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This study evaluated the incorporation of two ingredients as a source of bioactive compounds: amaranth flour (AF) and grape pomace peels flour (GP) to improve the nutritional qualities and functional properties of a wheat bread, emphasising the revalorisation of agricultural residues from grape winemaking as an ethical and economically viable source of bioactive compounds. Specifically, wheat flour (WF) substitutions were carried out for the individual ingredients, replacing 20% WF (A20 bread) or 5% GP (GP5 bread) and a mixture of both ingredients 20% WF and 5% GP (A20GP5 bread), and the antioxidant potential of the breads was analysed. The effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) on the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the fortified breads was also investigated. The substitution of WF by AF or GP introduced several phenolic compounds, digestion increased the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and reshaped their phenolic composition profiles. The combined presence of AF and GP in the breads modified the phenolic compounds composition and improved their antioxidant activity after SGID. Interactions between the phenolic compounds and other AF components (possibly proteins) were observed, which could protect the phenols from degradation during SGID, allowing them to be released after SGID.

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The potential of peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of two products derived from Amaranthus manteggazianus seeds, flour (F) and beverage (B), to exert peroxyl scavenging activity (ORAC) and antioxidant action on intestinal cells was studied. B was prepared by solubilisation of seed proteins, with the addition of gums and the application of a pasteurization treatment. The gastrointestinal digests FD and BD showed some differences in the peptide/polypeptide composition. The SGID produced increased ORAC activity for both samples, with some differences in the ORAC of the whole digests BD and FD and of some gel filtration fractions. Bioaccessible fractions (FDdbs and BDdbs) were obtained after treatment with cholestyramine resin to remove bile salts due to their cytotoxicity and oxidative effect. BDdbs presented a greater ORAC potency (IC50: 0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.008 ± 0.004 mg protein/ml for FDdbs and BDdbs, respectively). These fractions showed low cytotoxicity values (measured by LDH release) and produced high intracellular ROS inhibition (around 80 %), increased the SOD activity and the GSH content, with no effect on GPx activity in Caco2-TC7 cells exposed to H2O2. Several fractions with MM < 2.2 kDa presented also these cellular actions; fractions from FD induced higher increases in GSH concentration. Amaranth flour and a processed matrix like the beverage are shown as sources of bioactive peptides with potential cell antioxidant activity.

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Fundamento: la bioseguridad es considerada como una norma preventiva universal para reducir factores de riesgo, está orientada en el ámbito de la salud al fomento de la seguridad, y la protección de profesionales y estudiantes en contextos de riesgo. Objetivo: valorar el nivel de conocimientos en estudiantes de Enfermería sobre las medidas de bioseguridad durante la pesquisa de COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en el período comprendido de febrero a octubre 2021, en Camagüey, Cuba. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación, y empíricos: la observación participante y encuesta confeccionada por los autores. Se establecieron como variables: área de salud, cifra de estudiantes contagiados, posibles causas de contagio y nivel de conocimientos sobre bioseguridad. Resultados: hubo mayor representación de estudiantes del municipio Santa Cruz (15 %). El área de salud con más contagios fue Previsora con un 6,25 %. Las posibles causas de contagio identificadas se refieren a la conducta higiénico-sanitaria durante la pesquisa: dificultades en el uso de la mascarilla, la distancia física entre estudiantes y con la población objeto de pesquisa, y uso de desinfectante 91,25 %, 87,50 % y 82,50 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: se valoró que el nivel de conocimientos en estudiantes de Enfermería sobre las medidas de bioseguridad durante la pesquisa de COVID-19 fue bajo, a pesar de haber recibido un curso de capacitación previo a la actividad, y su presencia en los programas de estudio.

Background: biosafety is considered a universal preventive norm to reduce risk factors, it is oriented in the field of health to promote safety, and the protection of professionals and students in risk contexts. Objective: to assess the level of knowledge in Nursing students about biosafety measures during COVID-19 screening. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the period from February to October 2021, in Camagüey, Cuba. Theoretical methods were applied for the foundation of the research, and empirical ones: participant observation and survey made by the authors. The following variables were established: health area, number of infected students, possible causes of infection, and level of knowledge about biosafety. Results: there was a greater representation of students from the Santa Cruz municipality (15%). The health area with the most infections was Previsora ​​with 6.25%. The possible causes of contagion identified refer to hygienic-sanitary behavior during the investigation: difficulties in the use of the mask, the physical distance between students and with the population under investigation, and the use of disinfectant 91.25%, 87, 50% and 82.50% respectively. Conclusions: it was assessed that the level of knowledge in Nursing students about biosafety measures during the COVID-19 screening was low, despite having received a training course prior to the activity, and their presence in the study programs.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4), a tumour-suppressor protein, selectively induces apoptosis of cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Its soluble form is induced by secretagogues (e.g., chloroquine), and it induces apoptosis by interacting with the receptor of glucose-regulated protein 78, which is overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, curcumin was analyzed as an inducer of PAR4 expression in 4T1 murine breast cancer cell. and its ability to induce PAR4 secretion in Balb/c mice. In addition, the cisplatin sensitizing effect of soluble PAR4 was analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 4T1 cell line was treated in vitro using different concentrations of curcumin; cell viability was analyzed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and PAR4 expression by western blotting. The expression of soluble PAR4 in the serum of mice treated with intraperitoneal curcumin was analyzed using the dot-blot method. Moreover, MTT assay was used to analyze the effects of serum from curcumin-treated mice on cell viability. Tumor size was analyzed in mice treated with curcumin alone and in combination with cisplatin. RESULTS: Curcumin showed a dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability on 4T1 cells, as well as increasing PAR4 expression. Compared with the control group (phosphate-buffered saline), mice treated with curcumin showed an increase in plasma PAR4. In the Balb/C tumor model, mice treated with curcumin and cisplatin showed greater tumor shrinkage than the control group. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that curcumin induces expression of soluble PAR4 and sensitizes tumor cells to cisplatin.

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BACKGROUND/AIM: Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) is involved in the development of the urogenital system and is expressed in podocytes throughout life. Inflammation of renal glomeruli causes renal damage-induced nephrotic syndrome and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome have mutations in the WT1 gene. The aim of this work was to determine if the inflammatory process modulates the expression and localization of WT1 in podocytes that cause kidney damage using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice as a sepsis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In investigation of renal damage, proteinuria and histology were analyzed. WT1 modulation was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays, and proinflammatory cytokines were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS: WT1 expression decreased most at 24 and 36 h after the induction of inflammation and phosphorylated WT1 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm, reduced nephrin mRNA expression and increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1ß. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the immune system plays an important role in the modulation of WT1, leading to kidney damage.

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This study evaluated the effect on Wistar rat's oxidative status of incorporating amaranth flour (AF) and protein isolate (AI) in increased-fat diets. Five of the groups were fed for 4 weeks with either BD (basal diet), Chol+F (2% cholesterol, 10% porcine fat), Chol+F+E (0.005% α-tocopherol), Chol+F+AF1 or Chol+F+AI1 (25% of protein replacement) diets. The other two groups were fed for 4 weeks with Chol+F and then 1 week with Chol+F+AF2 or Chol+F+AI2 diet (50% of protein replacement). Various effects on the oxidative stress biomarkers in tissues (intestine and liver) were observed. These effects were dependent on the ingredients, dose, and administration time. In the intestinal cells, Chol+F+AF1 and Chol+F+AI2 produced an increment in the reduced glutathione (GSH) content (56% and 39%, respectively), while Chol+F+AF2 induced an increment in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) (25%) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (46%) activities. The presence of certain components in flour (e.g., fiber, polyphenols, squalene) could explain the higher activity recorded for AF. In the liver, Chol+F+AF2 produced a decrease in SOD (19%) and GSH (36%), as well as an increase in GPx (255%); Chol+F+AI1 and Chol+F+AI2 also produced a decrease in GSH (36% and 24%, respectively) and important increments in GPx activity (273% for Chol+F+AI1 and 2,900% for Chol+F+AI2 ). These effects were dependent on the AI dose and were probably produced by absorbed peptides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: It is known that redox imbalances are involved in the genesis of many chronic diseases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent them or limit their severity by improving the body's antioxidant defense mechanisms through dietary incorporation of antioxidant substances. The results suggest that amaranth protein isolate and amaranth flour have the potential for regulating intestinal and liver cells redox balance; effects were more evident when they contributed 50% of the diet's protein content and were administered for 1 week. Both amaranth ingredients could be used as ingredients in the development of functional foods with beneficial antioxidant properties.

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INTRODUCCIÓN Las personas con padecimiento mental han tenido históricamente mayores restricciones para el acceso a sus derechos, incluido el derecho al trabajo. La pandemia y la crisis económica aumentaron las desigualdades sociales, pero se desconoce en específico, cuál fue el impacto en las condiciones de inclusión/exclusión sociolaboral de las personas con padecimiento mental en CABA. Objetivo Describir la situación sociolaboral de personas adultas que reciben asistencia en el Servicio de Salud Mental del Hospital Piñero, e identificar el efecto de la pandemia considerando las particularidades según género, grupo etario, país de nacimiento y condición frente a la discapacidad. MÉTODOS Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, transversal y prospectivo en el que participaron voluntariamente 286 usuaries adultes a quienes se entrevistó entre noviembre/21 y agosto/22. Los ejes de indagación fueron aspectos sociodemográficos y situación laboral previa a la pandemia y actual. RESULTADOS En la población estudiada la tasa de desocupación pasó del 14,3% al 29,6%; la de empleo, del 60,8% al 46,5%; la de inactividad del 29% al 33,9% y la de subocupación del 35,5% al 42,9%. El 8,4% de la muestra refirió participar de algún plan, programa o dispositivo para favorecer la inclusión sociolaboral. El análisis estratificado permitió identificar el modo en que la discapacidad, la migración, el género y la edad actúan en los procesos de precarización laboral y en el acceso a políticas públicas de empleo. DISCUSIÓN Se evidencia un empeoramiento de la situación laboral de la población estudiada aumento de la desocupación, subocupación, informalidad, cuentapropismo (especialmente de "subsistencia"), inconformidad con los salarios, etc. Las condiciones de exclusión y precarización laboral son notablemente superiores a las de la población general de la CABA. La incompleta implementación de la normativa y el bajo alcance de las políticas públicas sostienen esta desigualdad.

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En los últimos años, se ha formado un cuerpo creciente de investigación sobre el estilo personal del terapeuta, entendido como un modo propio y personal de ejercer en la clínica (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Su profundización ha permitido conocer cómo se asocia con el ámbito de trabajo, la línea teórica y la personalidad. No obstante, pocos son los estudios que han investigado este constructo en estudiantes. Por tanto, se pretende evaluar si existen modificaciones en el estilo y en la personalidad tras el entrenamiento clínico en la carrera de grado, y analizar las relaciones entre ambos aspectos. Se trabajó con 77 estudiantes del último año de psicología, que fueron evaluados antes y después de sus prácticas pre-profesionales clínicas con el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) y el Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). Los resultados apuntan a un aumento de la cercanía emocional y una menor rigidez en el encuadre terapéutico, así como un incremento de la sociabilidad y de la estabilidad emocional luego de las prácticas. El modo en que se relacionan estos factores presenta variaciones respecto estudios con terapeutas en ejercicio, lo que da cuenta de que existen importantes diferencias entre ambos grupos

In recent years, a growing body of research has been conducted on the personal style of the therapist, understood as a personal way of practising in the clinic (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Its deepening has allowed us to know how it is associated with the field of work, the theoretical line and personality. However, few studies have investigated this construct in students. Therefore, the aim was to assess whether there are modifications in style and personality after undergraduate clinical training and to analyse the relationships between both aspects. We worked with 77 final-year psychology students assessed before and after their pre-professional clinical practice with the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) and the Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). The results point to an increase in emotional closeness and less rigidity in the therapeutic setting and an increase in sociability and emotional stability after the internship. The relations among these factors show variations regarding studies with practising therapists, which shows that there are essential differences between the two groups

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Resumen Este artículo revisita las nociones nodales del campo de la salud de participación y comunidad, que precisan ser revaloradas y comprendidas a la luz de las tramas entre políticas públicas modernas y procesos de producción de lo común. Las prácticas colectivas en los territorios construyen, en la vida cotidiana, procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención-cuidados en las reproducciones de la vida y en las resistencias que allí se construyen a modelos hegemónicos tanto de abordaje como de los modos de vida. Esas vivencias y saberes son ejes para otras prácticas en salud que acompañen procesos de autonomía de los territorios. Guiados por ellos, las/los profesionales pueden construir otras prácticas por fuera de los diseños de atención estancos e instituidos.

Abstract The article revisits nodal notions in the health field such as participation and community. These categories need to be revalued and understood in the light of modern public policies and the processes of construction of "the common". In the territories daily life collective practices construct health-illness-assistance-care processes in social reproduction and also in the resistances to the social general hegemonic models, as well as those related to the health care services. These experiences and knowledge are axes for health practices focussed on territorial autonomy processes. Guided by those, professionals can turn to develop other practices outside of the classic, hegemonic and rigid care designs.

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The effect of both the simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions and the matrix over protein hydrolysis and antioxidant peptides generation was evaluated by comparing an in-house method with COST INFOGEST-based SGD protocols. The in-house protocol was used to digest amaranth protein isolate I (Id1), while the standardized method and a modified version (similar enzyme/substrate ratio than in our lab) were used to digest I and amaranth flour F (Id3 and Fd3, Id2 and Fd2). Protein hydrolysis degree (TNBS method) was similar for the three I digested (about 60%), but lower for F digested (45 and 34% for Fd2 and Fd3, respectively). The five digested obtained presented comparable protein solubility and only small differences in the polypeptide/peptide composition (SDS-PAGE, tricine-SDS-PAGE, gel filtration FPLC), similar antioxidant activity by the ORAC assay (IC50 values between 0.023 and 0.034 mg.mL-1) and some mild differences by the HORAC assay (IC50 values between 1.13 and 1.30 mg.mL-1 for Id1, Fd2, and Fd3; 1.50 mg.mL-1 for Id2; 1.61 mg.mL-1 for Id3). All the FPLC fractions presented high ORAC activity, while only fractions between 0.43 and 3.5 kDa showed HORAC activity (due to peptide concentration). Differences in activity and potency among fractions were registered, especially for F digested. The modification of digestion conditions produced only small differences in the molecular composition but did not affect the proteolysis degree and the antioxidant activity in the case of digested from protein isolate. The presence of other components and changes in the digestion method had an impact on proteolysis, composition and antioxidant activity of flour digested.

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In this work, there were analysed the interaction between phenolics present in amaranth flour (F) and amaranth protein isolate (I) with other components, as well as the effect of the gastrointestinal digestion on them (Fd and Id). Extractions were performed under different conditions (temperature, acid, organic solvent, alkali). Methanol/water extracts (25 °C and 80 °C) from F showed the presence of isoquercetin/rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and two unidentified peaks (II and III). In the presence of acid (much more evident at 80 °C), the extraction of some components increased: catechin, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid, isoquercetin/rutin, II, III. When methanol/acetone/water extraction was performed, p-coumaric acid and a new unidentified peak (IV) were observed. About 15% of the total phenol -namely; p-coumaric, rutin/isoquercetin, and kaempferol- were linked to the protein fraction. After the proteins were isolated (I), the amount of some of the compounds which were originally present in a soluble form (e. g. catechin) and in the protein-bound fraction were decreased. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of flour released some phenolics (catechin, phenolic acids) that were ligated to proteins, and they significantly incremented the ORAC and ABTS activity of most of the extracts. Isoquercetin/rutin, quercetin and kaempferol remained after digestion. Extracts from the digested protein isolate presented differences in the composition and lower ORAC and/or ABTS activities for some of them. The study of the effect of the simulated gastrointestinal digestion process on bioaccessibility and on antioxidant activity (an aspect that, to our knowledge, has not been previously studied on amaranth polyphenols) yielded promising results, which suggest that amaranth flour is a potential antioxidant functional ingredient.

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PROBLEM: In Mexico, women are often disrespected and abused during birth, evidence-based practices are seldom used, while outdated and dangerous procedures linger. BACKGROUND: Disrespectful and abusive practices in Mexico have been reported but are not necessarily well-documented; none of the reports so far have relied on direct observation of births. AIM: To describe birth practices and factors associated with respectful and evidence-based care at 15 referral hospitals in Mexico. METHODS: We observed 401 births from 2010-2016. We analysed woman, provider, and hospital characteristics and their association with the performance of 14 evidence-based and 15 respectful birth practices via descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models. FINDINGS: Only in four births were all the analysed evidence-based and respectful-birth practices performed. Essential interventions like uterine massage was only given to 46.1% of women and the administration of a uterotonic soon after birth only occurred in 58.3% of births. Professionals who were trained in respectful birth care were more likely to address women by their name (Odds Ratio=3.34, p<0.05), allow consumption of liquids during labour (Odds Ratio=31.6, p<0.05), encourage skin-to-skin contact (Odds Ratio=31.82, p<0.05), and examine the placenta after birth (Odds Ratio=16.55, p<0.01); they were less likely to perform episiotomies (Odds Ratio=0.27, p<0.05). DISCUSSION: This study reveals low rates of evidence-based practices and respectful maternity care but shows training in the topic can have a considerable positive impact. Our results call for further efforts to improve the quality of maternal healthcare, a universal right.

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The international recommendations point to the early integration of palliative care (PC) in cancer through simultaneous care and training of primary teams. The PC Unit of the Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú conducts interconsultations for hospitalized patients in the hospital and provides training to the treatment teams. The profile of the interconsultations carried out could provide important information about the characteristics of the PC intervention within the institution. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the first-time interconsultations of cancer patients carried out over 2 years, focusing on temporality, identification of problems by the treating team and the PC interconsultation team, the promptness of response and the prognostic capacity of the latter. In the period, 168 interconsultations were carried out. Most patients had advanced disease, poor performance status, no possibility of oncological treatment and recent diagnosis. In approximately 25% of the cases, evidence of early intervention and participation of the pc team in decision making was found. The opportunity of PC intervention is discussed and areas needing improvement are indicated, such as the identification of non-physical symptoms and prognosis, to be considered in future care and educational activities.

Las recomendaciones internacionales apuntan a la integración temprana de cuidados paliativos (CP) en cáncer a través de la atención simultánea y del entrenamiento de los equipos primarios. La Unidad de CP del Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú realiza interconsultas para pacientes internados en el hospital y brinda capacitación a los equipos tratantes. El perfil de las interconsultas realizadas podría brindar información importante sobre las características de la intervención de CP dentro de la institución. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar retrospectivamente las interconsultas de primera vez de pacientes con cáncer realizadas a lo largo de 2 años, con foco en la temporalidad, la identificación de problemas por parte del equipo tratante y del equipo de interconsulta de CP, y la prontitud de respuesta y capacidad pronóstica de este último. La población atendida en interconsulta (168 casos) estuvo constituida principalmente por pacientes con enfermedad avanzada, deterioro del estado general, sin posibilidad de tratamiento oncológico y diagnóstico reciente. En aproximadamente 25% de los casos se encontraron indicios de intervención temprana y participación del equipo de CP en la toma de decisiones. Se discute la oportunidad de la intervención de CP y se señalan áreas con necesidad de mejora, como la identificación de síntomas no físicos y el pronóstico, a ser tenidas cuenta en las futuras actividades asistenciales y educativas.

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Las recomendaciones internacionales apuntan a la integración temprana de cuidados paliativos (CP) en cáncer a través de la atención simultánea y del entrenamiento de los equipos primarios. La Unidad de CP del Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú realiza interconsultas para pacientes internados en el hospital y brinda capacitación a los equipos tratantes. El perfil de las interconsultas realizadas podría brindar información importante sobre las características de la intervención de CP dentro de la institución. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar retrospectivamente las interconsultas de primera vez de pacientes con cáncer realizadas a lo largo de 2 años, con foco en la temporalidad, la identificación de problemas por parte del equipo tratante y del equipo de interconsulta de CP, y la prontitud de respuesta y capacidad pronóstica de este último. La población atendida en interconsulta (168 casos) estuvo constituida principalmente por pacientes con enfermedad avanzada, deterioro del estado general, sin posibilidad de tratamiento oncológico y diagnóstico reciente. En aproximadamente 25% de los casos se encontraron indicios de intervención temprana y participación del equipo de CP en la toma de decisiones. Se discute la oportunidad de la intervención de CP y se señalan áreas con necesidad de mejora, como la identificación de síntomas no físicos y el pronóstico, a ser tenidas cuenta en las futuras actividades asistenciales y educativas.

The international recommendations point to the early integration of palliative care (PC) in cancer through simultaneous care and training of primary teams. The PC Unit of the Hospital General de Agudos E. Tornú conducts interconsultations for hospitalized patients in the hospital and provides training to the treatment teams. The profile of the interconsultations carried out could provide important information about the characteristics of the PC intervention within the institution. The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the first-time interconsultations of cancer patients carried out over 2 years, focusing on temporality, identification of problems by the treating team and the PC interconsultation team, the promptness of response and the prognostic capacity of the latter. In the period, 168 interconsultations were carried out. Most patients had advanced disease, poor performance status, no possibility of oncological treatment and recent diagnosis. In approximately 25% of the cases, evidence of early intervention and participation of the pc team in decision making was found. The opportunity of PC intervention is discussed and areas needing improvement are indicated, such as the identification of non-physical symptoms and prognosis, to be considered in future care and educational activities.

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Cuphea aequipetala (C. aequipetala) has been used in Mexican traditional medicine since prehispanic times to treat tumors. In this paper, we evaluated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. aequipetala on several cancer cell lines including the B16F10 cell line of murine melanoma and carried a murine model assay. In vitro assay analyzed the effect in the cellular cycle and several indicators of apoptosis, such as the caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine exposure (Annexin-V), and induction of cell membrane permeabilization (propidium iodide) in the B16F10 cells. In vivo, groups of C57BL/6 female mice were subcutaneously injected with 5x105 B16F10 cells and treated with 25 mg/mL of C. aequipetala extracts via oral. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed a cytotoxic effect in MCF-7, HepG2, and B16F10 cell lines. The methanolic extract showed more antiproliferative effect with less concentration, and for this reason, the in vitro experiments were only continued with it. This extract was able to induce accumulation of cells on G1 phase of the cell cycle; moreover, it was able to induce DNA fragmentation and increase the activity of caspase-3 in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, in the murine model of melanoma, the aqueous extract showed a greater reduction of tumor size in comparison with the methanolic extract, showing an 80% reduction versus one of around 31%, both compared with the untreated control, indicating a better antitumor effect of C. aequipetala aqueous extract via oral administration. In conclusion, the in vitro data showed that both C. aequipetala extracts were able to induce cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway in B16F10 cells, and in vivo, the oral administration of aqueous extract reduces the melanoma tumoral mass, suggesting an important antitumoral effect and the perspective to search for effector molecules involved in it.

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La planificación estratégica del sistema sanitario se basa en información epidemiológica. Estos datos se recaban principalmente de evaluaciones sobre las consultas que posee el sistema de salud y permiten estimar la población afectada. Las técnicas que se utilizan son principalmente la de organismos internacionales y estas no tienen consistencia ecológica ni están validadas en el país. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario Epidemiológico en Sintomatología Mental versión breve (CESIM) y brindar datos normativos para población adulta argentina. La investigación se enmarcó en un diseño instrumental. Participaron 1216 adultos de 18 a 90 años de edad, con una distribución proporcional en tres localidades argentinas: Gran Mendoza, La Plata y Avellaneda. A partir del estudio factorial del CESIM se obtuvo una estructura simple y clara del cuestionario compuesta por 37 ítems que se agruparon en 8 factores interpretables, los cuales explicaron el 46% de la varianza total del instrumento. El puntaje total del CESIM presentó una excelente consistencia interna. El estudio descriptivo de la sintomatología mental en las personas participantes indicó, en línea con investigaciones previas, que las mujeres y las personas con bajos niveles de instrucción presentaron mayores niveles de sintomatología mental. Los residentes de Mendoza presentaron los niveles más altos de sintomatología mental. Se concluye que el CESIM es un instrumento con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas y validez ecológica para evaluar la sintomatología mental en adultos argentinos

O planejamento estratégico do sistema de saúde é baseado em informações epidemiológicas. Esses dados são coletados principalmente a partir de avaliações sobre as consultas que o sistema de saúde possui e permitem estimar a população afetada. As técnicas utilizadas são principalmente aquelas de organizações internacionais e estas não possuem consistência ecológica nem são validadas no país. Os objetivos deste estudo foram analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário Epidemiológico em Sintomatologia Mental versão curta (CESIM) e fornecer dados normativos para a população adulta argentina. A pesquisa foi enquadrada em um desenho instrumental. Participaram nela 1216 adultos com idades entre 18 e 90 anos de idade, com uma distribuição proporcional de três localidades argentinas: Gran Mendoza, La Plata e Avellaneda. Apartir do estudo fatorial de CESIM foi obtida uma estrutura simples e clara do questionário, composta de 37 itens que foram agrupados em 8 fatores interpretáveis que explicaram 46% da variância total do instrumento. A pontagem total do CESIM apresentou excelente consistência interna. O estudo descritivo da sintomatologia mental nos participantes indicou, em consonância com pesquisas anteriores, que mulheres e pessoas com baixa escolaridade apresentavam níveis mais elevados de sintomas mentais. Os moradores de Mendoza apresentaram os mais altos níveis de sintomas mentais. Conclui-se que o CESIM é um instrumento com adequadas propriedades psicométricas e validade ecológica para avaliar a sintomatologia mental em adultos argentinos.

The strategic planning of the health system is based on epidemiological information. Data are mainly obtained from evaluations on consultations the health system has, and allow an estimation of the affected population. Techniques used mainly belong to international organisms and do not have ecological consistency and are not validated in the country. The objectives of this study were to analyze the short version of the Epidemiological Questionnaire on Mental Symptomatology (CESIM, for its Spanish acronym) and provide regulatory data for the adult population. Research presented an instrumental design. There were 1216 adults from 18 to 90 years old, with a proportional distribution in three Argentinian locations: Gran Mendoza, La Plata and Avellaneda. From the factorial analysis of CESIM, a simple and clear structure of the questionnaire was obtained, made up of 37 items grouped in 8 interpretable factors which explained 46% of the instrument total variance. CESIM total score presented excellent internal consistency. The descriptive study of mental symptomatology in the participants showed, in accordance with previous research, that women and people with low educational level presented higher levels of mental symptomatology. Mendoza residents presented the highest levels of mental symptomatology. We conclude that CESIM is an effective instrument to assess mental symptomatology in Argentinian adults since it presents appropriate psychometric properties and ecological validity.

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Los entornos o escenarios universitarios son definidos como aquellos luga- res y contextos sociales donde las personas desarrollan actividades diarias y en los cuales interactúan factores ambientales, organizativos y personales que afectan la salud y el bienestar de los que trabajan, y aprenden en ellos. Las Instituciones de Educación Superior no son ajenas al concepto salud y de hecho han venido formando profesionales relacionados con la salud en un entorno de transmisión y producción del conocimiento, pero también de interacción y comunicación, abierto y accesible, que favorece la vida salu- dable, la cultura y el disfrute de sus espacios; sin embargo poco sabemos cómo hacer buen uso de tantos recursos para llegar a ser una universidad promotora de la salud. En particular, la Universidad Santiago de Cali, reúne varias de las carac- terísticas de estos entornos; por un lado, es un centro de trabajo, un centro educativo y además es una institución de especial relevancia en tanto que en ella confluye un gran número de estudiantes, profesores, empleados y directivos que se ven expuestos a los factores determinantes de la salud que este entorno propicia. Muchos de los hábitos de vida que influyen en la salud se inician y se con- solidan en la etapa universitaria, sin embargo los espacios de atención en este entorno se orientan a atender problemas relacionados con la enferme- dad sin lograr estilos de vida saludable ni conductas de autocuidado. Este libro es el resultado de un sinnúmero de discusiones académicas en- tre los grupos de investigación de la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad Santiago de Cali, durante los años 2012-2013, en torno a cómo mejorar la salud de las personas pertenecientes a la comunidad universitaria.

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Todo diagnóstico de un problema descubierto lleva implícito un proceso de análisis y síntesis. Todavía no se ha logrado encontrar una clara definición de la histeria, precisamente por su "psicoplasticidad", es decir, por la infinidad de expresiones clínicas en que se puede presentar. Además su eliminación de los códigos diagnósticos la fragmentó en diversos síndromes o conjuntos sintomáticos. El psicoanálisis, asociado al concepto, fue desperfilado por la psiquiatría americana con el advenimiento de la investigación biológica sobre trastornos mentales y nuevos descubrimientos como los sistemas de neurotransmisores. Quedaron atrás los criterios de Feighner, que abarcaban los diagnósticos de neurosis de ansiedad, neurosis obsesivo-compulsiva, neurosis fóbica, histeria. Se analiza clasificaciones CIE y DSM, en las que se puede rastrear la histeria. Palabras claves: histeria, neurosis, diagnóstico, CIE-10.

Every diagnosis of a discovered problem implies a process of analysis and synthesis. A clear definition of hysteria has not yet been found, precisely because of its "psychoplasticity", that is, by the infinity of clinical expressions in which it can be presented. In addition its elimination of the diagnostic codes fragmented it in diverse syndromes or symptomatic sets. Psychoanalysis, associated with the concept, was unburied by American psychiatry with the advent of biological research on mental disorders and new discoveries such as neurotransmitter systems. Feighner's criteria, which included diagnoses of anxiety neurosis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, phobic neurosis and hysteria, were left behind. We analyze CIE and DSM classifications, in which hysteria can be traced.

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Es importante describir algunas de las proyecciones futuras que la Urgencia psiquiátrica podría desarrollar e implementar para mejorar su entrega. Entre ellas, nos parecen ahora necesarias para una efectiva acción clínica: la seguridad del personal de salud y el paciente, implementación de un triage, hospitalización domiciliaria, disponer de fármacos de última generación, mejorar la capacidad resolutiva en pacientes con comorbilidad médica, protocolos de acción, auditoría de fichas, atención telefónica a pacientes en crisis y difusión de estos temas en distintas áreas. Palabras claves: urgencias psiquiátricas, seguridad, triage, hospitalización domiciliaria, patología médica, protocolos, atención telefónica, enseñanza, auditoría de fichas.

It is important to describe some of the future projections that psychiatric Urgency could develop and implement to improve delivery. Among them, we now seem necessary for effective clinical action: security of health personnel and patients, implementing a triage, home care, to have last generation drugs, improve treatment capacity in patients with medical comorbidity, action protocols, records audit, calling patients in crisis and dissemination of these issues in different areas.

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Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a glomerular disease that is defined by the leakage of protein into the urine and is associated with hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients do not respond to treatment with corticosteroids and show decreased Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) expression in podocytes. Downregulation of WT1 has been shown to be affected by certain microRNAs (miRNAs). Twenty-one patients with idiopathic NS (68.75% were SSNS and 31.25% SRNS) and 10 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Podocyte number and WT1 location were determined by immunofluorescence, and the serum levels of miR-15a, miR-16-1, and miR-193a were quantified by RT-qPCR. Low expression and delocalization of WT1 protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm were found in kidney biopsies of patients with SRNS and both nuclear and cytoplasmic localization were found in steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS) patients. In sera from NS patients, low expression levels of miR-15a and miR-16-1 were found compared with healthy controls, but only the miR-16-1 expression levels showed statistically significant decrease (p = 0.019). The miR-193a expression levels only slightly increased in NS patients. We concluded that low expression and delocalization from the WT1 protein in NS patients contribute to loss of podocytes while modulation from WT1 protein is not associated with the miRNAs analyzed in sera from the patients.

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