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BACKGROUND: morbid obesity is a major public health problem that is increasing. Currently, there are a limited number of studies carried out in the Mexican population that describe the effects of bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVE: to establish in people undergoing a bariatric procedure the metabolic and body composition difference before and after bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study was carried out in 50 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) and Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Body composition and metabolic markers in blood were measured. Differences in the metabolic profile before and after surgery were analyzed in the entire study group and a subanalysis was performed by bariatric surgical technique, determining the percentage of remission of comorbidities. RESULTS: after the intervention, there is a significant decrease in all metabolic and body composition markers, except HDL cholesterol, which showed a tendency to increase without being significant. Women with LRYGB have a greater decrease in fat-free mass. LRYGB decreased the prevalence of fatty liver, gastroesophageal reflux, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia more, while LSG decreased the prevalence of hypertension, osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, and hypertriglyceridemia more. CONCLUSION: bariatric surgery induces metabolic changes that could contribute to improving comorbidities associated with obesity. In general, metabolic improvement is greater in LRYGB compared to LSG.
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BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive procedure used in the treatment of obesity, with a complication rate of less than 2% of cases. There have been only two reported cases worldwide of gallbladder injuries as a major complication of ESG. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of a 34-year-old patient who developed a complication after ESG. The patient experienced epigastric and right hypochondrium pain 12 h after the procedure, and a positive Murphy's sign was identified on physical examination. Laboratory results showed a leukocyte count of 17 × 103/µL, and computed tomography indicated the presence of free fluid in the pelvic cavity and perihepatic recesses as well as a possible suture in the wall of the Hartmann's pouch toward the anterior surface of the stomach. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed, revealing plication of the Hartmann's pouch wall to the anterior stomach wall. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and lavage were carried out. The patient had a stable recovery and was discharged 72 h after surgery, tolerating oral intake. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder plication should be suspected if signs and symptoms consistent with acute cholecystitis occur after ESG.
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It has been proposed that infection by adipogenic viruses constitutes a "low risk" factor for obesity. Here, we report the presence of adenovirus 36 (Ad36) and its viral load copy number in fat tissue of participants with obesity and normal weight; phylogenetic analysis was performed to describe their relationship and genetic variability among viral haplotypes. Adipose tissue obtained from 105 adult patients with obesity (cases) and 26 normal-weight adult participants as controls were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplifying the partial Ad36 E1a gene. The amplicons were examined by melting curves and submitted to sequencing. Then, genetic diversity and phylogenetic inferences were performed. Ad36 was identified at rates of 82% and 46% in the case and control groups, respectively (p = 1.1 × 10-4 , odds ratio = 5.28); viral load copies were also significantly different between both groups, being 25% higher in the case group. Melting curve analysis showed clear amplification among positive samples. Phylogenetic inferences and genetic diversity analyses showed that the Ad36 E1a gene exhibits low genetic variability and differentiation with strong gene flow due to an expanding process. Our results suggest that the phenomenon of infectobesity by Ad36 might not be a low-risk factor, as has been previously argued by other authors.
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Infecciones por Adenoviridae , Adenovirus Humanos , Adulto , Humanos , Adenovirus Humanos/genética , Grasa Intraabdominal , Filogenia , Carga Viral , Adenoviridae/genética , Obesidad/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been associated with different negative outcomes in the presence of advanced fibrosis. The Hepamet Fibrosis Score (HFS), a recently described noninvasive score, has shown excellent performance for the detection of advanced fibrosis. The aim of this study was to assess its performance in a Mexican population with NAFLD. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in 222 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, of whom 33(14%) had advanced fibrosis. We retrieved clinical data from each patient's medical record to compute the HFS, the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS), and the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and assess their performance. RESULTS: When considering the models as continuous variables, the area under the receiving operating characteristics curve of the HFS(0.758) was not different from that of the NFS(0.669, p = 0.09) or FIB-4(0.796, p = 0.1). The HFS had a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 76.7% (95% CI 57.7-90.1), 90.1% (95% CI 85-93.9), 36.7% (95% CI 19.9-56.1), and 94.3% (95% CI 88.5-97.7), respectively. Indeterminate results (i.e., gray area) were more common with FIB-4 and HFS when compared with NFS [139(63%) and 122(55%) vs 80(36%), p < 0.001]. The variables that were associated with misclassification using the HFS were diabetes [OR 3.40 (95% CI 1.42-8.10), p = 0.006] and age [OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11), p = 0.01]. CONCLUSION: The HFS showed sensitivity and specificity similar to that reported in the original publication; however, the positive predictive value was 36.7% at a pretest probability of 14%. The role of the HFS in prospective studies and in combination with other methods should be further explored.
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Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Hígado/patología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/complicaciones , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the total procedure time and task-specific execution time in gastric bypass using a three-dimensional (3D) versus two-dimensional (2D) imaging system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective and randomized clinical trial. Forty obese patients were randomized into two groups: gastric bypass with 3D imaging system or with conventional 2D system. The primary endpoint was operative time during manual gastrojejunal anastomosis. Data collection was carried out on demographics, comorbidities, operative time in three stages, and complications. The same surgeon performed all surgeries. Two patients were excluded because technical issues were encountered for viewing their videos during the trial. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients in the Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass (LGB) 3D group and 18 in the LGB 2D group were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the pre-operative data. The average procedure time was 16.5 min lower in the 3D group versus the 2D group. Execution time for specific tasks was not statistically significant, except for the gastrojejunal anastomosis, which is routinely performed as a manual anastomosis in our surgery group. There was no complication intra- or post-operative. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a 3D imaging system for laparoscopic gastric bypass was associated with a shorter total operative time, especially for the hand-sewn gastrojejunal anastomosis, compared with the 2D imaging system. OBJETIVO: Comparar el tiempo total del procedimiento y de tareas específicas en bypass gástrico laparoscópico (BGL) utilizando sistemas de imagen 3D y 2D.
MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, con 40 pacientes obesos divididos en dos grupos: BGL 2D o 3D. El objetivo principal fue medir el tiempo al realizar la gastroyeyunoanastomosis manual. La recolección de datos incluyó comorbilidad, demografía, tiempo operatorio en tres fases (formación de reservorio, gastroyeyunoanastomosis y yeyunoyeyunoanastomosis) y complicaciones posoperatorias. El mismo cirujano realizó los procedimientos. Se excluyeron dos pacientes por incapacidad para abrir el video. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 20 pacientes en el grupo 3D y 18 en el grupo 2D. No hubo diferencias significativas en los datos preoperatorios. El tiempo promedio del procedimiento fue menor en el grupo 3D que en el 2D en 16,5 minutos. El tiempo de ejecución para realizar tareas solo fue significativo al realizar la gastroyeyunoanastomosis. No hubo ninguna complicación intraoperatoria ni posoperatoria. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de un sistema de imagen 3D se asoció con un menor tiempo quirúrgico total, en especial para la gastroyeyunoanastomosis manual, en comparación con el sistema de imagen 2D.
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Derivación Gástrica/métodos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Yeyuno/cirugía , Laparoscopía/métodos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Tempo Operativo , Estómago/cirugía , Cirugía Asistida por Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in reducing weight and has benefits, such as lowering blood pressure. An increase in urinary sodium excretion has been suggested as a possible mechanism. This study explored changes in sodium excretion and their correlation with blood pressure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 28 obese participants with body mass index (BMI) of 44.54 ± 7.81 kg/m2 who underwent gastric bypass. Before surgery and at the third and sixth months after gastric bypass, blood pressure, urinary sodium concentration, 24-hour (24-h) urinary sodium excretion, and fractional excretion of sodium were evaluated. In addition, serum sodium and potassium levels were determined. Nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Blood pressure decreased after surgery and remained at low levels over the 3- and 6-month periods. The urinary sodium concentration increased at 3 months after surgery; however, the 24-h urinary sodium excretion and urine volume decreased. Interestingly, although some associations between variables were observed, significant correlations between the 24-h urinary sodium excretion and the systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were found. In addition, the urine volume was higher in the sixth month than in the third month following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In the months immediately following surgery, a low-salt and low-volume diet favors decreases in urine volume and 24-h urinary sodium excretion. In addition, in the sixth month after surgery, an association between blood pressure and 24-h urinary sodium excretion was observed.
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Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Derivación Gástrica , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Eliminación Renal/fisiología , Sodio/metabolismo , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Derivación Gástrica/métodos , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/metabolismo , Obesidad Mórbida/fisiopatología , Obesidad Mórbida/orina , Periodo Posoperatorio , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangre , Sodio/orina , Factores de Tiempo , Pérdida de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite scientific evidence of the safety, efficacy, and in some cases superiority of minimally invasive surgery in hepato-pancreato-biliary procedures, there are scarce publications about bile duct repairs. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of robotic-assisted surgery versus laparoscopic surgery on bile duct repair in patients with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury. METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative study of our prospectively collected database of patients with bile duct injury who underwent robotic or laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy. RESULTS: Seventy-five bile duct repairs (40 by laparoscopic and 35 by robotic-assisted surgery) were treated from 2012 to 2018. Injury types were as follows: E1 (7.5% vs. 14.3%), E2 (22.5% vs. 14.3%), E3 (40% vs. 42.9%), E4 (22.5% vs. 28.6%), and E5 (7.5% vs. 0), for laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (LHJ) and robotic-assisted hepaticojejunostomy (RHJ) respectively. The overall morbidity rate was similar (LHJ 27.5% vs. RHJ 22.8%, P = 0.644), during an overall median follow-up of 28 (14-50) months. In the LHJ group, the actuarial primary patency rate was 92.5% during a median follow-up of 49 (43.2-56.8) months. While in the RHJ group, the actuarial primary patency rate was 100%, during a median follow-up of 16 (12-22) months. The overall primary patency rate was 96% (LHJ 92.5% vs. RHJ 100%, log-rank P = 0.617). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the robotic approach is similar to the laparoscopic regarding safety and efficacy in attaining primary patency for bile duct repair.
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Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Yeyunostomía , Laparoscopía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Adulto , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Colecistectomía/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Hígado/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System has positioned itself as a tool that improves the ergonomics of the surgeon, facilitating dissection in confined spaces and enhancing the surgeon's skills. The technical aspects for successful bile duct repair are well-vascularized ducts, tension-free anastomosis, and complete drainage of hepatic segments, and all are achievable with robotic-assisted approach. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of our prospectively collected database of patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury who underwent robotic-assisted Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Pre-, intra-, and short-term postoperative data were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 30 consecutive patients were included. The median age was 46.5 years and 76.7% were female. Neo-confluences with section of hepatic segment IV were performed in 7 patients (those classified as Strasberg E4). In the remaining 23, a Hepp-Couinaud anastomosis was built. There were no intraoperative complications, the median estimated blood loss was 100 mL, and the median operative time was 245 min. No conversion was needed. The median length of stay was 6 days and the median length of follow-up was 8 months. The overall morbidity rate was 23.3%. Two patients presented hepaticojejunostomy leak. No mortality was registered. CONCLUSION: Robotic surgery is feasible and can be safely performed, with acceptable short-term results, in bile duct injury repair providing the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Further studies with larger number of cases and longer follow-up are needed to establish the role of robotic assisted approaches in the reconstruction of BDI.
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Anastomosis en-Y de Roux , Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/cirugía , Yeyunostomía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Adulto , Colecistectomía/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula after laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injury is an extremely rare entity. Y-en-Roux hepaticojejunostomy has been demonstrated to be an effective surgical technique to repair iatrogenic bile duct injuries. Seven consecutive patients underwent robotic-assisted (n = 5) and laparoscopic (n = 2) biliary-enteric fistula resection and bile duct repair at our hospital from January 2012 to May 2017. We reported our technique and described post-procedural outcomes. The mean age was 52.4 years, mostly females (n = 5). The mean operative time was 240 min for laparoscopic cases and 322 min for robotic surgery, and the mean estimated blood loss was 300 mL for laparoscopic and 204 mL for robotic cases. In both groups, oral feeding was resumed between day 2 or 3 and hospital length of stay was 4-8 days. Immediate postoperative outcomes were uneventful in all patients. With a median of 9 months of follow-up (3-52 months), no patients developed anastomosis-related complications. We observed in this series an adequate identification and dissection of the fistulous biliary-enteric tract, a safe closure of the fistulous orifice in the gastrointestinal tract and a successful bile duct repair, providing the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
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Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Fístula Biliar/cirugía , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/efectos adversos , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/mortalidadRESUMEN
The molecular mechanisms implicated in pronounced weight loss and metabolic benefits after bariatric surgery are still unknown. Adipocyte phenotype and metabolism have not been entirely explored. However, some features of adipocyte function have been studied, such as adipocyte size and inflammation, which are both reduced after bariatric surgery. Adipocyte fat metabolism, which is partly regulated by leptin, is likely modified, since adipocyte area is decreased. Here, we show that leptin receptor expression is increased, while adipocyte size is decreased 8 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Thus, adipocyte function is possibly modified by improved leptin signaling after bariatric surgery.
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Adipocitos/patología , Derivación Gástrica , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Receptores de Leptina/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/patología , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Tamaño de la Célula , Femenino , Derivación Gástrica/rehabilitación , Humanos , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/metabolismo , Obesidad Mórbida/patología , Pérdida de Peso/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human obesity is due to a complex interaction among environmental, behavioral, developmental and genetic factors, including the interaction of leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR). Several LEPR mutations and polymorphisms have been described in patients with early onset severe obesity and hyperphagic eating behavior; however, some contradictory findings have also been reported. In the present study we explored the association of six LEPR gene polymorphisms in patients with morbid obesity. FINDINGS: Twenty eight patients with morbid obesity and 56 non-obese Mexican Mestizo individuals were included. Typing of rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805134, Ser492Thr, rs1805094 and rs1805096 LEPR polymorphisms was performed by PCR and allele specific hybridization. The LEPR Ser492Thr polymorphism was monomorphic with the presence of only the Ser492Thr-G allele. Allele C and genotype T/C for rs1805134 polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to morbid obesity (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). No association was observed with any haplotype. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) showed that five polymorphisms (rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805134, rs1805094 and rs1805096) were in absolute (D' = 1) but none in perfect (r2 = 1) LD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that rs1805134 polymorphism could be involved in the development of morbid obesity, whilst none of the alleles of the LEPR gene, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs1805094 and rs1805096 were associated as risk factors. However, more studies are necessary to confirm or reject this hypothesis.
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Obesidad Mórbida/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Receptores de Leptina/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of bile duct injuries (BDI) after cholecystectomy, which is a life-threatening condition that has several medical and legal implications, currently stands at about 0.6%. The aim of this study is to describe our experience as the first center to use a laparoscopic approach for BDI repair. METHODS: A prospective study between June 2012 and September 2014 was developed. Twenty-nine consecutive patients with BDI secondary to cholecystectomy were included. Demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, details of index surgery, type of lesion, preoperative and postoperative diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic interventions were registered. Videos and details of laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy (LHJ) were recorded. Injuries were staged using Strasberg classification. A side-to-side anastomosis with Roux-en-Y reconstruction was always used. In patients with E4 and some E3 injuries, a segment 4b or 5 section was done to build a wide anastomosis. In E4 injuries, a neo-confluence was performed. Complications, mortality, and long-term evolution were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients with BDI were operated. Women represented 82.7% of the cases. The median age was 42 years (range 21-74). Injuries at or above the confluence occurred in 62%, and primary repair at our institution was performed at 93.1% of the cases. Eight neo-confluences were performed in all E4 injuries (27.5%). The median operative time was 240 min (range 120-585) and bleeding 200 mL (range 50-1100). Oral intake was started in the first 48 h. Bile leak occurred in 5 cases (17.2%). Two patients required re-intervention (6.8%). No mortality was recorded. The maximum follow-up was 36 months (range 2-36). One patient with E4 injury developed a hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) stenosis after 15 months. This was solved with endoscopic dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of minimally invasive approaches in BDI seem to be feasible and safe, even when this is a complex and catastrophic scenario.
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Conductos Biliares/lesiones , Fístula Biliar/epidemiología , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anastomosis en-Y de Roux , Conductos Biliares/cirugía , Fístula Biliar/etiología , Fístula Biliar/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugía , Estudios Prospectivos , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastric neoplasms can be treated by laparoscopy in a safe and efficient way. Some lesions are not accessible to laparoscopic surgery due to their location. A transgastric approach is proposed as an alternative. OBJECTIVE: Show the results with the application of an endoscopic laparotomy in an animal model that maintains functional anatomy, to resect the posterior gastric neoplasms of the stomach wall, close to the cardia and pre-pyloric region. METHODS: The laparo-endoscopic technique for resection of gastric neoplasms located in the posterior wall was developed in twelve pigs at the Hospital General Gea González from May to December 2011. TECHNIQUE: An endoscopy was performed to establish the site of insertion of intragastric trocars. Three gastrotomies were made in the anterior wall; under endoscopic and laparoscopic vision the trocars were inserted. The stomach was insufflated with CO2. The lesion was resected maintaining a 20 mm circumferencial margin. The gastrotomies were sutured. The statistic analysis was made with t Student and exact Fisher tests. RESULTS: One-hundred percent of resections were achieved in an average time of 102.33 minutes (± 4.50). Two complications and no transoperatory deceases occurred. DISCUSSION: The technique we describe allows an appropriate approach to gastric lesions located in the posterior wall, those near to the esophagogastric juntion and the prepiloric region, due to the excellent exposure managed by working inside the stomach with a laparoscopic vision and the two intragastric movile ports. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic transgastric approach is feasible and safe for the resection of gastric neoplasms located in the posterior wall, those close to the esophago-gastric junction, and the pre-pyloric region.
Antecedentes: las neoplasias gástricas pueden tratarse de forma segura y eficaz mediante laparoscopia. Debido a su localización algunas lesiones son inaccesibles mediante cirugía laparoscópica, como alternativa se propone el abordaje transgástrico. Objetivo: exponer los resultados con la aplicación de una técnica laparo-endoscópica en un modelo animal que mantenga funcional la anatomía, para resecar neoplasias gástricas de la pared posterior del estómago, próximas al cardias y a la región pre-pilórica. Material y métodos: el estudio se efectuó entre los meses de mayo a diciembre de 2011en el Hospital General Gea González y consistió en experimentar en 12 cerdos la técnica laparo-endoscópica para resección de neoplasias gástricas de la pared posterior. La inserción de los trócares intragástricos se realizó mediante endoscopia. Se efectuaron tres gastrotomías en la pared anterior y con visión endoscópica los trócares se introdujeron con el auxilio laparoscópico. El estómago se insufló con CO2. La lesión se resecó manteniendo un margen circunferencial de 20 mm, se suturaron las gastrotomías, se utilizaron la prueba de t de Student y la prueba exacta de Fisher para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: todas las resecciones fueron exitosas y se efectuaron en un tiempo promedio de 102.33 minutos (± 4.50), hubo dos complicaciones y ninguna defunción transoperatoria. Conclusiones: el abordaje laparoscópico transgástrico es factible y seguro para resecar neoplasias de la pared posterior del estómago, próximas a la unión esófago-gástrica y área prepilórica.
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Gastrectomía/métodos , Gastroscopía/métodos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Estómago/cirugía , Animales , Unión Esofagogástrica/cirugía , Estudios de Factibilidad , Gastrostomía/métodos , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Tempo Operativo , Píloro/cirugía , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Sus scrofa , PorcinosRESUMEN
Medicine has experienced greater scientific and technological advances in the last 50 years than in the rest of human history. The article describes relevant events, revises concepts and advantages and clinical applications, summarizes published clinical results, and presents some personal reflections without giving dogmatic conclusions about robotic surgery. The Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) defines robotic surgery as a surgical procedure using technology to aid the interaction between surgeon and patient. The objective of the surgical robot is to correct human deficiencies and improve surgical skills. The capacity of repeating tasks with precision and reproducibility has been the base of the robot´s success. Robotic technology offers objective and measurable advantages: - Improving maneuverability and physical capacity during surgery. - Correcting bad postural habits and tremor. - Allowing depth perception (3D images). - Magnifying strength and movement limits. - Offering a platform for sensors, cameras, and instruments. Endoscopic surgery transformed conceptually the way of practicing surgery. Nevertheless in the last decade, robotic assisted surgery has become the next paradigm of our era.
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BACKGROUND: Vaginal evisceration is a rare event associated to be associated with several factors. In premenopausal women it is often associated with trauma during intercourse, rape, iatrogenic injury and introduction of foreign objects. In postmenopausal women 73% of cases are associated with previous vaginal surgery or hysterectomy. CASE REPORT: Here we present the case of a female patient who had a vaginal evisceration six days after an abdominal hysterectomy. The patient underwent an abdominal reduction of the small bowel, but due to irreversible vascular compromise it was resected. The vaginal cuff was closed with interrupted non-absorbable sutures. CONCLUSION: Vaginal evisceration is a rare disease associated with pelvic surgery. When it happens, it should be addressed as an emergency. The abdominal approach is the choice when there is trauma or intestinal ischemia, while the combined vaginal with laparoscopic approach is a good option in selected patients.
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Prolapso Uterino , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Prolapso Uterino/patología , Prolapso Uterino/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Choledochoduodenostomy is indicated for unsolved choledocholithiasis and biliary malignant or benign stenosis. This surgical procedure has been feared for its potential complications. This article shows our initial experience with this laparo-endoscopic approach. METHODS: We performed laparoscopic choledochoduodenoastomy in seven elderly patients with recurrent or unsolved choledocholithiasis. Additionally, laparo-endoscopic extraction of gallstones was performed in necessary cases. We gathered and analyzed the demographic data, diagnostic proofs and follow up of the patients. RESULTS: Average age of patients was 71 years, with 57.1% of women in our population. Main omorbidities of our patients included obesity in 71.4%, diabetes mellitus type 2 in 57.4%, and arterial hypertension in 42.85%. Patients had in average 2.7 previous episodes of choledocholithiasis and/or cholangitis and the average diameter of the removed stones was 22.6 mm. Average follow-up was 155 days (range 28 to 420). DISCUSSION: Laparoscopic chooledochoduodenostomy has proved to be safe, effective and be superior to open surgery, as long as an appropriate selection of patients is performed and surgeons with experience on laparoscopic techniques are available. All these factors reduce the long-term complications with which this surgical procedure has been related. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomy is an option for the definitive surgical treatment of "difficult choledocholithiasis" in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities; it also offers the advantages of the minimally invasive approaches.
Asunto(s)
Coledocolitiasis/cirugía , Coledocostomía/métodos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica , Coledocolitiasis/complicaciones , Coledocolitiasis/diagnóstico por imagen , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Establecer una correlación de los hallazgos endoscópicos preoperatorios con los síntomas gastrointestinales y hallazgos endoscópicos en el seguimiento de los pacientes sometidos a algún tipo de cirugía bariátrica. Sede: Hospital General ''Dr. Manuel Gea González''. Tercer Nivel de Atención Médica. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. Análisis estadístico: Porcentajes como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas y χ². Pacientes y método: Pacientes que se operaron en la clínica de obesidad, de junio 2006 a junio 2010, a los cuales se les realizó endoscopia preoperatoria con un seguimiento mínimo de un año. Se identificaron las patologías gastrointestinales con mayor incidencia, hallazgos histopatológicos y la correlación de la endoscopia postoperatoria en el seguimiento de pacientes que por sus síntomas requirieron control endoscópico. Resultados: De un total de 137 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (111 mujeres, 26 hombres), con edad promedio de 36.41, IMC promedio de 42.04, la patología con mayor incidencia fue gastritis inespecífica no erosiva (45.25%), el resultado histopatológico más frecuente fue gastritis asociada a Helicobacter pylori (HP) (38.6%). A un seguimiento promedio de tres años (DE ± 1.31) a 35 pacientes (25.5%) se les realizó endoscopia de seguimiento por síntomas gastrointestinales; los hallazgos endoscópicos fueron: gastritis inespecífica no erosiva (54.28%), sin alteraciones (31.42%) y estenosis de anastomosis (14.7%). Conclusión: La endoscopia preoperatoria es de gran utilidad, ya que permite identificar patologías que se pueden asociar a otras complicaciones y tomar todas las medidas para prevenirlas.
Objective: To establish a correlation between the pre-operative endoscopic findings with the gastrointestinal syndrome and endoscopic findings during follow-up of patients subjected to bariatric surgery. Setting: General Hospital ''Dr. Manuel Gea González'' (third level health care center). Design: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study. Statistical analysis: Percentages as summary measures for qualitative variables and χ². Patients and method: Patients operated in the obesity clinic from June 2006 to June 2010, in whom a preoperative endoscopy was performed with a follow-up of at least 1 years. We identified the gastrointestinal pathologies with the highest incidence, histopathological findings, and the correlation with the postoperative endoscopy during the follow-up of patients, who, due to their symptoms, required endoscopic control. Results: In a total of 137 patients that complied with the inclusion criteria (111 women and 26 men), average age of 36.41 years, average BMI of 42.04, the pathology with the highest incidence was non-specific non-erosive gastritis (45.25%), the most frequent histopathological result was gastritis associated to Helicobacter pylori (HP) (38.6%). At an average follow-up of three years (SD ± 1.31), 35 patients (25.5%) were subjected to follow-up endoscopy due to gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopic findings were: non-specific, non-erosive gastritis (54.28%), without alterations (31.42%), and stenosis of the anastomoses (14.7%). Conclusion: Preoperative endoscopy is very useful as it allows identifying pathologies that can be associated to other complications and taking the necessary measures to prevent them.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity in Mexico appears with a frequency of 38.4% in men and 43.3% in women. Within the therapeutic options, bariatric surgery is defined as the only effective treatment in the long term, and the number of procedures is increasing. Postoperative complications are sometimes challenging for those who are evaluating them. We undertook this study to describe and to correlate endoscopic findings with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients who have undergone a bariatric procedure. METHODS: This was a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study that included all patients who underwent bariatric surgery between January 2004 and October 2006 and who presented gastrointestinal symptoms requiring postoperative endoscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were subjected to 45 videoendoscopies between January 2004 and October 2006. The most frequent endoscopic findings were normal postsurgical anatomy (18 patients, 50%), marginal ulcer (5 patients, 13.8%), stomal stenosis (8 patients, 22.2%), and migration of gastric band (1 patient, 2.7%). Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom, appearing in 58.3% of patients, mainly in those with normal endoscopy. Nausea and vomiting were reported in 55.5% of the cases; 25% of the procedures done in the first 6 months were normal as compared with 75% of the cases that were done after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Normal videoendoscopy was the most frequent finding among patients who had undergone a bariatric procedure. Stomal stenosis was the most frequent abnormality. The presence of abdominal pain beginning 6 months postoperatively is a characteristic that predicts normal videoendoscopy.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Cirugía Bariátrica , Gastroscopía , Obesidad/cirugía , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity in Mexico appears with a frequency of 38.4% in men and 43.3% in women. Within the therapeutic options, bariatric surgery is defined as the only effective treatment in the long term, and the number of procedures is increasing. Postoperative complications are sometimes challenging for those who are evaluating them. We undertook this study to describe and to correlate endoscopic findings with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients who have undergone a bariatric procedure. METHODS: This was a descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study that included all patients who underwent bariatric surgery between January 2004 and October 2006 and who presented gastrointestinal symptoms requiring postoperative endoscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were subjected to 45 videoendoscopies between January 2004 and October 2006. The most frequent endoscopic findings were normal postsurgical anatomy (18 patients, 50%), marginal ulcer (5 patients, 13.8%), stomal stenosis (8 patients, 22.2%), and migration of gastric band (1 patient, 2.7%). Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom, appearing in 58.3% of patients, mainly in those with normal endoscopy. Nausea and vomiting were reported in 55.5% of the cases; 25% of the procedures done in the first 6 months were normal as compared with 75% of the cases that were done after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Normal videoendoscopy was the most frequent finding among patients who had undergone a bariatric procedure. Stomal stenosis was the most frequent abnormality. The presence of abdominal pain beginning 6 months postoperatively is a characteristic that predicts normal videoendoscopy.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica , Gastroscopía , Obesidad/cirugía , Humanos , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) is sometimes associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and long-time failure in weight loss. This situation is a problem; one therapeutic option is a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perspective of laparoscopic surgical treatment in a patient with persistent GERD after traditional bariatric surgery for morbid obesity management. CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old woman with morbid obesity, body mass index (BMI) of 46 kg/m(2), and high blood pressure underwent VBG (open surgery, Mason's technique) in 1996 and decreased her BMI to 32 kg/m(2). Six years after initial surgery, she developed severe GERD resistant to medical treatment (omeprazol 80 mg/day) that was confirmed by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring (48 DeMeester normal) and esophageal manometry (low esophageal sphincter pressure) 5 mmHg). During these years, she increased BMI from 32 kg/m(2) to 40 kg/m(2). Laparoscopic conversion to RYGBP was performed. RESULTS: Postoperative evolution was satisfactory with disappearance of GERD. Control 24-h esophageal pH monitoring reported 4 DeMeester normal. At 12-month follow-up, she decreased BMI to 27 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic reoperative RYGBP is a viable surgical option in GERD treatment and obesity control.