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La cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) es una complicación de la diabetes mellitus originada por un déficit de insulina que conduce a una hiperglicemia y acidosis derivada del aumento de la oxidación de ácidos grasos hacia cuerpos cetónicos. El objetivo fue caracterizar el comportamiento clínico y epidemiológico de la CAD en la UCI 3 del Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado , 2010-2012. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se empleó un universo muestral de 19 diabéticos, los datos fueron procesados en Microsoft Excel y presentados en tablas para su mejor comprensión y análisis. Se encontró un predominio de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1, entre 25 y 34 años de edad. El sexo femenino fue el más afectado. Los principales factores desencadenante de la CDA fueron infección y dosis inadecuada de insulina. La sepsis y el shock fueron identificados como complicaciones frecuentes. Se pudo comprobar que no es infrecuente la CDA en nuestro medio, sobre todo en personas adultas jóvenes. Las complicaciones se presenten habitualmente y pueden llegar a a la muerte. Los indicadores de calidad establecidos mejoraron el pronóstico y la evolución de los pacientes en donde fueron aplicados(AU)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus caused by shortage of insulin and leading to hyperglycemia and acidosis resulting from increased oxidation of fatty acids to ketone bodies. The objective was To characterize the clinical and epidemiologic features of DKA in the General Teaching Hospital Abel Santamaría, Intensive Care Unit-3, in the period 2010-2012. An observational, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. It was used a sample universe of 19 diabetic patients, and data were processed in Microsoft Excel and presented in tables for better understanding and analysis. It was found a prevalence of type 1 diabetic patients between 25 and 34 years old. Females were the most affected. The main triggering factors for DKA were infection and inadequate insulin dosing. Sepsis and shock were identified as frequent complications. It was found that DKA is not uncommon in our environment, especially in young adults; complications arise and can usually lead to death. Established quality indicators improved prognosis and results for patients in which they were applied(AU)

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Las personas infectadas por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y que desarrollan el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) son vulnerables a infecciones o neoplasias que se denominan oportunistas, ya que aprovechan para manifestarse la oportunidad que les brinda un sistema inmunitario debilitado. Existen diversos tratamientos y profilaxis, algunos sencillos y baratos, otros extremadamente caros y complejos, para contrarrestar la incidencia de dichas patologías. En muchas partes del mundo los sistemas asistenciales y la financiación son insuficientes para garantizar su aplicación universal, a diferencia de nuestro país. En el presente trabajo se logra caracterizar las principales enfermedades provocadas por microorganismos oportunistas en los pacientes con SIDA de la provincia de Pinar del Río. Pudo apreciarse como estas coinciden con las descritas en la literatura nacional e internacional. Se manifiestan como las más frecuentes: la candidiasis, la tuberculosis, la neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP) y las enfermedades diarreicas de etiología parasitaria...(AU)

Patients suffering from HIV infection who develop AIDS are vulnerable to infections and neoplasms that are called “opportunistic”, because they take the opportunity to harm weak immune system. Several prophylactic treatments followed are simple and cheap and other are expensive and complex to counteract the most common opportunistic diseases and infections. In many parts of the world the medical assistance systems and the financial factors are insufficient to guarantee its universal application, differing from our country. The medical literature reviewed to carry out this research verified the diseases provoked by opportunistic microorganisms in patients suffering from AIDS in Pinar del Rio province. The most frequent infections were: candidiasis, tuberculosis, pneumonia provoked by Pneumocystis carinii and diarrhea...(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To communicate our experience with this technique centred in the definition of the patterns and the peculiar characteristics of the rising pattern. METHODS: During a four year period, the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was obtained in 500 hypertensive patients with difficult to control blood pressure or of recent detection, following the guide of the Cardiorisk project. RESULTS: The most frequent pattern observed was non-dipper (46.6%). The pulse pressures obtained by ambulatory and office blood pressure monitoring kept a correlation that serve as guide to the office blood pressure measurements. The level of control by ambulatory monitoring blood pressure is only discretely superior to the office blood pressure if the cases of white coat and masked hypertension are considered. The rising pattern is associated to a major vascular risk. CONCLUSIONS: An increased vascular risk is noticed in the rising pattern with respect to other patterns. The morphology of different atypical patterns was also presented. The help of the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring along with one taken in the office determined a great aid to interpret the huge variability of the arterial pressure.

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