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Multi-taxa approaches are increasingly used because they describe complementary aspects of ecosystem dynamics from a community ecology perspective. In west-central Mexico, the complex biogeography and topography have created an environment where temperate and tropical forests converge, resulting in great biological diversity. Within this region, the Sierra de Quila Natural Protected Area (SQPA) offers an important example for understanding ecological community dynamics. We analyze the taxonomic diversity of terrestrial vertebrates in the SQPA by incorporating taxonomic levels associated with species. We evaluated the taxonomic diversity with i) an average taxonomic distinctiveness analysis (alpha diversity) and ii) an analysis of taxonomic dissimilarity and partitioning of turnover and differences in richness components (beta diversity). Tropical forests boast the highest taxonomic diversity of amphibians, reptiles, and birds, while temperate gallery forests exhibit lower values. Our results showed that terrestrial vertebrate alpha and beta diversity patterns respond mainly to contrasting vegetation types (tropical vs. temperate). Regarding beta diversity, the multi-vegetation type analysis showed the highest values for reptiles, followed by amphibians, birds, and mammals. Turnover had the highest contribution to beta diversity, while differences in richness were relevant for amphibians and reptiles, which could be related to their low mobility and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Despite the local scale, the SQPA presented high beta diversity, reflecting historical ecological processes in taxonomic composition derived from contrasting environments and constraints imposed on species. Evaluating taxonomic structure from a multi-taxa perspective is essential for conservation efforts because it allows the spatial recognition of biological assemblages as a first step for local interventions.
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Biodiversidad , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Vertebrados , Animales , México , Vertebrados/clasificación , Anfibios/clasificación , Reptiles/clasificación , Aves/clasificación , Ecosistema , Bosques , Mamíferos/clasificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Image quality in positron emission tomography (PET) is influenced by positron range. In this work, the effect of the magnetic field of a PET/MR Siemens Biograph mMR 3T on the quality of PET images was studied. APPROACH: Experimental measurements were conducted using18F and68Ga-filled phantoms to quantify image uniformity, recovery coefficients (RCs), spill-over ratios and percent contrast for spherical lesions. Tissue-equivalent phantoms (lung inhale and exhale, adipose, water, trabecular and cortical bone) were used together with a line source to quantify the impact of the magnetic field on the reconstructed PET images. A comparative analysis was made with images obtained with a PET/CT Biograph Vision 600, using the same radionuclides and phantoms. MAIN RESULTS: Higher RCs values were obtained when the image quality phantom was filled with68Ga and scanned with the PET/MR system compared to those obtained with the PET/CT scanner. Hot spheres in the lesion detectability phantom, appear contracted in the transverse direction in the PET/MR system, an effect more evident for68Ga compared to18F, but no elongation in the direction parallel to the magnetic field was observed. In the PET/CT scanner, radial profiles taken from axial slices of line sources, show longer distribution tails extending beyond 20 mm when filled with68Ga and placed inside lung-inhale tissue. In the PET/MR scanner the radial profiles of all materials collapsed into a single distribution with tails extending no more than 10 mm in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. SIGNIFICANCE: Positron range depends on positron energy and material density in which they traverse. The results show an evident improvement in image quality in the transaxial direction only, particularly in phantoms filled with68Ga when using a PET/MR system as opposed to images acquired in the PET/CT system due to the presence of the magnetic field.
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Healthcare quality in low- and middle-income countries poses a significant challenge, contributing to heightened mortality rates from treatable conditions. The accreditation of health facilities was part of the former health reform in Mexico, proposed as a mechanism to enhance healthcare quality. This study assesses the performance of hospital accreditation in Mexico, utilizing indicators of effectiveness, efficiency, and safety. Employing a longitudinal approach with controlled interrupted time series analysis (C-ITSA) and fixed effects panel analysis, administrative data from general hospitals in Mexico is scrutinized. Results reveal that hospital accreditation in Mexico fails to enhance healthcare quality and, disconcertingly, indicates deteriorating performance associated with increased hospital mortality. Amidst underfunded health services, the implemented accreditation model proves inadequately designed to uplift care quality. A fundamental redesign of the public hospital accreditation model is imperative, emphasizing incentives for structural enhancement and standardized processes. Addressing the critical challenge of improving care quality is urgent for Mexico's healthcare system, necessitating swift action to achieve effective access as a benchmark for universal healthcare coverage.
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Acreditación , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , México , Acreditación/normas , Humanos , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Hospitales/normas , Análisis de Series de Tiempo Interrumpido , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
Resumen Introducción: la gestión eficiente del cambio y el bienestar de los empleados se han convertido en factores determinantes para el éxito organizacional. Este estudio se centró en analizar el papel mediador del clima organizacional en la relación entre la disposición al cambio y el bienestar eudaimónico de los colaboradores. Método: se contó con una muestra de 510 participantes de tres países (Colombia: n = 158, 31 %; España: n = 201, 39.4 %; Ecuador: n = 151, 29.6 %), con una edad media de 36.47 años (DE = 12.61), quienes respondieron el Test de Clima Organizacional (Focus-93), un Test de Disposición al Cambio Organizacional (CEDCO ) y un Índice de Bienestar Eudaimónico (EWB). Resultados: los análisis multivariados y de regresión con ecuaciones estructurales indicaron una capacidad predictiva limitada del cambio organizacional en el bienestar, y la influencia positiva de aquel en el clima organizacional, además de una relación moderada entre el bienestar y el clima organizacional. No obstante, la relación entre el cambio organizacional y el clima subraya la importancia de la gestión efectiva del cambio para incidir en el bienestar de los empleados. Conclusiones: estos hallazgos enfatizan la necesidad de diseñar estrategias que fomenten el bienestar de los empleados a través de la gestión del cambio y la promoción del clima organizacional positivo en entornos organizacionales específicos.
Abstract Introduction: Efficient change management and employee well-being have become determining factors for organizational success. This study focused on analyzing the mediating role of organizational climate in the relationship between willingness to change and eudaimonic well-being of employees. Method: There was a sample of 510 participants from three countries (Colombia: n = 158, 31%; Spain: n = 201, 39.4%; Ecuador: n = 151, 29.6%), with an average age of 36.47 years (SD = 12.61), who responded to the Organizational Climate Test (Focus-93), a Test of Readiness for Organizational Change (Cedco ) and an Index of Eudaimonic Well-being (EWB). Results: The multivariate and regression analyzes with structural equations indicated a limited predictive capacity of organizational change in well-being and the positive influence on the organizational climate, in addition to a moderate evaluation between well-being and organizational climate. However, the evaluation between organizational change and climate highlights the importance of effective change management to influence employee well-being. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the need to design strategies that foster employee well-being through change management and the promotion of a positive organizational climate in specific organizational settings.
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OBJECTIVE: The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new root canal filling sealer (RCFS) based on tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate in living tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups: control (polyethylene), sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Londrina, PR, Brazil), and experimental (tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope to assess different cellular events at different time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests. RESULTS: In the initial period, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, similar between the endodontic cements groups (p = 0.725). The intensity of the infiltrate decreased with time, with no significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The number of young fibroblasts was elevated in all groups evaluated at 7 days. The experimental group showed the highest number of cells at all time intervals, but the difference with the sealer group at 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 days (p = 0.002) and the control group at 30 days was not significant (p = 0.001). Regarding tissue repair events, the amount of collagen fibers increased over the experimental intervals, with no significant difference between the sealer and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The experimental RCFS based on calcium and strontium aluminates proved to be biocompatible for use in close contact with periapical tissue, inducing a low inflammatory reaction and favoring rapid tissue repair.
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BACKGROUND: Glycolytic metabolism in the brain of pediatric patients, imaged with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is incompletely characterized. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to characterize [18F]FDG-PET brain uptake in a large sample of pediatric patients with non-central nervous system diseases as an alternative to healthy subjects to evaluate changes at different pediatric ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven hundred ninety-five [18F]FDG-PET examinations from children < 18 years of age without central nervous system diseases were included. Each brain image was spatially normalized, and the standardized uptake value (SUV) was obtained. The SUV and the SUV relative to different pseudo-references were explored as a function of age. RESULTS: At all evaluated ages, the occipital lobe showed the highest [18F]FDG uptake (0.27 ± 0.04 SUV/year), while the parietal lobe and brainstem had the lowest uptake (0.17 ± 0.02 SUV/year, for both regions). An increase [18F]FDG uptake was found for all brain regions until 12 years old, while no significant uptake differences were found between ages 13 (SUV = 5.39) to 17 years old (SUV = 5.52) (P < 0.0001 for the whole brain). A sex dependence was found in the SUVmean for the whole brain during adolescence (SUV 5.04-5.25 for males, 5.68-5.74 for females, P = 0.0264). Asymmetries in [18F]FDG uptake were found in the temporal and central regions during infancy. CONCLUSIONS: Brain glycolytic metabolism of [18F]FDG, measured through the SUVmean, increased with age until early adolescence (< 13 years old), showing differences across brain regions. Age, sex, and brain region influence [18F]FDG uptake, with significant hemispheric asymmetries for temporal and central regions.
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Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Voluntarios Sanos , RadiofármacosAsunto(s)
Humanos , Oftalmología , Tecnología de la Información , Teléfono Inteligente , Tecnología BiomédicaRESUMEN
La imagen es parte de la columna vertebral en la medicina y que llega a su máximo punto en la Oftalmología. La importancia de la fotografía ocular va desde registrar condiciones médicas específicas, rastrear la progresión de enfermedades y crear ilustraciones para la publicación y la enseñanza; en resumen, una herramienta indispensable para el diagnóstico. Los aditamentos que en la presente publicación mostramos, son el resultado de una investigación de desarrollo que se realizó en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer", durante el año 2021 con el objetivo de crear aditamentos que, acoplados a los teléfonos inteligentes, permiten tomar imágenes en el área de la Oftalmología utilizando la tecnología de impresión 3D. Inicialmente se identificaron los lugares que permitan crear imágenes en la especialidad con un aditamento y el teléfono inteligente, posteriormente se procederá a diseñar los aditamentos de acuerdo a las características del lugar donde se van a utilizar y finalmente mostramos la utilidad de los prototipos diseñados en la práctica docente(AU)
Imaging is part of the backbone in medicine and it reaches its peak in Ophthalmology. The importance of ocular photography ranges from recording specific medical conditions, tracking disease progression, and creating illustrations for publication and teaching; in short, an indispensable tool for diagnosis. The attachments, which we show in the present publication, are the result of a development research that was carried out at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer" during the year 2021 with the aim of creating attachments that, coupled to smartphones, allow taking images in the area of Ophthalmology using 3D printing technology. Initially we identified the places that allow creating images in the specialty with an attachment and the smartphone, then we will proceed to design the attachments according to the characteristics of the place where they will be used and finally we show the usefulness of the designed prototypes in the teaching practice(AU)
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Humanos , Oftalmología , Fotografía/métodosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Identificar la relación de los pseudodrusen reticulares con la degeneración macular asociada a la edad mediante imágenes tomográficas. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en pacientes con pseudodrusen reticulares atendidos en consulta de retina a los que se les realizó tomografía de coherencia óptica espectral desde enero de 2009 hasta diciembre de 2014 en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer". La población estuvo constituida por 69 pacientes de 55 años y más con pseudodrusen reticulares en dichas imágenes. Resultados: Los pseudodrusen predominaron en pacientes con edades comprendidas entre los 70 y 79 años para un 49,3 por ciento. El sexo femenino fue el más numeroso con un 76,8 por ciento. De los 122 ojos con pseudodrusen, 86 presentaron algún signo de degeneración macular asociada a la edad representado por el 70,5 por ciento. El 58,1 por ciento de estos últimos tuvo la forma avanzada. La membrana neovascular tipo II fue la más frecuente con un 58,0 por ciento. El grosor coroideo se estimó disminuido en el 77,9 por ciento de los casos. Conclusiones: Los pseudodrusen reticulares mantienen una relación directa con la degeneración macular asociada a la edad e influyen en la progresión de esta(AU)
Objective: To identify the relationship of reticular pseudodrusen with age-related macular degeneration using tomographic imaging. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with reticular pseudodrusen seen in retina consultation who underwent spectral optical coherence tomography from January 2009 to December 2014 at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology "Ramón Pando Ferrer". The population consisted of 69 patients aged 55 years and older with reticular pseudodrusen in these images. Results: Pseudodrusen predominated in patients between 70 and 79 years of age (49.3 percent). The female gender was the most numerous with 76.8 percent. Out of the 122 eyes with pseudodrusen, 86 showed some sign of age-related macular degeneration (70.5 percent). Out of the latter, 58.1 percent had the advanced form. Type II neovascular membrane was the most frequent with 58.0 percent. Choroidal thickness was estimated decreased in 77.9 percent of cases. Conclusions: Reticular pseudodrusen maintain a direct relationship with age-related macular degeneration and influence its progression(AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Degeneración Macular/etiología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Observacionales como AsuntoRESUMEN
Resumen El contexto social y educativo ha cambiado producto del aislamiento social por COVID-19. La investigación pretendió determinar la presencia de estrés académico, identificar los estresores, indagar el proceso de afrontamiento y revisar los resultados del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria. El enfoque del trabajo fue mixto con diseño explicativo secuencial y la muestra estuvo constituida por 178 estudiantes de los tres últimos años de secundaria. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de estrés académico, siendo las mujeres, los estudiantes de escuelas privadas y de último año escolar quienes presentaban más estrés. Las tareas, el tiempo para desarrollarlas y la poca comprensión de los temas desarrollados fueron los principales estímulos estresores. Las estrategias de afrontamiento se centraron en organizar la carga académica, defender sus ideas y la búsqueda de información. El rendimiento académico mostró una relación inversa con el estrés y los varones presentaron mejor puntuación en el rendimiento. Por otra parte, los estudiantes percibieron que el buen humor y la interacción social con su familia y amigos son aspectos importantes; además, buscaron diversas actividades recreativas para superar los tiempos difíciles considerando las limitaciones de tiempo y espacio.
Abstract The social and educational context have changed as a result of social isolation due to COVID-19. The research aimed to determine the presence of academic stress, identify stressors, investigate the coping process and review the results of the academic performance of Peruvian students. The research approach was mixed with sequential explanatory scope and the sample consisted of 178 students from the final three year of study of high school. The results evidenced the presence of academic stress in the sample, being the women, the students of private schools and the students in their final year of study who presented more stress. The homework, the time to carry them out and the poor understanding of the topics developed were the main stressors. The coping strategies focused on organizing the courses load, defending their ideas and search information. Academic performance showed an inverse relationship with stress, and men had better performance scores. On the other hand, the students perceived that good humor and social interaction with their family and friends are important aspects; furthermore, they seek various leisure and recreational activities to overcome difficult times considering the limitations of time and space.
Resumo O contexto social e educacional mudou em decorrência do isolamento social devido ao COVID-19. Portanto, o objetivo principal da investigação foi verificar a presença de estresse acadêmico, identificar estressores, investigar o processo de enfrentamento e revisar os resultados do desempenho acadêmico de estudantes peruanos do ensino médio. O trabalho teve uma abordagem mista com um desenho explicativo sequencial e a amostra foi composta por 178 alunos dos três últimos anos do ensino médio. Os resultados mostraram a presença de estresse acadêmico, sendo as mulheres, alunos de escolas privadas e alunos do último ano letivo os que mais apresentaram estresse. As tarefas, o tempo para desenvolvê-las e a pouca compreensão dos temas desenvolvidos foram os principais estressores. As estratégias de enfrentamento focaram em organizar a carga acadêmica, defender suas ideias e buscar informações. O desempenho acadêmico apresentou relação inversa com o estresse e os meninos apresentaram melhores escores de desempenho. Por outro lado, os alunos perceberam que o bom humor e a interação social com a família e amigos são aspectos importantes; além disso, buscaram diversas atividades recreativas para superar momentos difíceis, considerando as limitações de tempo e espaço.
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Estrés Psicológico , Adaptación PsicológicaRESUMEN
El contexto social y educativo ha cambiado producto del aislamiento social por COVID-19. La investigación pretendió determinar la presencia de estrés académico, identificar los estresores, indagar el proceso de afrontamiento y revisar los resultados del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria. El enfoque del trabajo fue mixto con diseño explicativo secuencial y la muestra estuvo constituida por 178 estudiantes de los tres últimos años de secundaria. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de estrés académico, siendo las mujeres, los estudiantes de escuelas privadas y de último año escolar quienes presentaban más estrés. Las tareas, el tiempo para desarrollarlas y la poca comprensión de los temas desarrollados fueron los principales estímulos estresores. Las estrategias de afrontamiento se centraron en organizar la carga académica, defender sus ideas y la búsqueda de información. El rendimiento académico mostró una relación inversa con el estrés y los varones presentaron mejor puntuación en el rendimiento. Por otra parte, los estudiantes percibieron que el buen humor y la interacción social con su familia y amigos son aspectos importantes; además, buscaron diversas actividades recreativas para superar los tiempos difíciles considerando las limitaciones de tiempo y espacio.
The social and educational context have changed as a result of social isolation due to COVID-19. The research aimed to determine the presence of academic stress, identify stressors, investigate the coping process and review the results of the academic performance of Peruvian students. The research approach was mixed with sequential explanatory scope and the sample consisted of 178 students from the final three year of study of high school. The results evidenced the presence of academic stress in the sample, being the women, the students of private schools and the students in their final year of study who presented more stress. The homework, the time to carry them out and the poor understanding of the topics developed were the main stressors. The coping strategies focused on organizing the courses load, defending their ideas and search information. Academic performance showed an inverse relationship with stress, and men had better performance scores. On the other hand, the students perceived that good humor and social interaction with their family and friends are important aspects; furthermore, they seek various leisure and recreational activities to overcome difficult times considering the limitations of time and space.
O contexto social e educacional mudou em decorrência do isolamento social devido ao COVID-19. Portanto, o objetivo principal da investigação foi verificar a presença de estresse acadêmico, identificar estressores, investigar o processo de enfrentamento e revisar os resultados do desempenho acadêmico de estudantes peruanos do ensino médio. O trabalho teve uma abordagem mista com um desenho explicativo sequencial e a amostra foi composta por 178 alunos dos três últimos anos do ensino médio. Os resultados mostraram a presença de estresse acadêmico, sendo as mulheres, alunos de escolas privadas e alunos do último ano letivo os que mais apresentaram estresse. As tarefas, o tempo para desenvolvê-las e a pouca compreensão dos temas desenvolvidos foram os principais estressores. As estratégias de enfrentamento focaram em organizar a carga acadêmica, defender suas ideias e buscar informações. O desempenho acadêmico apresentou relação inversa com o estresse e os meninos apresentaram melhores escores de desempenho. Por outro lado, os alunos perceberam que o bom humor e a interação social com a família e amigos são aspectos importantes; além disso, buscaram diversas atividades recreativas para superar momentos difíceis, considerando as limitações de tempo e espaço.
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Background: The poorly developed soils of the embryo dunes imply little capacity for plant support, however, the adaptation mechanisms of plants respond sensitively to environmental variations, even when these variations are small, which results in a set of specialized habitats and flora that are rarely shared with other terrestrial ecosystems. The coastal dunes of the Mexican Pacific remain vaguely studied, this is why this research explored the relationship between environmental properties and the presence of plant species in the embryo dunes of the coast of Jalisco, Mexico. Methods: Twenty-nine sites were sampled, one or two sites per embryo dune, with a random stratified design. Geomorphological and vegetation data were collected at site. Laboratory determinations included soil color, particle size, organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, magnetite content, and moisture retention. Statistical analysis included correlation analysis to identify relationships between environmental variables; principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis to group dune sites by environmental properties; canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to determine a possible significant relationship between the presence of plant species and environmental variables; cluster analysis to group dune sites by presence/absence of plant species and correlate both clusters to validate the relationship between them, the salient aspects of this relationship were described and the spatial distribution of the groups was mapped. Results: Eleven plant species were identified, six of them exclusive to the embryo dunes and the rest ubiquitous. The incipient development of these soils is reflected in a low content of organic matter, silt, clay, and moisture retention, with scattered data on granulometry, electrical conductivity, organic matter, and magnetite. Some significant correlations were found between some environmental properties, and the CCA showed a significant relationship between the presence of plant species and environmental variables (p-value of the Monte Carlo test = 0.026). The cluster analysis of dune sites according to environmental variables and the cluster analysis by presence/absence of plant species produces the formation of five groups of sites with significant environmental differences and five groups of sites with significant floristic differences. A significant connection (r = 0.471, p = 0.01) between the two clustering schemes also evidences the meaningful relationship between the presence of plant species and the environmental characteristics of the embryo dunes of Jalisco, Mexico. Differences in habitat preferences were observed among plant species exclusive to the embryo dunes; thus, Abronia maritima, Uniola pittieri, and Pectis arenaria showed a preference for embryo dunes with poor edaphic conditions, in contrast to Okenia hypogaea, Canavalia rosea, and Scaevola plumieri, which were mostly found in embryo dunes with higher fertility.
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Ecosistema , Óxido Ferrosoférrico , México , Ambiente , Suelo/química , PlantasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Brain metabolic processes are not fully characterized in the kainic acid (KA)-induced Status Epilepticus (KASE). Thus, we evaluated the usefulness of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) as an experimental strategy to evaluate in vivo, in a non-invasive way, the glucose consumption in several brain regions, in a semi-quantitative study to compare and to correlate with data from electroencephalography and histology studies. METHODS: Sixteen male Wistar rats underwent FDG-PET scans at basal state and after KA injection. FDG-PET images were normalized to an MRI-based atlas and segmented to locate regions. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were obtained at several time points. EEGs and cell viability by histological analysis, were also evaluated. RESULTS: FDG-PET data showed changes in regions such as: amygdala, hippocampus, accumbens, entorhinal cortex, motor cortex and hypothalamus. Remarkably, hippocampal hypermetabolism was found (mean SUV = 2.66 ± 0.057) 2 h after KA administration, while hypometabolism at 24 h (mean SUV = 1.83 ± 0.056) vs basal values (mean SUV = 2.19 ± 0.057). EEG showed increased spectral power values 2 h post-KA administration. Hippocampal viable-cell counting 24 h after KA was decreased, while Fluoro-Jade B-positive cells were increased, as compared to control rats, coinciding with the hypometabolism detected in the same region by semi-quantitative FDG-PET at 24 h after KASE. CONCLUSIONS: PET is suitable to measure metabolic brain changes in the rat model of status epilepticus induced by KA (KASE) at the first 24 h, compared to that of EEG; PET data may also be sensitive to cell viability.
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Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/farmacología , Ácido Kaínico/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Electroencefalografía , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18 , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patología , Masculino , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Radiofármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamente , Estado Epiléptico/metabolismo , Estado Epiléptico/patologíaRESUMEN
The present investigation using Positron Emission Tomography shows how peptide VSAK can reduce the detrimental effects produced by lipopolysaccharides in Dutch dwarf rabbits, used to develop the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). Animals concomitantly treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptide VSAK show important protection in the loss of radiolabeled-glucose uptake observed in diverse organs when animals are exclusively treated with LPS. Treatment with peptide VSAK prevented the onset of changes in serum levels of glucose and insulin associated with the establishment of SIRS and the insulin resistance-like syndrome. Treatment with peptide VSAK also allowed an important attenuation in the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-treated animals. As a whole, our data suggest that peptide VSAK might be considered as a candidate in the development of new therapeutic possibilities focused on mitigating the harmful effects produced by lipopolysaccharides during the course of SIRS.
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Glucosa/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Péptidos/administración & dosificación , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/patología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/química , Glucosa/análisis , Insulina/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/metabolismo , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/química , Membrana Dobles de Lípidos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Péptidos/química , Péptidos/metabolismo , Conejos , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
La catarata senil es la primera causa de ceguera reversible en el mundo y la cirugía constituye el único método para solucionar esta enfermedad, con alto nivel de seguridad y elevada mejoría en calidad visual y de vida. Por ser una afectación que ocurre en pacientes de la tercera edad, con frecuencia presentan enfermedades sistémicas como hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, enfermedades cardiovasculares, entre otras. Hasta esta fecha se indican exámenes de laboratorio de rutina en el preoperatorio que para algunas instituciones son innecesarios por el bajo riesgo de esta técnica quirúrgica. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Cochrane y Google Académico con el objetivo de revisar lo relacionado con la necesidad de efectuar estos exámenes de laboratorio como rutina antes de la cirugía de catarata. Existen pocos artículos referentes al tema, por lo que se seleccionaron los de mayor evidencia científica. Se pudo concluir que no hay evidencia sobre los requerimientos y necesidades de estudios de laboratorio en el preoperatorio, ya que sus resultados no aportan la capacidad de predecir la morbilidad o de cambiar la conducta relacionada con el proceder quirúrgico o anestésico(AU)
Senile cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness worldwide. Surgery is the only method available to heal this condition, with a high level of safety and considerable improvement in visual quality and quality of life. Being as it is a condition occurring in elderly patients, systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, among others, are usually present. Routine preoperative laboratory tests are customarily indicated which some institutions consider unnecessary due to the low risk of this surgical procedure. A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane and Google Scholar with the purpose of reviewing published information about the need to conduct these laboratory tests as routine practice before cataract surgery. Since few papers about the topic were available, a selection was made of the ones providing the most relevant scientific evidence. It was concluded that no evidence exists about the requirements of and need for preoperative laboratory studies, since their results do not contribute to the ability to predict morbidity or change the conduct related to the surgical or anesthetic procedure(AU)
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Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/efectos adversos , Extracción de Catarata/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Gestión de la Calidad TotalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Vertigo is a seldom studied symptom in the paediatric population, where the prevalence is less than 1%. Vestibular disorders in children are not comparable to those of adults and are often underdiagnosed. Identifying the main causes of these disorders would provide reliable and accurate data of the diseases in certain age groups, improving the diagnostic process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. Consecutive records of patients, aged 3 to 17years, attended due to vestibular, balance and associated symptoms (vertigo, dizziness, hearing loss, balance disorders and headache), attended by the otoneurology service of a tertiary hospital, between September 2010 and September 2018, were included. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the analysis. All p-values reported from these analyses were two-tailed with a significance level <.05. RESULTS: 212 cases were registered from 6,444 consultations (3.3%). The proportion between males and females was similar. The mean age of the group was 14.5 (±3.9) years, the median age of onset of symptoms was 11 (IQR 8-14) years and that of the first consultation was 13 (IQR 10-15) years. As a cardinal symptom, 51.9% attended due to vertigo, 25.5% due to dizziness, 9.9% due to gait instability, 7.5% due to hearing loss and 5.2% due to headache. Of the episodes of vertigo, 61.8% were of peripheral origin, 69 32.5% central and 12 5.7% outside the vestibular system. Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, dysfunction and vestibular migraine accounted for more than 65% of cases. No differences were found between the diagnoses regarding the sex and age of the participants (P>.05). CONCLUSION: Vestibular and balance disorders are rare in the study population and most of the causes are benign and potentially self-limited disorders.
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El objetivo principal de la investigación fue analizar la estructura factorial y la consistencia de una escala de compromiso académico a través del análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio y multigrupo; y también, con el coeficiente Alfa. La muestra estuvo conformada por 1110 estudiantes de diversas universidades de Lima, Perú y el instrumento analizado fue la Escala de Utrecht de Engagement Académico (UWES-S) de 17 ítems. Durante el análisis factorial exploratorio, se evidenció que los ítems se agrupan en tres factores: dedicación, vigor y absorción; y se eliminó el ítem 10 por presentar carga factorial en más de una dimensión. El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo es óptimo; por otra parte, el análisis factorial multigrupo señaló que el instrumento presenta un ajuste adecuado para la muestra de varones y mujeres. Además, la escala final de 16 ítems obtuvo un coeficiente Alfa igual a .83. Con lo anterior, se aporta un instrumento válido para la evaluación del compromiso académico en estudiantes universitarios peruanos.
The main purpose of the research was to analyze the factor structure and consistency of an academic engagement scale through exploratory, confirmatory and multigroup factor analysis; and also, with the Alpha coefficient. The sample consisted of 1,110 students from several universities in Lima, Peru and the instrument analyzed was the Utrecht Academic Engagement Scale (UWES-S) of 17 items. During the exploratory factor analysis, it was evident that the items are grouped into three factors: dedication, vigor and absorption; and item 10 was eliminated for presenting factor loading in more than one dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model is optimal; on the other hand, the multigroup factor analysis indicated that the instrument presents an appropriate adjustment for a sample of men and women. Furthermore, the final scale of 16 items obtained an alpha coefficient equal to .83. With the above, a valid instrument is provided for the evaluation of academic engagement in Peruvian university students.
O principal objetivo da investigação foi analisar a estrutura fatorial e a consistência de uma escala de engajamento acadêmico por meio de análise fatorial exploratória, confirmatória e multigrupo; e também com o coeficiente alpha. A amostra foi composta por 1110 estudantes de várias universidades de Lima, Peru, e o instrumento analisado foi a Escala Utrecht de Engajamento Acadêmico (UWES-S) de 17 itens. Durante a análise fatorial exploratória, demonstrou-se que os itens estão agrupados em três fatores: dedicação, vigor e absorção; e o item 10 foi eliminado por apresentar carga fatorial em mais de uma dimensão. A análise fatorial confirmatória indicou que o modelo é ótimo; Por outro lado, a análise fatorial multigrupo indicou que o instrumento apresenta um ajuste adequado para a amostra de homens e mulheres. Além disso, a escala final de 16 itens obteve um coeficiente alfa igual a .83. Com o exposto, este trabalho fornece um instrumento válido para avaliar o engajamento acadêmico em estudantes universitários peruanos.
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Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Investigación , Análisis Factorial , Universidades , AbsorciónRESUMEN
Resumen El hueso de nanche es un residuo agrícola con gran potencial de uso como adsorbente. Al respecto, se evaluó la capacidad de adsorción de iones Cd(II) y Pb(II), presentes en solución acuosa, utilizando este residuo. Las pruebas realizadas en este estudio fueron: la determinación del punto de carga cero (pHPZC), determinación de sitios activos (método de Boehm y espectroscopía FTIR) y el desarrollo de los modelos matemáticos de Langmuir, Freundlich y Prausnitz-Radke, a través de isotermas de adsorción. Los resultados obtenidos del pHPZC del hueso de nanche estuvieron en un rango ácido (6,0), mientras que la concentración de sitios ácidos y básicos fue de 0,1037 y 0,046 mol/g, respectivamente. Los espectros infrarrojos (FTIR) detectaron sitios funcionales ácidos asociados al grupo fenol, ácidos carboxílicos y lactonas. Finalmente, la capacidad de adsorción del hueso de nanche para Cd(II) y Pb(II) se incrementó con el pH y alcanzó porcentajes de remoción hasta de 84 % para Cd(II) a pH 8, y de 82% para Pb(II) a pH 5. En conclusión, el pH y la presencia de sitios funcionales ácidos fueron determinantes en la eliminación de los iones Pb(II) y Cd(II).
Abstract The nanche stone is an agricultural residue that has great potential as adsorbent. Then, the adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions present in aqueous solution was evaluated, using the stone as adsorbent. The tests performed for this purpose were the determination of point of zero charge (pHPZC), determination of active sites (Boehm method and FTIR spectroscopy), and the development of the mathematical models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Prausnitz-Radke through adsorption isotherms. The results obtained from the pHPZC of the nanche stone were in an acidic range (6,0), while the concentration of acid and basic sites were 0.1037 and 0.046 mol/g respectively. The infrared spectra (FTIR) detected acid functional sites associated with the phenol group, carboxylic acids, and lactones. Finally, the adsorption capacity of nanche stone to Cd(II) and Pb(II), increased with the pH, achieving percentages of removal up to 84% for Cd (II) to pH 8, and of 82% for Pb(II) to pH 5. In conclusion, the pH and the presence of acidic functional sites were decisive in the elimination of the Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions.
Resumo O osso Nanche é um resíduo agrícola que possui grande potencial como adsorvente, neste respeito, a capacidade de adsorção de íons Cd(II) e Pb(II) presentes em solução aquosa foi avaliada, utilizando osso como adsorvente. Os testes realizados para este fim foram a determinação do ponto zero de carga (pHPZC), a determinação de sites ativos (método Boehm e espectroscopia FTIR) e o desenvolvimento dos modelos matemáticos de Langmuir, Freundlich e Prausnitz-Radke através de isotermas de adsorção. Os resultados obtidos do pHPZC do osso nanche foram em uma faixa ácida (6,0), enquanto a concentração de ácidos e sites básicos foram 0,1037 e 0,046 mol / g, respectivamente. Os espectros de infravermelho (FTIR) detectaram sites funcionais ácidos associados ao grupo fenol, ácidos carboxílicos e lactonas. Finalmente, a capacidade de adsorção do osso nanche para Cd(II) e Pb(II), aumentou com o pH, atingindo porcentagens de remoção de até 84% para o Cd(II) em pH 8, e 82% para Pb(II) a pH 5. Em conclusão, o pH e a presença de sites funcionais ácidos foram decisivos na eliminação dos íons Pb (II) e Cd (II).
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La Dirección de Urgencias y Emergencias en Salud tiene el propósito de liderar, gestionar y evaluar las estrategias, los planes y programas, que permitan adelantar las acciones de preparación, coordinación, respuesta, rehabilitación, mitigación y recuperación de los efectos en la salud frente a una urgencia, emergencia o desastre en el Distrito Capital con calidad, suficiencia y oportunidad. El presente informe da a conocer una parte de la información estadística mensual que evidencia su gestión y la de sus dos Subdirecciones: Centro Regular de Urgencias y Emergencias y Gestión de Riesgo de Emergencias y Desastres. La publicación y difusión es en línea, de carácter público, para hacerlo de fácil acceso a toda persona interesada en conocer los principales resultados de la implementación del Sistema de Emergencias Médicas SEM de manera informativa a través de indicadores en salud, gráficas, tablas e información más representativa.