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Resumen Introducción: El panorama de la salud y nutrición de la población mexicana se enmarca en la conjunción de desnutrición crónica infantil, sobre todo en el medio rural e indígena, y el incremento significativo del sobrepeso y obesidad. Esta información proveniente de encuestas arroja resultados generalizados, sin considerar las particularidades del contexto biosociocultural en que viven comunidades indígenas, codeterminante de la condición nutricional de éstas. Objetivo: Estudiar el estatus nutricional de un grupo de escolares de cultura otomí residentes en una comunidad de México en situación de marginación, considerando el contexto biosociocultural en el que viven. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo transversal realizado en una localidad del Estado de México. Muestra por conveniencia constituida por 214 menores, entre 6 y 12 años de edad. Se emplearon técnicas antropométricas internacionalmente aceptadas para recabar la estatura y el peso, y se calculó el IMC. El estatus de nutrición se estimó con base en el peso, la estatura y el IMC para la edad y se compararon con los referentes de la OMS. Resultados: La prevalencia de estatura baja para la edad y la desnutrición es menor, no así el sobrepeso/obesidad que afecta a un tercio de los menores. Solo para el IMC por edad y sexo hubo diferencias en ciertos grupos de edad. Las puntuaciones z de los tres indicadores son semejantes entre niños y niñas. Discusión y Conclusiones: En comparación con los parámetros nacional y estatal, los menores estudiados muestran prevalencia menor de sobrepeso y obesidad asociado a su contexto sociocultural.

Abstract Introduction: The health and nutrition outlook of the Mexican population may be framed in terms of chronic infant malnutrition, largely in the rural and indigenous sectors, and a significant increase in overweight and obesity. This general information is obtained from surveys without taking into account the biosociocultural context that is a codeterminant of the nutritional condition of many small indigenous communities. Objective: To study the nutritional status of Otomí school children living in a marginalized Mexican community from the perspective of the biosociocultural context in which they live. Methods: This is a prospective and transversal study carried out in a location of the state of México, México. The convenience sample was constituted by 214 children between 6 and 12 years old. Internationally accepted anthropometric techniques were used to collect data on the height and weight of these children. BMIs were calculated. The status of nutrition was estimated based on the expected weight, height, and BMI for each age. These data were compared with the corresponding WHO references. Results: The prevalence of low height and malnutrition related to the ages of these children was found to be low, but one in three of these children was found to be overweight or obese. There were some age groups differences regarding the BMI. The z scores of the three indicators are similar between boys and girls. Discussion and Conclusions: In comparison to the national and state parameters, the children studied showed a low prevalence of overweight and obesity associated with their sociocultural context.

Resumo Introdução: O panorama da saúde e nutrição da população mexicana se enquadra na conjunção de desnutrição infantil crónica, sobretudo no médio rural e indígena, e o incremento significativo do sobrepeso e obesidade. Esta informação vinda de enquetes gera resultados generalizados, sem considerar as particularidades do contexto biosociocultural em que vivem comunidades indígenas, co-determinante da condição nutricional destas. Objetivo: Estudar o estado nutricional de um grupo de escolares de cultura Otomí residentes em uma comunidade do México em situação de marginação, considerando o contexto biosociocultural em que vivem. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo transversal realizado em uma localidade do Estado do México. Amostra de conveniência constituída por 214 menores entre 6 e 12 anos de idade. Empregaram-se técnicas antropométricas internacionalmente aceitas para coletar a altura e o peso, e foi calculado o IMC. O estado de nutrição foi estimado com base no peso, a altura e o IMC para a idade e foram comparados com os referentes da OMS. Resultados: A prevalência da baixa altura para a idade e a desnutrição é menor, no entanto o sobrepeso/obesidade afeta a um terço dos meninos. Apenas para o IMC por grupos de idade e sexo houve diferenças em determinadas faixas etárias. As pontuações z dos três indicadores são semelhantes entre meninos e meninas. Discussão e Conclusões: Em comparação com os parâmetros nacionais e estaduais, os meninos estudados mostram menor prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade associado ao seu contexto sociocultural.

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This paper reports the first characterization of the (NH(3))(n)NH+ cluster series produced by a 252Cf fission fragments (FF) impact onto a NH(3) ice target. The (NH(3))(n=1-6)NH+ members of this series have been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Their ion desorption yields show an exponential dependence of the cluster population on its mass, presenting a relative higher abundance at n = 5. The results of DFT/B3LYP calculations show that two main series of ammonium clusters may be formed. Both series follow a clear pattern: each additional NH(3) group makes a new hydrogen bond with one of the hydrogen atoms of the respective {NH(3)NH}+ and {NH(2)NH(2)}+ cores. The energy analysis (i.e., D-plot and stability analysis) shows that the calculated members of the (NH(3))(n-1){NH(2)NH(2)}+ series are more stable than those of the (NH(3))(n-1){NH(3)NH}+ series. The trend on the relative stability of the members of more stable series, (NH(3))(n-1){NH(2)NH(2)}+, shows excellent agreement with the experimental distribution of cluster abundances. In particular, the (NH(3))4{NH(2)NH(2)}+ structure is the most stable one, in agreement with the experiments.

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El tratamiento, actualmente aceptado, de la hepatitis crónica por virus C es el Interferón alfa y la dosis habitual es de 3.000.000 U, subcutáneas, tres veces por semana durante 6 meses

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Modifications in body proportionality translates into the different stages of development during the growing years of one's life. The lack of more direct and applied information on the topic, originated the current study, where already-published somatometric material was used. Two internationally accepted forms to measure the upper and lower portions of the body were analyzed: measuring height while in the sitting position (TS) or calculating height by using the difference in height minus that found in the sitting position (T-TS), or by measuring the lower segment (SI) or by subtracting and obtaining the value for the upper segment (SS). Since TS includes the muscular and fatty thickness of the gluteus, the value for T-TS is always lesser than that for the upper part of the body and therefore these are variables which do not clearly illustrate changes in linear proportionality. On the other hand, the SS is greater than the SI during infancy and the pre-school years. This relationship is later inverted (the only time during which both values are the same), a finding which occurs in small girls aged 4 years and 10 months, and little boys at the age of 6 years and 3 months. Therefore, these values and the point at which they intersect, constitute an excellent development age marker in an age for which, until now, no indicators with a practical application exists besides that of "bone age".

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A family with three brothers presenting 12p trisomy due to an adjacent-1 segregation of a paternal translocation (1;12) (q44;p12.2) is described. The patient's phenotype was compatible with the chromosomal imbalance including the gene dosage effect of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The importance of the genetic counseling in these families is stressed.

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Looking for intersexual differences in size and lineal and craniofacial proportionality, assumed to be secondary to genetic induction, non-distorted by environmental factors, we studied 200 newborns from families who were residents in proletarian zones, parents with very similar education and employment (qualified workers). We chose 15 size measurements from which we derived 23 ratios and 15 craniofacial measurements with four key indices. Significant but discrete intersexual differences were found in height and in cranial circumference, and larger differences in leg, foot, forearm and arm length; there were no differences in the proportionality indices. In eight of the 10 craniofacial measurements there were intersexual differences, but not on the ratios derived from them. We conclude that as an expression of genetic induction (accepting "size" as a phenomenon of accumulated growth, and the "ratios" of development or differentiation) what we found confirms other studies that point out that when a boy is born, he is bigger in size but less developed than the girl.

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Morphologic changes in Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni were evaluated as cultivated on thioglycollute broth, containing minimum of 0.1, 1.3 and 10 Ampicillin minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). During the first four hours of incubation, no changes occurred in the presence of 0.1 MIC; but with the rest of the ampicillin doses, even at the first hour, a proportion larger than 5% of filament-policurved forms was found, and it increased with the incubation time. The greatest number of altered bacteria was found with the use of 10 MIC. No other morphologic changes were observed.

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Se evaluo la morfologia de 28 cepas de Campylobacter fetus ssp jejuni en el primo aislamiento y en tres sub-cultivos sucesivos. El estudio morfologico se hizo al microscopio electronico de rastreo y al de transmision, mediante tincion negativa, sombreado con cromo, replicas de platino y cortes ultrafinos. Se encontraron dos alteraciones: la primera fue un predominio de formas alargadas policurvadas en dos primocultivos. No obstante, una de esas se normalizo hacia el segundo pasaje. La otra alteracion fue la transformacion a estructuras cocoides ocurridas en 4(14%) de las muestras analizadas. Se describe la posible evaluacion morfologica de las formas normales a los cocoides

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Considering the unquestionable echosensitivity of the lower segment and the great resistance that the upper segment shows to the negative action of the environmental factors, the study of the final height predictions was carried out based on the magnitude of the present height of the lower and the upper segments under the hypothesis that such predictions, but specially those involving the latter, would express the minimal genetic potential that each group would have as an average and that would approach considerably the one established for 18 year -old subjects selected to design reference patterns. For such purpose, 1 011 females, from 12 to 20 years of age and belonging to different socioeconomical levels were studied. In those belonging to the highest level, (normal growth) there were no significant differences in predictions made; on the other hand, subjects of the lowest level showed very noticeable differences in spite of which, predictions made, considering the upper segment, did not differ significantly from those made for the other group, nor with the height accepted as normal in reference patterns (160.6 +/- 7.4 cm).

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A somatometric estimation of the body constitution was made in 87 females and 72 males applying the values of weight and height, the muscle circumference and medial section of the left arm and fat area of that section. The material represented 28.57 and 23.61% respectively of the total number of the 5 to 19 years-old inhabitants of the Nahua community of Cuentepec, Morelos. Weight and height, -but specially the latter-were impaired, both in males as in females, but more markedly in the latter. The weight as expected for the height was not affected. The behavior of the total area of the arm was quite similar to that of the body weight. In contrast, in females under 14 years old, the muscle area of the arm was located as an average, slightly below the limits of normality; subsequently, it was normal. In males it was significantly lower than in females. The fat area was the most deteriorated and the defect was persistently greater in females than in males. All this means protection mechanisms of the active tissue mass (homeorrhesis) leading to a greater resistance in females, but at the same time, being responsible for a decrease in magnitude of the somatometric expression of the sexual dimorphism.

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Tomando como base la indudable ecosensibilidad del segmento inferior y la notable resistencia que el segmento superior muestra frente a la accion negativa de los factores ambientales, se considero oportuno el estudio de las predicciones de talla final hechas en base a la magnitud de talla actual, del segmento inferior y del segmento superior, en la hipotesis de que las realizadas en funcion de este ultimo expresarian el minimo potencial genetico que en promedio tendria cada grupo y que ellos se aproximarian considerablemente a la establecida en sujetos de 18 anos, seleccionados para elaborar patrones de referencia. Para ello, se estudiaron 1011 mujeres de 12 a 20 anos de edad pertenecientes a tres niveles socioeconomicos. En las de mejor condicion socioeconomica (crecimiento normal), no hubo diferencias significativas en las predicciones hechas; contrariamente, en las debiles sociales las hubo muy acentuadas, a pesar de lo cual las predicciones hechas en base al segmento superior no difirieron significativamente ni con las hechas para el otro grupo ni con la talla aceptada como normal en los patrones de referencia (160.5 mais ou menos 7.4 cm)

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A study on the state of nutrition was caried out in a group of 882 female students 12 to 20 years old attending public schools in Mexico City. Five somatometric variables were considered: weight and height in relation to age; weight in relation to height; perimeters of arm and leg. According to the weight in terms of age, 46% of cases fell within limits of normality (M +/- 1 D.S. of mentioned patterns); according to the perimeter of leg, this took place in 49% of the total and according to the perimeter of the arm, in 36%. Weight in relation to height was normal in 53% of cases and height in relation to age, in 62%. Frequency of subnormal cases was 47% for weight/age; 41% for perimeter of leg; 56% for perimeter of arm; 28% for weight/height and 33% for height/age. That of cases above M + 1 D.S. was, respectively of 7, 10, 7, 19 and 5% of the whole. Cases with overweight in relation to height, became more frequent as age increased, coincidentally also with greater frequency of cases with deficient perimeter of leg. According to perimeter of leg, 13% of these girl students might he considered affected of second degree malnutrition, this situation prevailed from 13 to 18 years of age, but was not true in the 12--year--old group. Out of all variables studied, perimeter of the leg was considered the most useful index to determine the state of nutrition. Weight in relation to height was used to judge the degree of adaptation (homeorrhesis). However, it is apparently more adequate to make an interpretation of the information obtained from the integration of the five variables considered.

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