in Uniportal VATS with live surgery, performed on February 23rd to 24th of 2017 at the Luis Vernaza Hospital in Guayaquil-Ecuador. In addition to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the uniportal VATS technique we presented a video of uniportal VATS left lower lobectomy performed by Dr. Diego Gonzalez-Rivas during the first uniportal masterclass in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Ningún ser humano está exento enfermar en algún momento de su vida o de estar expuesto a accidentes, llevándolos a situaciones indeseables, con respuestas diferentes de acuerdo a su naturaleza, agravado por el hecho frecuente de no estar preparados para afrontar tales contingencias. Frente a estos problemas del final de la vida realizamos un estudio denominado "El Consentimiento Informado en las Emergencias Neuroquirúrgicas: La Indicación de No Reanimar y de Limitar el Esfuerzo terapéutico". El estudio fue descriptivo prospectivo y transversal, mediante una encuesta anónima sobre la toma de decisión en una situación de opinión anticipada en el rol de enfermo y en el rol de quien lo subroga, en 251 personas mayores de edad de ambos sexos, de diferente estado civil, religión y ocupación, que asistieron a algunos hospitales de nuestra capital. Mediante un audio-video, se orientó a los entrevistados sobre el manejo en emergencias neuroquirúrgicas de enfermos en mal estado general, en coma, con alteración del patrón respiratorio, inestabilidad de las funciones vitales, de mal pronóstico por lesiones neurológicamente irreversibles confirmadas por imágenes que habiendo recibido tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, no existía posibilidades de recuperarlos. Las personas encuestadas respondieron la primera sección, relacionada a la situación presentada, la segunda, fue la parte relacionada a la propuesta del consentimiento informado y la tercera, sobre sus opiniones de la encuesta.

No human being is exempt sick at some point in their life or being exposed to accidents, leading to undesirable situations, with different responses according to their nature, often compounded by the fact of not being prepared for such contingencies. F aced with these problems at the end of life conducted a study called "Informed Consent in Neurosurgical Emergencies: The indication Do Not Resuscitate, and limit therapeutic efforts". The prospective descriptive study was cross, through an anonymous survey on decision making in a situation of opinion early in the sick role and the role of the user subrogated in 251 elderly men and women, of different state civil religion and occupation, attending some hospitals in our capital. Using an audio-video, was directed to respondents on emergency neurosurgical management of patients in poor general condition, in a coma, with altered breathing pattern, instability of vital functions, poor prognosis neurologically irreversible injury confirmed by images having received medical and surgical treatment, there was no chance of recovery. Respondents answered the first section, related to the situation presented, the second was the proposal related to informed consent and the third, on their views of the survey.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO: Presentamos un estudio, que trata de dilucidar la influencia de la edad y el tiempo de evolución de los síntomas, en el pronóstico tras la cirugía. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo de 66 pacientes, intervenidos debido a MCE, valorados (escala mJOA) pre y postoperatoriamente. Seguimiento de tres años. Se analizan las variables edad y tiempo de evolución clínica (TE), esta última se subdivide en dos grupos: larga evolución (>1 año), con 35 casos y corta evolución (≤ 1 año), con 31 casos, así como la variable de reciente agravación (RA). Esta última, si la enfermedad ha ido progresando de forma paulatina, sin grandes altibajos, se valora como NO (15 casos); si hubiese una aceleración en la progresión de la enfermedad antes de la intervención, se valora como SI (20 casos). RESULTADOS: La edad tuvo una correlación (r=-0,38) con significación P<0,01 con la situación clínica preoperatoria (r=-0,38) y posoperatoria (r=-0,30) p<0,05. No se encontró correlación entre la edad y la tasa de recuperación. El TE no presentó correlación con el estado clínico preoperatorio. Se encontró una correlación negativa entre el tiempo de evolución, estado clínico postoperatorio (r=-0,46) y el TR (r=-0,42) con una significación p<0,001. TR fue un 20% mayor en los pacientes con corta evolución clínica. Cuanto a la variable RA, se apreció una mayor afectación clínica preoperatoria, 1,45 puntos de media (mJOA) con significación p<0,05, así como peores tasas de recuperación (10%) que aquellos pacientes. En RA, aunque esta última sin significación estadística. CONCLUSIONES: La edad influye negativamente en la situación clínica preoperatoria y postoperatoria, no siendo predictiva cuanto a la capacidad de mejorar. El tiempo de evolución es un valor de pronóstico para la capacidad de mejorar, siendo su influencia negativa.

OBJETIVO: Apresentamos um estudo que visa esclarecer a influência da idade e do tempo de evolução dos sintomas no prognóstico depois da cirurgia. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo de 66 pacientes que sofreram intervenção devido a MCE, avaliados (escore mJOA) no pré e pós-operatório. Acompanhamento de três anos. Foram analisadas as variáveis idade e tempo de evolução clínica (TE). Esta última é subdividida em dois grupos: evolução longa (> 1 ano), com 35 casos e evolução curta (≤ 1 ano), com 31 casos, assim como a variável de agravamento recente (AR). O agravamento recente, quando a doença vem progredindo de forma paulatina, sem intercorrências importantes, é avaliado como NÃO (15 casos); nos casos de progressão da doença antes da intervenção, é avaliado como SIM (20 casos). RESULTADOS: A idade teve correlação significante com P < 0,01 no quadro clínico pré-operatório (r = -0,38) e pós-operatório, com P < 0,05 (r = -0,30). Não se encontrou correlação entre a idade e a taxa de recuperação. O TE não apresentou correlação com o estado clínico pré-operatório. Verificou-se correlação negativa entre tempo de evolução, estado clínico pós-operatório (r = -0,46) e o TR significante com P < 0,001 (r = -0,42). O TR foi 20% maior nos pacientes com evolução clínica curta. A variável AR foi maior no pré-operatório, 1,45 pontos de média (mJOA) com significância estatística de p < 0,05, além de taxas de recuperação piores (10%) do que os outros pacientes. No AR, embora sem significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A idade influi negativamente no quadro clínico pré e pós-operatório, não sendo preditiva da capacidade de melhora. O tempo de evolução é um valor prognóstico da capacidade de melhora, sendo que sua influência é negativa.

OBJECTIVE: We present a study that aims to clarify the influence of age and time of clinical evolution of symptoms on prognosis after surgery. METHOD: Prospective study of 66 patients who underwent intervention due to SCM, evaluated (mJOA score) before and after surgery. Three-year follow-up. The variables of age and time of clinical evolution (TE) were analyzed. The latter was subdivided into two groups: long-term evolution (> 1 year), with 35 cases and short-term evolution (≤ 1 year), with 31 cases, as well as the variable of recent worsening (RW). Recent worsening, when the disease has progressed gradually, without significant complications, is evaluated as NO (15 cases); in cases of disease progression before the intervention, it is evaluated as YES (20 cases). RESULTS: Age showed a significant correlation with P < 0.01 in preoperative clinical symptoms (r = -0.38) and postoperative symptoms, with P < 0.05 (r = -0.30). No correlation was found between age and recovery rate. TE did not show any correlation with preoperative state. A significant negative correlation was found between time of evolution, postoperative clinical state (r = -0.46) and TR , with P < 0.001 (r = -0.42). TR was 20% longer in patients with short clinical evolution. The variable RW was greater in the preoperative period, 1.45 points on average (mJOA), with statistical significance of p<0.05, and worse recovery rates (10%) than those of the other patients. In RW, though without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Age has a negative influence on pre- and postoperative clinical symptoms, and is not predictive of improvement capacity. Time of evolution is a prognostic value of improvement capacity, and its influence is negative.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

En neurocirugía funcional y radioneurocirugía estereotáctica, la fijación de un marco en el cráneo, permite el establecimiento de un sistema tridimensional de coordenadas, para localizar y definir con precisión los objetivos en el cerebro. El montaje se basa en la experiencia y la percepción visual del médico, pero los resultados son subjetivos y la calibración de las coordenadas del marco con respecto al cráneo no siempre es la óptima para el desarrollo del procedimiento quirúrgico. Este estudio evalúa la eficacia y la funcionalidad de un sistema auxiliar diseñado para colocar el marco estereotáctico en el cráneo. La evaluación se realiza por medio de un estudio comparativo de dos grupos de 7 pacientes cada uno sometidos a tratamiento de radioneurocirugía. En el primer grupo no es utilizado el sistema, solo en el segundo, se tomaron 165 imágenes (IRM) en promedio por cada estudio. El empleo del sistema auxiliar disminuye la variación de la inclinación y la rotación del marco con respecto al cráneo hasta un 64%, la apreciación subjetiva del médico es sustituida por una medición objetiva, obteniéndose certidumbre al posicionar el marco sobre el cráneo. Los resultados muestran que el sistema auxiliar diseñado es eficaz y funcional.

In functional neurosurgery and stereotactic radioneurosurgery, the fixation of a frame to the skull allows the establishment of a three-dimensional coordinate system, to locate and precisely defined objectives in the brain. The montage is based on experience and visual perception the doctor, the results obtained and the calibration of the coordinates of the frame with respect to the skull is not always the optimal for developing the surgical procedure. This study evaluates the effectiveness and functionality of an auxiliary system designed to collocate the stereotactic frame to the skull. The evaluation is done by means of a comparative study of two groups of 7 patients each underwent radioneurosurgery treatment. The first group is not using the system, only in the second, were performed on average 165 images (MRI) for each study. The use of auxiliary system reduces the variation of the inclination and rotation of the frame with respect to the skull by 64%, the subjective appreciation the doctor is substituted by an objective measure, thus obtaining certainty to position the frame on the skull. The results show that the auxiliary system designed is effective and functional.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy (less than one percent of all ectopic pregnancies). OBJECTIVE: Assess the efficacy of the treatment options available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of the cervical ectopic pregnancies treated in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2011. RESULTS: Three patients were diagnosed cervical ectopic pregnancy in our hospital during that period, that is, an incidence of 1.7 per 10,000 gestations. The main symptom was a moderate-to-severe genital hemorrhage. In two of the cases a single dose of 50 mg/cm2 methotrexate was administered, and in the third one, curettage and uterine arterial embolization were performed. Histerectomy was not necessary in either of the cases. CONCLUSION: Conservative management of cervical ectopic pregnancy is an effective and safe option.

Asunto(s)