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Background: This retrospective clinical study aimed to assess dental pulp tissue reactions to direct and indirect pulp capping after 10 years of follow-up. Methods: A total of 276 permanent teeth with deep carious lesions were evaluated and divided into five groups: Group (1), direct pulp capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate cement; Group (2), direct pulp capping with a resin-based glass ionomer; Group (3), direct pulp capping with TheraCal; Group (4), indirect pulp capping with a three-step total-etch adhesive system; and Group (5), indirect pulp capping with a two-step self-etch adhesive system. Results: A 72.5% success rate was achieved overall. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing direct and indirect pulp capping with a success rate of 23.8% and 93.8%, respectively. For direct pulp-capping procedures, the area of pulp exposure was correlated with pulp necrosis (p = 0.035), while bleeding after exposure appeared independent (p = 0.053). Patient age was significantly related to the maintenance of pulp vitality (p = 0.013). A statistically significant correlation between the pulp-capping material and the occurrence of pulp necrosis was discovered (p = 0.017). For the indirect pulp-capping treatments, a significant correlation between patient age (p = 0.021) and the adhesive system (p = 0.019) with pulp necrosis was described. Conclusions: The pulp-capping material, patient age, and the width of the pulp exposure before the procedure should be carefully considered when performing direct pulp-capping treatments. The performance of the etch-and-rinse adhesive systems was superior to the self-etch system during the indirect pulp-capping procedures.
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(1) Background: This study aims to compare the effects of 3D-printed splints and conventional manufactured splints on sleep bruxism (SB) EMG activity. (2) Methods: Twenty-six patients (19 M, 7 F, 25.8 ± 2.6 years) were randomly allocated to a study group (3D splints) and a control group (conventional manufactured splints) and followed for a period of three months with night EMG-ECG recordings. Samples of the involved materials were analyzed for nanoindentation. The outcomes of interest considered were the overall SB index, the total amount of surface masseter muscle activity (sMMA), and general and SB-related phasic and tonic contractions. A statistical evaluation was performed with a confidence interval (CI) between 2.5% and 97.5%. (3) Results: Differences between groups with OAs were observed for general tonic contraction (p = 0.0009), while differences between recording times were observed for general phasic contractions (p = 0.002) and general tonic contractions (p = 0.00001). Differences between recording times were observed for the total amount of sMMA (p = 0.01), for general phasic contractions (p = 0.0001), and for general tonic contractions (p = 0.000009) during night recordings without OAs. (4) Conclusions: Three-dimensional splints seem to have a higher impact on SB-related electromyographic activity but not on the overall sleep bruxism index. The more regular surfaces offered by 3D splints could be related to phasic contraction stabilization.
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this micro-computed tomography study was to describe the shaping properties of ProGlider/ProTaper Next (PG/PTN) and ScoutRace/BioRace (SR/BR) nickel-titanium rotary systems. METHODS: Thirty maxillary first permanent molars were selected. Mesiobuccal canals were randomly assigned (n = 15) to PG/PTN or SR/BR groups. Irrigation was performed with 5% NaOCl and 10% EDTA. Specimens were scanned (voxel size, 9.1 µm) for matching volumes and surface areas and post-treatment analyses. Root canal centering ability, canal geometry enlargement, and thickness of dentinal wall at inner curvature were assessed at apical level and point of maximum curvature. Results were analyzed with 4 one-way analyses of variance. RESULTS: Canal centering ability was superior in PG/PTN (P = .006 at apical level, P = .025 at point of maximum curvature). PG/PTN demonstrated a more conservative increase of canal areas (P = .027 at apical level, P = .038 at point of maximum curvature). Centrifugal increase in canal diameters did not significantly differ between groups (P = .65 at apical level, P = .61 at point of maximum curvature). Inner dentinal wall thickness was less reduced with PG/PTN compared with SR/BR, with no statistical differences (P = .23 at point of maximum curvature, P = .89 at apical level). PG/PTN shaping taper ranged between 6% and 7%. CONCLUSIONS: Neither system produced significant shaping errors in curved canals. PG/PTN system showed better preservation of canal anatomy. PTN offset section did not influence final preparation taper.