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The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of feedlotting sheep fed diets containing different roughage sources. Twenty-one uncastrated male Santa Ines sheep were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomized design: corn silage (CS); forage palm combined with sugarcane bagasse (SB), and forage palm combined with Tifton 85 hay (TH). Economic viability and productive parameters of the animals were evaluated in each treatment. Animals of treatment TH had higher weight gain, better feed conversion, and lower productions costs (P0.05) in productive performance from the other treatments. The costs exceeded the revenue, resulting in negative profit for the diets tested. The high production costs of feedlot finishing using diets based on corn silage or palm combined with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse make this activity unfeasible.

Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade econômica do confinamento de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes volumosas. Foram utilizados 21 ovinos machos Santa Inês, não castrados, distribuídos em três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM); palma forrageira associada ao bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BC); palma forrageira associada ao feno de Tifton 85 (FT) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica e os parâmetros produtivos dos ovinos em cada dieta ofertada. Os ovinos do tratamento FT tiveram maior (P0,05) quanto ao desempenho produtivo dos demais tratamentos. Os custos superaram a receita resultando em rentabilidade negativa para as dietas testadas. A terminação em confinamento, com dietas a base de silagem de milho, feno de Tifton 85 associada à palma ou bagaço de cana associada à palma, apresenta alto custo de produção e inviabiliza a atividade.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of feedlotting sheep fed diets containing different roughage sources. Twenty-one uncastrated male Santa Ines sheep were assigned to three treatments in a completely randomized design: corn silage (CS); forage palm combined with sugarcane bagasse (SB), and forage palm combined with Tifton 85 hay (TH). Economic viability and productive parameters of the animals were evaluated in each treatment. Animals of treatment TH had higher weight gain, better feed conversion, and lower productions costs (P<0.05). The worst performance and highest productions costs were observed for sheep fed CS (P<0.05). Sheep fed SB did not differ (P>0.05) in productive performance from the other treatments. The costs exceeded the revenue, resulting in negative profit for the diets tested. The high production costs of feedlot finishing using diets based on corn silage or palm combined with Tifton 85 hay or sugarcane bagasse make this activity unfeasible.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade econômica do confinamento de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes fontes volumosas. Foram utilizados 21 ovinos machos Santa Inês, não castrados, distribuídos em três tratamentos: silagem de milho (SM); palma forrageira associada ao bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (BC); palma forrageira associada ao feno de Tifton 85 (FT) em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foi avaliada a viabilidade econômica e os parâmetros produtivos dos ovinos em cada dieta ofertada. Os ovinos do tratamento FT tiveram maior (P<0,05) ganho em peso, melhor conversão alimentar e menor custo de produção. Os ovinos alimentados com SM apresentaram o pior (P<0,05) desempenho e os maiores custos de produção. Os ovinos alimentados com BC não diferiram (P>0,05) quanto ao desempenho produtivo dos demais tratamentos. Os custos superaram a receita resultando em rentabilidade negativa para as dietas testadas. A terminação em confinamento, com dietas a base de silagem de milho, feno de Tifton 85 associada à palma ou bagaço de cana associada à palma, apresenta alto custo de produção e inviabiliza a atividade.(AU)

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Immediate dental implant placement in the molar region is critical, because of the high amount of bone loss and the discrepancy between alveolar crest thickness and the implant platform. Laser phototherapy (LPT) improves bone repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the human alveolar bone repair 40 days after molar extraction in patients submitted to LPT. Twenty patients were selected for this randomized controlled clinical trial; 10 underwent LPT (laser group) with a GaAlAs diode laser (808 nm, 100 mW, 0.04 cm(2), 75 J/cm(2), 30s per point, 3 J per point, at five points). The control group patients (n=10) were not irradiated. Forty days later, the tissue formed inside the sockets was analyzed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Data from the two groups were compared with Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation test. The relative bone volume was significantly higher in the laser group (P<0.0001). The control group showed negative correlations (P<0.01) between number and thickness, and between number and separation of trabeculae, and a positive correlation between thickness and separation of trabeculae. The laser group showed a significant negative correlation between the number and thickness of trabeculae (P<0.01). The results suggest that LPT is able to accelerate alveolar bone repair after molar extraction, leading to a more homogeneous trabecular configuration represented by thin and close trabeculae.

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A 2-day-old poodle puppy was seen to have hypoplastic and arthrogrypotic hindlimbs and no tail. Palpation revealed an absence of lumbar and sacral vertebrae. At necropsy examination, the colon had a blind ending at the umbilical area, there were no urinary system organs, the spinal cord ended at the thoracic level and no genital system organs were found except for a structure similar to a rudimentary penis. The pelvis was abnormal with no articulation with the spine. This congenital anomaly was consistent with perosomus elumbis, a rare condition of unknown aetiology with few reported cases.

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INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a human pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria. These manifestations may occur before the 34th week of gestation or from this period on, being denominated early-onset or late-onset preeclampsia respectively. The etiology of both disorders seems to differ qualitatively; therefore, different strategies of prevention and treatment must be studied. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to determine whether the plasma levels of heat-shock proteins Hsp60 and Hsp70 as well as specific antibodies anti-Hsp60 and anti-Hsp70 may differentiate early-onset from late-onset preeclampsia. METHODS: We evaluated 175 pregnant women with PE (55 early-onset PE and 120 late-onset PE). Plasma was obtained from peripheral blood and Hsp60, Hsp70 as well as anti-Hsp60 and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Uric acid levels were also determined in the plasma of patients. For statistical analyses, the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Spearman rank order correlation were applied with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: Hsp70 levels obtained from early-onset PE group were significantly higher than the late-onset PE women and showed positive correlation with uric acid (r=0.4547; p=0.0028). The Hsp60 production was similar in both groups. Our results also indicate that there was no significant difference of anti-Hsp60 and anti-Hsp70 antibody levels between women with early- and late-onset PE. However,these antibody levels were high,indicating a strong relationship with the production of HSP60 and Hsp70 protein. CONCLUSION: Association between levels of Hsp70 and uric acid in plasma of patients with early-onset PE seems to reflect the oxidative stress in this group of patients. This study provides evidence that Hsp70 determination may be utilized to assess the differentiation between early- and late-onset PE. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: FAPESP 2010/09241-2.

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INTRODUCTION: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-2 are involved in inflammatory response of monocytes. These cells are activated in pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE), and over-produce inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 may recognize endogenous ligands, the so-called danger signals released by damaged cells, leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated TLR2 and TLR4 expression and cytokine production by monocytes from women with PE before and after stimulation with TLR ligands. METHODS: Monocytes (5×10(5)cell/mL) were obtained from 32 preeclamptic (PE) and 20 normotensive (NT) pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy. TLR2 and TLR4 expression on monocyte surface was determined by flow cytometry in non-stimulated cells, and after 18h of culture with lipopysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PG). TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12p70 production by these cells stimulated or not with LPS or PG was evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. Results were analyzed by non-parametric tests with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: In the absence of stimulation, the basal TLR4 expression by monocytes detected by the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly higher in the PE group than in the NT group while no significant differences were observed between groups in relation to endogenous TLR2 expression. An increase in TLR4 MFIs was detected after monocytes from NT pregnant women were stimulated with LPS while TLR2 expression was increased after PG-stimulation. No alterations in TLR expression was detected after LPS or PG-stimulation in monocytes from patients with PE. Evaluation of endogenous cytokine levels in supernatant culture of monocytes showed higher concentrations of TNF-α and IL-12p70 in preeclamptic women in comparison with the NT group, whereas IL-10 values were significantly higher in NT pregnant women than in the PE group. In contrast, when monocytes were stimulated with the TLRs ligands LPS and PG, the release of TNF-α was significantly reduced, while IL-12p70 levels were significantly higher in women with PE compared to NT group. IL-10 production was similar in both groups studied. CONCLUSION: The basal up-regulation of TLR4 expression associated with endogenous high TNF-α and IL-12p70 production by monocytes from preeclamptic women confirms the activated profile of these cells by the disease process. These findings provide new insights into possible roles for TLRs in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation detected in PE. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: FAPESP 2009/11924-3 and 2010/20207-0.

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INTRODUCTION: Monocytes from peripheral blood of pregnant women with preeclampsia are endogenously activated and secrete high levels of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at evaluating whether the inflammatory state of monocytes observed in preeclampsia is associated with the polarization of monocyte to M1 profile in peripheral blood, correlating the expression of surface receptors CD64, TLR2, TLR4, and CD163 and CD206 with cytokine production. METHODS: We studied 90 pregnant women, 30 normotensive and 60 with preeclampsia, matched for gestational age. Peripheral blood monocytes obtained from normotensive pregnant or preeclamptic pregnant women were cultured for 18h, and the expression of surface receptors on M1 inflammatory monocyte subpopulation (TLR2, TLR4 and CD64) and M2 suppressor monocyte subpopulation (CD163 and CD206) were evaluated by flow cytometry, using specific monoclonal antibodies, labeled with fluorochromes. The values were expressed as ??the mean fluorescence intensity. Moreover, the production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with M1 profile (TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-23) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine associated with M2 profile (IL-10) were evaluated in the monocyte supernatant of culture by enzyme immunoassay. Results were analyzed using nonparametric tests with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: The expression of CD4 and TLR4 on monocyte surface, from women with preeclampsia was significantly higher, while the expression of CD163 and CD206 was significantly decreased compared with normotensive pregnant women, suggesting the predominance of monocyte M1 profile. Endogenous production of TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-23 by monocytes was increased, while synthesis of IL-10 was lower in women with preeclampsia compared with normotensive pregnant women. Positive correlations between TLR4 and CD64 (r=0.5849), TLR4 and TNF-α (r=0.5126) or TLR4 and IL-23 (r=0.8095), as well as between CD64 and TNF-α (r = 0.7133) or CD64 and IL-23 (r = 0.6051) were observed in the preeclamptic group. The results confirm the activated state of monocytes from women with preeclampsia by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of receptors characteristic of the M1 subpopulation. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that monocytes from women with preeclampsia are classically activated and the systemic inflammatory environment may differentiate and polarize these cells to the M1 profile. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: CNPq, FAPESP 2009/11924-3 and 2010/20207-0.

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Embryos of Caiman yacare were collected and subjected to the bone clearing and staining protocol in orderto analyze the ontogenetic patterns of ossification of the pectoral girdle and forelimb skeleton. The osseousstructure of the girdle and forelimbs of C. yacare begins to ossify starting at 30 days of incubation, withthe presence of dye retention in the scapula, coracoids, humerus, radius and ulna bones. During embryonicdevelopment, the autopodio of C. yacare has four bones in the carpus, the radial, ulnar, pisiform and carpaldistal 4+5 bone. Their ossification begins at 39 days of incubation with the radial, followed by the ulnar, and at54 days, the pisiform and the distal carpal 4 + 5. Each mesopodio has 5 metacarpi and are present 15 phalanges,two in digits I and V, three in digits II and IV, and four in digit III (phalangeal formula 2:3:4:3:2). Ossificationof the metacarpi starts at 27 days of incubation, following the sequence MCII=MCIII=MCIV>MCI>MCV.The first phalanges begin the process of ossification on day 36, continuing up to the last day of incubation.The sequence of ossification of the proximal phalanges is PPI=PPII=PPIII>PPIV=PPV, that of the medialphalanges is MPII>MPpIII>MPdIII>MPIV, and that of the distal phalanges is DPI>DPII>DPIII>DPV>DPIV.The ontogenetic pattern of the bones of the forepaw of C. yacare generally differs from that of other reptiles,although there are some similarities.

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Os cistos de retenção de penas surgem como nódulos envolvendo um ou vários folículos das penas e sua ocorrência é devida a má formação da pena em crescimento sob a pele. São comuns em canários, principalmente os das raças Norwich e Gloucester. As formas de tratamento preconizadas são relativamente cruentas e susceptíveis a hemorragias. Este artigo descreve a utilizaçào do anti-inflamatório não esteróide, cloridrato de benzidamina, como método adjuvante para o tratamento desta anomalia. Nos últimos três anos, foram tratados 14 canários na Policlínica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) com a citada medicação, sendo esta administrada por via oral, diretamente no bico ou diluída na água de beber. As aves tratadas apresentaram maturação dos cistos, facilitando assim a remoção de seu conteúdo, sem os indesejáveis riscos de hemorragia.(AU)

Feather cysts appear as swellings involving a single or several feather follicles and are due to malformation of a developing feather under the skin. These cysts are particulary common in Norwich and Gloucester canaries. The recommended forms of treatment are relatively traumatic and may cause hemorrhages. This article describes the use of a non steroidal antiinfl amatory (benzidamina HCL) as an alternative method for the treatment of this anomaly. In the last three years, 14 canaries had been treated at the Veterinary Policlinic of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) with that drug, administered orally, directly in the beak or in the drinking water. Treated birds presented maturation of the cysts, facilitating the removal of their contents, without risks of hemorrhages.(AU)

Los quistes de las plumas aparecen como nódulos involucrando uno o varios folículos plumíferos, y esto se debe a una malformación en el desarrollo de la pluma debajo de la piel. Estos quistes son frecuentes en canarios, principalmente en las razas Norwich y Gloucester. Los tratamientos recomendados son relativamente cruentos y susceptibles a hemorragias. Este artículo describe la utilización de un anti-infl amatorio no esteroide (hidrocloruro de benzidamina) como método alternativo para el tratamiento de esta anomalía. En los últimos tres años, fueron tratados 14 canarios en la Policlínica de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) con la citada medicación, la cual fue administrada oralmente, directamente en el pico o diluida en el agua de bebida. Las aves tratadas presentaron maduración de los quistes, facilitando la remoción de su contenido sin los indeseables riesgos de hemorragia.(AU)

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Os cistos de retenção de penas surgem como nódulos envolvendo um ou vários folículos das penas e sua ocorrência é devida a má formação da pena em crescimento sob a pele. São comuns em canários, principalmente os das raças Norwich e Gloucester. As formas de tratamento preconizadas são relativamente cruentas e susceptíveis a hemorragias. Este artigo descreve a utilizaçào do anti-inflamatório não esteróide, cloridrato de benzidamina, como método adjuvante para o tratamento desta anomalia. Nos últimos três anos, foram tratados 14 canários na Policlínica da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) com a citada medicação, sendo esta administrada por via oral, diretamente no bico ou diluída na água de beber. As aves tratadas apresentaram maturação dos cistos, facilitando assim a remoção de seu conteúdo, sem os indesejáveis riscos de hemorragia.

Feather cysts appear as swellings involving a single or several feather follicles and are due to malformation of a developing feather under the skin. These cysts are particulary common in Norwich and Gloucester canaries. The recommended forms of treatment are relatively traumatic and may cause hemorrhages. This article describes the use of a non steroidal antiinfl amatory (benzidamina HCL) as an alternative method for the treatment of this anomaly. In the last three years, 14 canaries had been treated at the Veterinary Policlinic of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) with that drug, administered orally, directly in the beak or in the drinking water. Treated birds presented maturation of the cysts, facilitating the removal of their contents, without risks of hemorrhages.

Los quistes de las plumas aparecen como nódulosinvolucrando uno o varios folículos plumíferos, y esto se debe a una malformación en el desarrollo de la pluma debajo de la piel. Estos quistes son frecuentes en canarios, principalmente en las razas Norwich y Gloucester. Los tratamientos recomendados son relativamente cruentos y susceptibles a hemorragias. Este artículo describe la utilización de un anti-infl amatorio no esteroide (hidrocloruro de benzidamina) como método alternativo para el tratamiento de esta anomalía. En los últimos tres años, fueron tratados 14 canarios en la Policlínica de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) con la citada medicación, la cual fue administrada oralmente, directamente en el pico o diluida en el agua de bebida. Las aves tratadas presentaron maduración de los quistes, facilitando laremoción de su contenido sin los indeseables riesgos de hemorragia.

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Os AINEs são drogas amplamente utilizadas para o alívio da dor de origem musculoesquelética e em procedimentos cirúrgicos, principalmente ortopédicos,, no pré, trans e pós-operatório. Os efeitos colaterais dos AINEs resultam de sua ação inibitória sobre a cicloxigenase, destacando sua atuação sobre o aparelho digestório, tornando o exame gastroscópico de grande valia para uma avaliação intraluminal direta. Foram utilizados seis cães, sendo um mantido como controle, sem raça definida, três machos e três fêmeas e idades variadas onde se dividiu o experimento em três módulos: Módulo 1: flunixim meglumine na dosagem de 1,0 mg/kg a cada 24 horas por 5 dias; Módulo 2: piroxican na dosagem de 0,3 mg/kg a cada 48 horas, perfazendo um total de 3 aplicações; e, Módulo 3: cetoprofeno na dosagem de 1,0 mg/kg com intervalo de 24 horas durante 5 dias. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exame endoscópico no 1º, 4º, 6º, 8º, 10º dia. Nas três drogas testadas foram observadas lesões gástricas que variaram de gastrite leve até ulceração, sendo o piroxican o que demonstrou maior potencial ulcerogênico. Clinicamente não foi observada qualquer alteração. O exame endoscópico se mostrou eficaz, preciso e com grande acuidade para o diagnóstico das alterações gástricas provocadas pelas drogas testadas.

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The mortal cause of black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), living in a conservation unit of State Park of Serra da Tiririca-Niterói-RJ, Brasilien, has been investigated in 1995 based on different examinations realized in one animal. After clinical, light and electron microscopic investigations, herpesvirus infection was found to be the etiological agent of the disease.

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