RESUMEN
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a safe antimalarial drug but its overdosage or inappropriate use, such as during the pandemic, may cause adverse effects once this drug is considered a potent inhibitor of autophagy. Information about HCQ's effects on the reproductive field, including gametes and initial embryos, is limited. In this study, we evaluated the effect of HCQ (1, 6, 12, and 24 µM) on pre-implantation embryo development, autophagy, and apoptosis of bovine embryos produced in vitro. A dose-response experiment showed a reduction (p < 0.05) in cleavage only at the highest concentration. Blastocyst rate was gradually reduced (p < 0.05) with the increase of HCQ dosage starting at 6 µM, with no embryo formation occurring at 24 µM. Further analysis showed that embryos treated with 12 µM of HCQ had a higher (p < 0.05) accumulation of acidic autophagic vesicles on Days 5 and 7 of development and a higher (p < 0.01) apoptotic index on Day 7. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effects of HCQ on embryo pre-implantation development in mammals. The results contribute with more information related to the study of autophagy in embryology as well as add some discussion on HCQ toxicology and its effects on reproductive cells.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Autofagia , Blastocisto , Desarrollo Embrionario , Hidroxicloroquina , Animales , Bovinos , Hidroxicloroquina/toxicidad , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Blastocisto/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Antimaláricos/toxicidad , Fertilización In Vitro , Técnicas de Cultivo de EmbrionesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Frailty is a biological syndrome that causes adverse events in the health of older adults. However, the Clinical Frailty Scale has not yet been culturally adapted and validated into Brazilian Portuguese language. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to translate, reproduce and validate the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) for the Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study with senior patients was conducted between Jan 2018 and Nov 2018. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Volunteers aged >60 and living in Brazil. The translation and cultural adaptation of the CFS into the Portuguese language, the principles and good practices were followed. MEASUREMENTS: To conduct the validation and determine the reproducibility of an inter-observer evaluation, the patients answered the scale questions in Portuguese on two occasions, delivered by two separate examiners and separated by a 10-minute interval, on their first visit; the 36-item Short Form Survey quality-of-life questionnaire (SF-36) was also applied. Seven days later, a second visit was undertaken to perform an intra-observer reproducibility assessment. RESULTS: A total of 66 older individuals were enrolled (72 ± 8 years), the majority of which did not present frailty (63.6%) and reported a low physical limitation level in the SF-36. The CFS showed a significant correlation with the SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire (r= -0.663; p<0.0001) and no statistical difference was observed between intra-rater (p=0.641) and inter-rater (p=0.350) applications, demonstrating the reproducibility and applicability of the instrument. The standard error estimate (SEE) was evaluated and there were no differences between the CFS and the SF-36 (SEE= 1.13 points). CONCLUSION: The Brazilian Portuguese language version of the CFS is a valid, reproducible and reliable instrument for evaluating the impact of frailty on the lives of senior patients.
Asunto(s)
Fragilidad , Lenguaje , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Fragilidad/diagnóstico , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TraduccionesRESUMEN
During pregnancy, metabolic changes that develop in women may increase the risk of diseases and conditions that may also harm the life of the growing fetus. The aim of the present study was to identify and compare the metabolic profile (MP) during pregnancy in two birth cohorts in 2010 in the cities of Ribeirão Preto (RP) and São Luís (SL), Brazil. Pregnant women (1393 in RP and 1413 in SL) were studied; information was obtained through questionnaires in addition to anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure measurements. Data are presented as means and proportions. To compare the characteristics of pregnant women in both cities, chi-squared and Student's t-tests were applied, with 5% significance level. Ribeirão Preto presented higher mean values than SL for pre-gestational body mass index (24.5 vs 23 kg/m2, P<0.001), systolic (108.4 vs 102.8 mmHg, P<0.001) and diastolic (65.9 vs 61.8 mmHg, P<0.001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (226.3 vs 213.7 mg/dL, P<0.001) and fractions, and glycemia (84.5 vs 80.2 mg/dL, P<0.001), except for triglycerides (P=0.135). Women from RP also showed higher rates of pre-gestational overweight and obesity compared with SL (40.1 vs 25.8%). In the present study, pregnant women in RP had a worse gestational metabolic profile than those in SL, with higher pre-gestational excess weight, indicating that nutritional transition was more advanced in the more developed city.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Embarazo/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Cohortes , CiudadesRESUMEN
During pregnancy, metabolic changes that develop in women may increase the risk of diseases and conditions that may also harm the life of the growing fetus. The aim of the present study was to identify and compare the metabolic profile (MP) during pregnancy in two birth cohorts in 2010 in the cities of Ribeirão Preto (RP) and São Luís (SL), Brazil. Pregnant women (1393 in RP and 1413 in SL) were studied; information was obtained through questionnaires in addition to anthropometric, biochemical, and blood pressure measurements. Data are presented as means and proportions. To compare the characteristics of pregnant women in both cities, chi-squared and Student's t-tests were applied, with 5% significance level. Ribeirão Preto presented higher mean values than SL for pre-gestational body mass index (24.5 vs 23 kg/m2, P<0.001), systolic (108.4 vs 102.8 mmHg, P<0.001) and diastolic (65.9 vs 61.8 mmHg, P<0.001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (226.3 vs 213.7 mg/dL, P<0.001) and fractions, and glycemia (84.5 vs 80.2 mg/dL, P<0.001), except for triglycerides (P=0.135). Women from RP also showed higher rates of pre-gestational overweight and obesity compared with SL (40.1 vs 25.8%). In the present study, pregnant women in RP had a worse gestational metabolic profile than those in SL, with higher pre-gestational excess weight, indicating that nutritional transition was more advanced in the more developed city.
Asunto(s)
Metaboloma , Embarazo/metabolismo , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Ciudades , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) DNA has been detected in serum samples from apparently healthy pigs as well as pigs with different clinical conditions. Molecular detection of PCV-3 was observed in swine serum samples from Southeastern - Brazil using a nested PCR designed specifically for this study. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of PCV-3 infection were evaluated. The samples originated from 154 pigs of both genders from different production phases and with different clinical presentations, sampled from 31 pig farms visited between 2013 and 2018. In this study, PCV-3 was detected in 26.7% of samples from all populations across varying ages. Statistical association (P=0.0285) was observed only between animals with respiratory signs and PCV-3; no PCV-3-positive animal had diarrhea. No statistical association was observed between PCV-3 and age, or gender of the pigs. Because PCV-3 is a newly discovered virus, there is very little information about its epidemiology. We hope that these data can help in future studies investigating PCV-3 epidemiology.(AU)
O DNA do circovírus suíno 3 (PCV-3) foi detectado em amostras de soro de suínos aparentemente saudáveis, bem como em suínos com diferentes condições clínicas. A detecção molecular do PCV-3 foi observada em amostras de soro de suínos da região Sudeste do Brasil, com uma nested PCR desenhada especificamente para este estudo. A epidemiologia e os aspectos clínicos da infecção por PCV-3 foram avaliados. As amostras foram coletadas de 154 suínos de ambos os sexos, de diferentes fases de produção e com diferentes sinais clínicos. Os animais pertenciam a 31 granjas visitadas entre 2013 e 2018. Neste estudo, o PCV-3 foi detectado em 26,7% das amostras de animais saudáveis e de animais com variados sinais clínicos, de ambos os sexos e de idades variadas. Associação estatística (P=0,0285) foi observada apenas entre animais com sinais respiratórios e PCV-3; nenhum animal positivo para PCV-3 apresentava diarreia. Não foi observada associação estatística entre o PCV-3 e a idade ou o sexo dos suínos. Por se tratar de um vírus recém-descoberto, existem poucas informações sobre sua epidemiologia. Espera-se que os dados deste trabalho possam contribuir para futuros estudos sobre a epidemiologia do PCV-3.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Porcinos/virología , Circovirus/genética , Infecciones por Circoviridae/patología , Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinariaRESUMEN
In this study, we report the molecular diagnosis and retrospective study of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded swine tissues (FFPE) collected from 1967 to 2018 in southeastern Brazil (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states). Frozen tissues from 35 pigs and FFPE tissues from 143 pigs were tested by nested PCR, targeting the PCV3 partial capsid gene. Bidirectional sequencing of 16 positive samples was performed, followed by sequence analysis and haplotype networks. A total of 26/178 samples (14.6%) tested positive for PCV3: 14/35 (40%) frozen tissue and 12/143 (8.4%) FFPE tissue. PCV3 was detected in the 1960s, 1970s, 2000s, and 2010s with the characterization of types PCV3a and PCV3b. A star-like distribution was observed in the grid of haplotypes, with a low haplotype diversity and more recent dispersal of the virus. A total of 40% of asymptomatic animals considered fit for slaughter tested positive for PCV3. In conclusion, PCV3 DNA was detected over 51 years of study, prior to initial reports and, so far, the sample detected in 1967 is the oldest partial capsid sequence described. The circulation of two different genotypes was reported, suggesting more than one introduction event of this virus into Brazil. Moreover, taken together, our studies indicated an ancient origin of PCV3 and its circulation in asymptomatic animals in Brazilian herds.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Circoviridae/veterinaria , Circovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Animales , Brasil , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Infecciones por Circoviridae/virología , Circovirus/clasificación , Circovirus/genética , Genotipo , Filogenia , Estudios Retrospectivos , PorcinosRESUMEN
The extensive use of antimicrobial agents has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella, an important zoonotic pathogen that causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in humans. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from poultry in Brazil. A total of 230 Salmonella strains, isolated from cloacal swabs (n=56) and broiler carcasses swabs (n=174) before and after chilling from slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service within the period 2012-2017, were analyzed. Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on all the isolates. Serotyping results showed that 41% of the strains were Salmonella Heidelberg, 29% S. Minnesota, 12% S. Saintpaul, 6.5% S. Enteritidis, 3.9% S. Anatum, 2.2% S. Cerro, 2.2% S. Senftenberg, 1.7% S. Newport, 0.4% S. Ealing, 0.4% S. O:4,5 and 0.4% S. O:9,12. MDR rates of the isolates were 67.4%. S. Heidelberg 89.5%, S. Minnesota 51.5%, S. Saintpaul 82.1%, S. Anatum 66.7%, S. Cerro 60%, S. Senftenberg 40%. Out of the 230 strains, 41.3% presented resistance to Penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitor, Penicillin, 1st and 2nd Generation Cephalosporin, 3rd and 4th Generation Cephalosporin, Tetracycline and Sulfonamide. Salmonella Heidelberg, S. Saintpaul, S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Senftenberg and S. Minnesota were isolated after chilling tank highlighting a food safety concern for the industry of poultry and poultry products indicating a risk to collective health. The high prevalence of MDR nontyphoidal Salmonella obtained in this study limit the options available to treat infectious disease in humans and animals.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Antiinfecciosos , Pollos/microbiología , Prevalencia , Salmonella/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The extensive use of antimicrobial agents has contributed to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella, an important zoonotic pathogen that causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in humans. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from poultry in Brazil. A total of 230 Salmonella strains, isolated from cloacal swabs (n=56) and broiler carcasses swabs (n=174) before and after chilling from slaughterhouses under Federal Inspection Service within the period 2012-2017, were analyzed. Serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed on all the isolates. Serotyping results showed that 41% of the strains were Salmonella Heidelberg, 29% S. Minnesota, 12% S. Saintpaul, 6.5% S. Enteritidis, 3.9% S. Anatum, 2.2% S. Cerro, 2.2% S. Senftenberg, 1.7% S. Newport, 0.4% S. Ealing, 0.4% S. O:4,5 and 0.4% S. O:9,12. MDR rates of the isolates were 67.4%. S. Heidelberg 89.5%, S. Minnesota 51.5%, S. Saintpaul 82.1%, S. Anatum 66.7%, S. Cerro 60%, S. Senftenberg 40%. Out of the 230 strains, 41.3% presented resistance to Penicillins + beta-lactamase inhibitor, Penicillin, 1st and 2nd Generation Cephalosporin, 3rd and 4th Generation Cephalosporin, Tetracycline and Sulfonamide. Salmonella Heidelberg, S. Saintpaul, S. Anatum, S. Cerro, S. Senftenberg and S. Minnesota were isolated after chilling tank highlighting a food safety concern for the industry of poultry and poultry products indicating a risk to collective health. The high prevalence of MDR nontyphoidal Salmonella obtained in this study limit the options available to treat infectious disease in humans and animals.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Salmonella/inmunología , Prevalencia , Pollos/microbiología , AntiinfecciososRESUMEN
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)
The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Gatos/anomalías , Gatos/sangre , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , LinfomaRESUMEN
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo relatar um caso de linfoma leucemizado em um felino coinfectado com os vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o da leucemia felina (FeLV). Foram realizados exames de hemograma, contagem de reticulócitos, mielograma, bioquímica, teste de imunocromatografia para FIV e FeLV, imunofluorescência indireta (IFA) para FeLV, radiografia torácica e citologia renal. Esse último exame revelou um linfoma extranodal. Foi determinante para a conclusão diagnóstica a associação dos sinais clínicos corroborados com a infiltração de elevada quantidade de células linfoblásticas na medula óssea, exibindo critérios citomorfológicos de malignidade, como mitoses atípicas, relacionadas à presença de corpúsculos linfoglandulares e material hematopoiético inter-relacionado. O linfoma é uma neoplasia relativamente comum em felinos, entretanto, a apresentação leucemizada é rara, podendo representar um desafio diagnóstico clínico, o que torna fundamental a inclusão da citologia medular na prática clínica dessa espécie.(AU)
The present study aimed to report a case of lymphoma in leukemic phase in feline coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Blood counts, reticulocyte counts, bone marrow avaluation, biochemistry, immunochromatography assay for FIV and FeLV, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) for FeLV, thoracic radiography and renal citology were performed. This last examination revealed extranodal lymphoma. The association of the clinical signs with the infiltration of a high number of lymphoblastic cells in the bone marrow with cytomorphological criteria of malignancy, atypical mitoses, lymphoglandular corpuscles and hematopoietic material were determinant for the diagnostic conclusion. Lymphoma is a relatively common neoplasm in felines, however the leukemic phase is rare and may represent a clinical diagnostic challenge, making it essential to include bone marrow cytology in the clinical practice of this species.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Gatos/anomalías , Gatos/sangre , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , LinfomaRESUMEN
O relacionamento entre o homem e os animais está cada vez mais íntimo, porém essa ligação necessita de atenção especial. Cães e gatos demandam zelo, e para que a posse do animal seja guarda responsável é necessário que os tutores tenham perfil e comportamento adequado frente estes animais, além da consciência do manejo ideal para as espécies. O estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de tutores de cães e gatos no Município de Patos de Minas MG. Para tanto foram avaliados os aspectos que fundamentam guarda responsável por meio de um questionário estruturado aplicado a 300 tutores em seis bairros do município, durante dois meses, agosto e setembro de 2016. Para o tratamento dos dados coletados foi utilizada análise estatística descritiva pelo software Bioestat versão 5.3. A espécie encontrada com maior frequência foi a canina (81%) (243/300). De acordo com classificação racial os animais sem raça definida constituíam 57% (171/300) do total de cães e gatos. Apenas 16,66% (50/300) dos animais eram castrados. Os tutores quando questionados sobre bem-estar animal, a opção mais referida pelos entrevistados foi o fornecimento de água e alimento perfazendo 81,66% (245/300) das respostas. Maus tratos e abandono foram relacionados por 94% (282/300) dos tutores como crime e 22,66% (68/300) dos tutores afirmaram não deixar os seus animais irem para a rua sozinhos. A população investigada mostra-se ainda desinformada sobre quais os fundamentos da responsável, o que reflete em desafio e demanda para os órgãos públicos responsáveis e para os Médicos Veterinários, no sentido de informar e educar os tutores quanto às reais implicações de se ter e manter um animal sob sua guarda.
The relationship between man and animals is more and more intimate, but this connection need special attention. Dogs and cats demand zeal, and for the possession of the animal to be responsible custody it is necessary that he owners carry out activities and have a management and behavior profile towards these animals. The aim of this study was to determine the tutors profile of dogs and cats in the city of Patos de Minas - MG, evaluating the aspects that support responsible custody, through a structured question applied to 300 tutors in six districts of the city, during two months, August and September of 2016. For the treatment of the collected data a descriptive statistical analysis was used by the software Bioestat version 5.3. The species most frequently found was canine (81%) (243/300). According to racial classification, non-breed animals comprised 57% (171/300) of all dogs and cats. Only 16.66% (50/300) of the animals were castrated. The tutors when asked about animal welfare, the option most referred by the interviewees was the supply of water and food making up 81.66% (245/300) of the answers. Maltreatment and neglect were related by 94% (282/300) of the tutors as a crime and 22.66% (68/300) of the tutors stated that they did not let their animals go out on their own. The investigated population is still uninformed about the grounds of the responsible, which reflects in challenge and demand for the responsible public organs and for the Veterinarians, in order to inform and educate the tutors about the real implications of having and maintaining an animal under his care.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Mascotas , Bienestar del Animal , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Vínculo Humano-Animal , Castración/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmisibles/veterinariaRESUMEN
O relacionamento entre o homem e os animais está cada vez mais íntimo, porém essa ligação necessita de atenção especial. Cães e gatos demandam zelo, e para que a posse do animal seja guarda responsável é necessário que os tutores tenham perfil e comportamento adequado frente estes animais, além da consciência do manejo ideal para as espécies. O estudo teve como objetivo determinar o perfil de tutores de cães e gatos no Município de Patos de Minas MG. Para tanto foram avaliados os aspectos que fundamentam guarda responsável por meio de um questionário estruturado aplicado a 300 tutores em seis bairros do município, durante dois meses, agosto e setembro de 2016. Para o tratamento dos dados coletados foi utilizada análise estatística descritiva pelo software Bioestat versão 5.3. A espécie encontrada com maior frequência foi a canina (81%) (243/300). De acordo com classificação racial os animais sem raça definida constituíam 57% (171/300) do total de cães e gatos. Apenas 16,66% (50/300) dos animais eram castrados. Os tutores quando questionados sobre bem-estar animal, a opção mais referida pelos entrevistados foi o fornecimento de água e alimento perfazendo 81,66% (245/300) das respostas. Maus tratos e abandono foram relacionados por 94% (282/300) dos tutores como crime e 22,66% (68/300) dos tutores afirmaram não deixar os seus animais irem para a rua sozinhos. A população investigada mostra-se ainda desinformada sobre quais os fundamentos da responsável, o que reflete em desafio e demanda para os órgãos públicos responsáveis e para os Médicos Veterinários, no sentido de informar e educar os tutores quanto às reais implicações de se ter e manter um animal sob sua guarda.(AU)
The relationship between man and animals is more and more intimate, but this connection need special attention. Dogs and cats demand zeal, and for the possession of the animal to be responsible custody it is necessary that he owners carry out activities and have a management and behavior profile towards these animals. The aim of this study was to determine the tutors profile of dogs and cats in the city of Patos de Minas - MG, evaluating the aspects that support responsible custody, through a structured question applied to 300 tutors in six districts of the city, during two months, August and September of 2016. For the treatment of the collected data a descriptive statistical analysis was used by the software Bioestat version 5.3. The species most frequently found was canine (81%) (243/300). According to racial classification, non-breed animals comprised 57% (171/300) of all dogs and cats. Only 16.66% (50/300) of the animals were castrated. The tutors when asked about animal welfare, the option most referred by the interviewees was the supply of water and food making up 81.66% (245/300) of the answers. Maltreatment and neglect were related by 94% (282/300) of the tutors as a crime and 22.66% (68/300) of the tutors stated that they did not let their animals go out on their own. The investigated population is still uninformed about the grounds of the responsible, which reflects in challenge and demand for the responsible public organs and for the Veterinarians, in order to inform and educate the tutors about the real implications of having and maintaining an animal under his care.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Gatos , Perros , Bienestar del Animal , Mascotas , Vínculo Humano-Animal , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Castración/veterinaria , Enfermedades Transmisibles/veterinariaRESUMEN
Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Corneal tissue donors generally are those who suffered an injury to the brain or fatal trauma caused by stroke, vehicle/motorbike accidents, gunshot wounds, and drowning or cardiovascular death. In Brazil, the Distrito Federal (DF) Eye Bank, located within a trauma center hospital, and the Secretariat of Public Security have collaborated with the aim of increasing the overall number of cornea donations from fatal trauma victims. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of cornea tissue for transplantation derived from trauma-related death. The records of eyes donated in the DF Eye Bank were analyzed retrospectively for the period from 2004-2013. We had 3388 cornea donors, the majority of which were between 21 and 30 years old (17.4%), which were derived from violent death (84.1%; P = .00) and were predominately male (73.5%). Among the donated corneas, 54.0% were used for optic purposes. Mechanical trauma caused by gunshot, stabbing or blunt force (23.7%), and road traffic injuries (11%) were the main causes of violent death. Another common cause of death was cardiovascular disease (26.3%). Donor tissue derived from violent death had no statistical interference on tissue suitability for transplantation (P = .06). Because of the large waiting lists, and waiting times for transplants, it is advisable to increase the available tissue from corneas donors derived from violent death through the implementation of this interagency model of collaboration and by the practicing of active tissue donor screening in trauma center hospitals.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Córnea , Bancos de Ojos/estadística & datos numéricos , Predicción , Donantes de Tejidos/provisión & distribución , Obtención de Tejidos y Órganos/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Listas de Espera , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Causas de Muerte , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) still remains an obscure event in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of E-cadherin, ß-catenin, Snail, Slug, Twist and Vimentin was analysed in 87 VSCC, controlled for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity, considering tumour front and central tumour as different morphological categories from the same tumour. RESULTS: Lower ß-catenin and higher Vimentin expression was associated with invasive front when compared with the central tumour (P=0.013 and P≤0.001, respectively). Higher expression of E-cadherin in central tumour was significantly related to absence of vascular and perineural invasion, lower invasion depth and ≥2 lymph node involvement. Loss of ß-catenin and high Slug, Snail and Twist expression was associated with HPV-negative tumours. Moreover, ß-catenin lower expression associated with gain in Slug expression predicts a subgroup with worst outcome (P=0.001). Lower expression of ß-catenin in both central tumour and invasive front correlated with lower overall survival (P=0.021 and P=0.011, respectively). Also, multivariate analysis showed that lower ß-catenin expression was independently associated with poorer outcome (P=0.044). CONCLUSION: Human papillomavirus-related tumours show better prognosis and outcome; besides, they do not progress through EMT phenomenon. Immunohistochemical analysis of ß-catenin in invasive tumour front is a key issue for establishing prognosis of vulva cancer.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/virología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alphapapillomavirus , Cadherinas/biosíntesis , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Proteínas Nucleares/biosíntesis , Pronóstico , Factores de Transcripción de la Familia Snail , Factores de Transcripción/biosíntesis , Proteína 1 Relacionada con Twist/biosíntesis , Vimentina/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Vulva/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , beta Catenina/biosíntesisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Inguinal lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic factor in vulvar cancer. Our aims were to analyze the prognostic value of LN metastasis with regard to the number of LNs that were involved and their laterality and compare these results with the current FIGO staging system. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in a series of 234 individuals who underwent inguinal lymphadenectomy for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma from January 1980 to February 2010. RESULTS: The mean age was 68 years. One hundred seven (45.7%) patients had LN metastasis. Despite the FIGO staging, we did not observe any significant difference in the risk of recurrence or death between patients with 1 positive LN and ≥ 2 positive LNs. Moreover, there was no difference in outcome between the presence of 1 and 2 positive LNs. On categorizing patients into 3 groups-absence of LN involvement, 1-2 positive LNs, and ≥ 3 positive LNs-we achieved a significantly better prognostic correlation for progression-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival. Extracapsular spread retained a prognostic role for the risk of recurrence in multivariate analysis. Further, for patients with ≥ 2 positive LNs, the presence of bilateral positive LNs did not negatively impact the risk of recurrence or death compared with those with unilateral positive LNs. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the prognostic effect of bilateral LNs reflects the worse prognosis of multiple positive LNs. Regarding prognosis, LN involvement should be categorized into 2 groups-1-2 positive LNs and ≥ 3 positive LNs.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vulva/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Estudios de Cohortes , Intervalos de Confianza , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Ingle/patología , Ingle/cirugía , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático/métodos , Ganglios Linfáticos/cirugía , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Vulva/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inguinal lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important prognostic factor in vulvar cancer. Our aim was to determine the prognostic value of the number of resected LNs in inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in a series of 158 individuals who underwent bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma from January 1980 to February 2010. RESULTS: The mean age was 67 years (range: 15-90). Median tumor size was 5 cm (range: 1-18). A median of 22.5 inguinal LNs (range: 2-57) was resected. Thirteen (8.2%) patients had <12 LNs resected, and 145 (91.8%) had ≥ 12 LNs resected. Eighty (50.6%) patients had LN metastasis, with a median of 2 positive LNs (range: 1-16). Of those with positive LNs, 19 (23.8%), 23 (28.8%), and 38 (47.5%) patients had 1, 2, and 3 or more positive LNs, respectively. Thirty-three (41.2%) patients had bilateral LN metastasis. For patients without LN involvement, we failed to observe any significant difference between patients with <12 LNs and ≥ 12 LNs that were resected with regard to risk of recurrence (p=0.97) and death from cancer (p=0.43) in 5 years. However, resection of <12 LNs in patients with positive LNs negatively impacted the risk of recurrence (p=0.003) and death from cancer (p=0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Resection of fewer than 12 LNs in vulvar cancer has a negative impact on outcome for patients with positive inguinal LNs.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias de la Vulva/cirugíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of injuries to the head and face in adolescent and teenager victims of non-natural deaths. A retrospective study was undertaken by the analysis of medical forensic reports obtained from medical forensic examinations performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine of the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, between January 2003 and December 2007. From a total of 607 reports issued during this time span, the study sample consisted of 423 reports (69.6%) referring to adolescents and teenagers of both genders, aged 12 to 18 years, who were confirmed to have died from external causes. The causes of death were encoded according to the Chapter XX of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). The majority of victims were 17 year old males (25.8%). Firearms (33.3%) and transport accidents (32.2%) were the most common causes of death, with boys showing a 3.7 times greater likelihood of getting killed by firearms than girls. There was statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of transport accidents and gender. The majority of victims (71.6%) presented with multiple injuries throughout the body. There was statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of transport accidents and the presence of multiple injuries. A high percentage of the victims presented with injuries to the head and face. There was statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of transport accidents and the presence of injury to the head. Fatal gunshot wounds and transport accidents were the main causes of death of male adolescents and teenagers. The victims presented with multiple injuries, especially to the head and face, and the mandible was the most frequently injured facial bone. .
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/mortalidad , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales/epidemiología , Traumatismo Múltiple/etiología , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/mortalidad , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiología , Causas de Muerte , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/etiología , Traumatismos Faciales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Faciales/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Masculino , Traumatismos Maxilofaciales/etiología , Traumatismo Múltiple/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores Sexuales , Fracturas Craneales/etiología , Fracturas Craneales/mortalidad , Fracturas de los Dientes/epidemiología , Fracturas de los Dientes/etiología , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/complicacionesRESUMEN
Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in Brazilian men. One of the relevant phenomena to the inherited susceptibility is the presence of allelic variants in genes involved with the DNA repair pathway. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequencies of prevalent, heterozygous and rare genotypes of the base excision repair genes APEX1 and XRCC1 in a case-control study and relate the genotypes with tumoral aggressiveness. DNA from peripheral blood of 172 patients and 172 controls were analyzed by RFLP-PCR method. The polymorphisms were also evaluated in relation to clinical and pathological parameters. The OR (Odds Ratio) and confidence interval (CI = 95%) were used in the association study and the Chi-square and ANOVA tests for the evaluation of histopathological parameters. The rare genotypes frequencies of the gene APEX1 increased the risk for the development of prostate cancer (OR = 1.68 95% CI 1.10-2.58). No association was found for the gene XRCC1 (OR = 0.82 95% CI 0.53-1.27). The combined analysis for both genes did not show association with this neoplasia (OR = 1.27 95% CI 0.79-20.5). The relationship of XRCC1 and APEX1 genotypes with cancer aggressiveness through the correlation with histopathological parameters, did not find any association. Our results suggest that the polymorphism in the gene APEX1 may be indicated as a potential marker for prostate cancer risk.
Asunto(s)
Reparación del ADN/genética , ADN-(Sitio Apurínico o Apirimidínico) Liasa/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Antígeno Prostático Específico/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Proteína 1 de Reparación por Escisión del Grupo de Complementación Cruzada de las Lesiones por Rayos XRESUMEN
O gênero Plectranthus é considerado um dos mais ricos em óleos essenciais dentro da família Lamiaceae, compreendendo muitas espécies com propriedades medicinais. Algumas destas são conhecidas popularmente como boldo, as quais possuem semelhanças taxonômicas e diversas sinonímias, possuindo ações anti-dispépticas, analgésicas e digestivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativa e qualitativamente os óleos essenciais presentes nas folhas das espécies P. amboinicus, P. barbatus, P. grandis e P. neochilus. A extração do óleo foi realizada por hidrodestilação, utilizando pentano como solvente extrator, repetida por três vezes para cada uma das espécies. A análise dos componentes dos óleos essenciais das quatro espécies de Plectranthus, através da CG/EM, permitiu identificar 14 componentes químicos, sendo a maioria sesquiterpenos. O trans-cariofileno se apresentou em elevada concentração nos óleos estudados. Alguns componentes químicos demonstraram ser específicos para cada espécie e outros apresentaram ocorrência comum a todas as quatro, possibilitando a diferenciação das mesmas em dois grupos, um formado por P. amboinicus e P. neochilus e o outro por P. grandis e P. barbatus. Conclui-se que as quatro espécies de boldo apresentam diferenças significativas quanto ao teor e à constituição química do óleo essencial.
Plectranthus has been considered one of the richest genera in essential oils within the Lamiaceae family, which includes several species with medicinal properties. Some of them are commonly known as boldo and present taxonomic similarities and several synonymies, with antidyspeptic, analgesic and digestive actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the essential oils from P. amboinicus, P. barbatus, P. grandis and P. neochilus leaves. The oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using pentane as extracting solvent and was repeated three times for each species. The analysis of essential oil components by GC/MS in the four Plectranthus species identified 14 chemical components, mostly sesquiterpenes. High concentration of trans-caryophyllene was found in the studied oils. Some chemical components were specific for each species and other components had common occurrence in all four species, allowing their differentiation into two groups, one composed of P. amboinicus and P. neochilus and another one by P. grandis and P. barbatus. In conclusion, the four boldo species had significant differences as to essential oil yield and chemical composition.