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When exploring the challenges of restoring degraded lakes, we often do not observe the expected results despite executing all planned activities. Our study elucidates the reasons that impede the recovery of submerged macrophytes despite ameliorated light conditions. When prolonged lake degradation occurs, subsequent efforts to increase light availability often prove insufficient, resulting in a persistent turbid water state. In this study, we attempted to determine the reasons for these failures through a germination test and propagule bank analysis conducted in bottom sediments from a severely degraded lake, which underwent restoration. Although the bottom sediments indicate relative potential in the number of oospores and seeds, their germination efficacy remained dismally low. Based on the germination test results and factors affecting the development of submerged macrophytes (physical and chemical parameters, lake morphology), we stated that improvement of light conditions in the lake could be insufficient to recover the vegetation, especially when the potential to renew diverse plant communities from sediments naturally is low. Our findings advocate for a paradigmatic shift in lake restoration strategies. A holistic approach that includes propagule bank assessments before embarking on restoration initiatives and enabling the identification of macrophyte resurgence potentials is recommended. We also advocate for a multifaceted restoration framework, emphasizing the indispensability of augmenting natural recovery mechanisms with targeted interventions. Consequently, in some cases, macrophyte reintroduction could be the only solution. By reintroducing autochthonic species to site-specific ecological dynamics, we anticipate an increased success rate in restituting submerged vegetation, thus catalyzing ecological regeneration within degraded lake ecosystems.

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Volcanism can cause major impacts, including climate change and mass extinctions. However, the impact of monogenetic volcanism is often considered as limited in volcanological research. This work provides for the first time an interdisciplinary approach to the socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in a key region, the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF, Girona, NE Iberia), where intense monogenetic volcanic activity occurred in the past. The analyses of a sedimentary sequence from the GVF enabled identifying previously unknown volcanic eruptions in the time interval 14-8.4 ka cal BP, constrain their volcanic stratigraphy and age, and unfold the effects of environmental change on geomorphology, vegetation, aquatic organisms and humans. Moreover, we reconstruct the major palaeoenvironmental changes caused by the eruptions in terms of fire episodes and subsequent disturbance on vegetation, hydrology and limnological conditions. When put in context with the archaeological record, it appears that the last hunter-gatherer communities were resilient at an extra-local scale, facing episodes of vulnerability due to volcanic activity, suggesting that their flexible nomadic patterns and foraging economies were an efficient source of risk management against the volcanic eruptions and their ecological impacts.

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The water concentrations of 12 heavy and other metals/metalloids were analyzed seasonally along two horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CWs) (Tancat Mília-TM and Tancat l'Illa-TLI) located within the Mediterranean Albufera de València Natural Park during 2020-2021. A wide-scope screening of pesticides present in waters was also performed. The two CWs were created to improve water quality and increase biodiversity. They currently receive effluent waters from two different tertiary-treatment wastewater plants, and the water flows along the CWs before being discharged into the main lagoon and a smaller lagoon in TM and TLI, respectively. TLI manages to reduce (Mn) or maintain the concentration of most of the studied elements (Zn, Ni, Hg, Cr, Fe Cd, Cu) at the same level as outside (67%). Only Al, Pb, B, and As remain at a higher concentration. TM also reduces Zn and Cu and keeps the concentration of Cr, Cd, and Hg (representing 42%). Al, Pb, B, and As remain at higher concentrations, as in TLI, but Ni, Fe, and Mn are also at higher concentrations. Although both CWs vary in their ability to remove elements, no risks to human health or the environment have been detected due to the low metal concentration in their outlets, all of them (except Hg) below the legal limits for environmental quality in the European Union. With the detection of 71 compounds in water in each CW area (26 herbicides, 26 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TLI, and 29 herbicides, 23 insecticides, and 19 fungicides in TM), we also provide evidence of the impact of pesticides, which depends on the application method (helicopter, tractor), originated from areas with high agricultural pressure (chiefly rice crops) on systems (mainly TM) created to preserve biodiversity. Nevertheless, both systems provide crucial environmental services in water quality in this agrolandscape.

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Restoration cases with hydrophytes (those which develop all their vital functions inside the water or very close to the water surface, e.g., flowering) are less abundant compared to those using emergent plants. Here, I synthesize the latest knowledge in wetland restoration based on revegetation with hydrophytes and stress common challenges and potential solutions. The review mainly focusses on natural wetlands but also includes information about naturalized constructed wetlands, which nowadays are being used not only to improve water quality but also to increase biodiversity. Available publications, peer-reviewed and any public domain, from the last 20 years, were reviewed. Several countries developed pilot case-studies and field-scale projects with more or less success, the large-scale ones being less frequent. Using floating species is less generalized than submerged species. Sediment transfer is more adequate for temporary wetlands. Hydrophyte revegetation as a restoration tool could be improved by selecting suitable wetlands, increasing focus on species biology and ecology, choosing the suitable propagation and revegetation techniques (seeding, planting). The clear negative factors which prevent the revegetation success (herbivory, microalgae, filamentous green algae, water and sediment composition) have to be considered. Policy-making and wetland restoration practices must more effectively integrate the information already known, particularly under future climatic scenarios.

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The contribution of plankton in the performance of three constructed wetlands (CWs) within the Albufera de València Natural Park has been analyzed, taxonomic group by group, over a two-year operation period in the different sectors of each CW: horizontal subsurface-flow -A-, free-water surface flow -B- and lagoons -C-. Tancat de la Pipa CW (TPCW) only contains B-C sectors, while the others have all three types. Treatment efficiency of each sector type on the taxonomic groups was evaluated by calculating frequency of phytoplankton reduction (or zooplankton production), mass removal (or production) efficiencies and rates, and accumulated removed phytoplankton mass (or produced zooplankton mass). The phytoplankton biomass entering Tancat de Mília CW (TMCW) was significantly higher (47 ± 22 mm3·L-1) than in the other CWs (10 ± 11, 6 ± 5 mm3·L-1), but the outlets did not show significant differences. 7574 and 180 kg DW were eliminated during the two-year period in TMCW and Tancat de L'Illa CW (TLICW), from which 72% and 91% were removed cyanobacteria. Conversely, 470 kg DW of phytoplankton were produced in TPCW, but 99 kg of cyanobacteria eliminated. Mean efficiencies in zooplankton production were 682%, 157% and 112% in TLICW, TMCW and TPCW. There were evident spring production peaks of cladocerans in all CWs. Ostracods were much more abundant in the B sectors (related to the high density of emergent vegetation). In TMCW, the removal efficiencies were significantly higher during the second operation year. These CWs have undergone changes in the composition of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities, both spatially and temporally, which represent an improvement in the water quality which is returned to the eutrophic main lagoon within the Natural Park. We do not recommend using only chlorophyll and phycocyanin measurements as a surrogate of phytoplankton and cyanobacterial biomass. Instead, this can be considered only as a complement to the traditional analyses of microalgae and cyanobacterial presence.

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Increases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a negative global change factor, affect aquatic primary producers. This effect is expected to be modulated by other global change factors, and to be different for populations adapted to different environments. A common garden experimental approach using freshwater green macroalgae, the cosmopolitan charophyte species Chara hispida and C. vulgaris, allowed us to test whether the beneficial increases in water temperature (T) and nitrate concentration (N) mitigate negative UVR effects. Also, whether these interactions would be not only species-specific but also according to the origin of the population; therefore, two populations of each species were used: one from a coastal wetland and the other from a mountain lake. Two factorial-design experiments were performed: (i) the presence and absence of UVR × lower and higher T × four populations, and (ii) the presence and absence of UVR × lower and higher N × four populations. Response variables were: growth, morphometry, UVR-protective compounds, photosynthetic pigments, and stoichiometric composition. There were consistent response patterns in the key variables that represent different organization levels. Our main results showed that both warming and, to a lesser extent, the increase in nutrients ameliorated the negative effects of UVR on the molecular processes involved in acclimation to UVR, and that such a mitigating effect depended on the different phenotypic plasticity of each species and each ecotype. The coastal populations, being from a more variable environment, were more resilient than the mountain populations, mainly because of changes in growth and morphology.

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Introducción: Los meningiomas que asocian cambios quísticos prominentes (MQ) han representado un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico desde los orígenes de la neurocirugía moderna. Presentamos la experiencia en el manejo clínico y quirúrgico de esta entidad en nuestro Servicio. Material y métodos: En este estudio descriptivo se incluyen los MQ intervenidos en nuestro Servicio en los últimos 15 años, evaluando las variables clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas de este subgrupo de meningiomas, con especial énfasis en la correlación de los hallazgos radiológicos y patológicos. Los tumores se clasificaron siguiendo el esquema propuesto por Nauta y sus colaboradores. Resultados: Se identificaron 11 casos, lo que supone un 1,8% de los meningiomas intervenidos en ese periodo. Todos los pacientes eran adultos y 8 de ellos, mujeres. Entre los síntomas, destacó la alta frecuencia de crisis epilépticas, mientras que solo un caso desarrolló hipertensión intracraneal aguda. La morfología predominante fue el tipo 2, seguida de los tipos 1, 3 y 4. En 5 casos pudo establecerse un diagnóstico radiológico inequívoco de meningioma. Todos los pacientes fueron tratados mediante cirugía, sin evidenciarse casos de recurrencia durante un seguimiento medio de 52,8 meses. Aunque la mayoría de las neoplasias correspondieron al grado i de la OMS, incluyendo subtipos variados, 4 de ellas fueron diagnosticadas como meningiomas atípicos. Conclusiones: De forma excepcional, los meningiomas pueden desarrollar cambios quísticos, intra- o extratumorales, en número y tamaño variable. Estos constituyen hallazgos poco típicos que pueden dificultar seriamente su diagnóstico diferencial radiológico. Los meningiomas con quistes periféricos de cápsula fina (tipos 2 y 3) suponen el escenario quirúrgico más complejo, pues el realce capsular en las pruebas de imagen no traduce necesariamente infiltración tumoral, mientras que el quiste puede contener células neoplásicas. Por lo tanto, recomendamos realizar al menos biopsia de la cápsula o seudocápsula, y lavado minucioso de la cavidad quirúrgica especialmente en estos subtipos

Introduction: Meningiomas associating prominent cystic changes (CM) have challenged neurosurgeons since the beginning of this surgical discipline. We present the experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this entity in our institution. Material and methods: A review of our patient database was carried out, searching for those CM that were operated on in the last 15 years. Relevant clinical data were recorded and analyzed for each case, with special emphasis in the correlation of radiological and pathological findings. Cystic changes were classified according to the scheme proposed by Nauta et al. Results: A total of 11 patients were gathered, which represents 1.8% of the meningiomas operated on in our department during the period studied. All were adults, predominantly female patients (8 cases). Among the clinical symptoms a high rate of epileptic seizures was observed while only one patient developed acute intracranial hypertension. Morphologically, most tumors corresponded to type 2 CMs, followed by types 1, 3 and 4. In only five patients an unequivocal radiological diagnosis of meningioma could be made. All neoplasms were surgically removed and there were no records of recurrence (mean follow-up: 52.8 months). Microscopic findings were consistent with the pathological diagnosis of atypical meningioma in 4 cases, while the remaining tumors corresponded to OMS grade I neoplasms with variable microscopic patterns. Conclusions: Meningiomas can exceptionally associate cystic changes, both intra and/or extratumoral, in variable number and size. When cystic changes become too prominent (a large number or big-sized cysts), a serious preoperative diagnostic dilemma may arise. The surgical management of those CMs displaying a peripheral, thin-walled cyst (types 2 and 3) is especially complex, as contrast enhancement of the tumor wall did not correlate strictly with neoplastic invasion; even in the absence of this feature free floating islands of meningothelial cells intermixed with cyst fluid can be found. Consequently both surgical biopsy of every suspicious tissue and copious irrigation of the surgical cavity are strongly recommended for these CM types

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INTRODUCTION: Meningiomas associating prominent cystic changes (CM) have challenged neurosurgeons since the beginning of this surgical discipline. We present the experience in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this entity in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review of our patient database was carried out, searching for those CM that were operated on in the last 15 years. Relevant clinical data were recorded and analyzed for each case, with special emphasis in the correlation of radiological and pathological findings. Cystic changes were classified according to the scheme proposed by Nauta et al. RESULTS: A total of 11 patients were gathered, which represents 1.8% of the meningiomas operated on in our department during the period studied. All were adults, predominantly female patients (8 cases). Among the clinical symptoms a high rate of epileptic seizures was observed while only one patient developed acute intracranial hypertension. Morphologically, most tumors corresponded to type 2 CMs, followed by types 1, 3 and 4. In only five patients an unequivocal radiological diagnosis of meningioma could be made. All neoplasms were surgically removed and there were no records of recurrence (mean follow-up: 52.8 months). Microscopic findings were consistent with the pathological diagnosis of atypical meningioma in 4 cases, while the remaining tumors corresponded to OMS grade I neoplasms with variable microscopic patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Meningiomas can exceptionally associate cystic changes, both intra and/or extratumoral, in variable number and size. When cystic changes become too prominent (a large number or big-sized cysts), a serious preoperative diagnostic dilemma may arise. The surgical management of those CMs displaying a peripheral, thin-walled cyst (types 2 and 3) is especially complex, as contrast enhancement of the tumor wall did not correlate strictly with neoplastic invasion; even in the absence of this feature free floating islands of meningothelial cells intermixed with cyst fluid can be found. Consequently both surgical biopsy of every suspicious tissue and copious irrigation of the surgical cavity are strongly recommended for these CM types.

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Ecological systems may occur in alternative states that differ in ecological structures, functions and processes. Resilience is the measure of disturbance an ecological system can absorb before changing states. However, how the intrinsic structures and processes of systems that characterize their states affects their resilience remains unclear. We analyzed time series of phytoplankton communities at three sites in a floodplain in central Spain to assess the dominant frequencies or "temporal scales" in community dynamics and compared the patterns between a wet and a dry alternative state. The identified frequencies and cross-scale structures are expected to arise from positive feedbacks that are thought to reinforce processes in alternative states of ecological systems and regulate emergent phenomena such as resilience. Our analyses show a higher species richness and diversity but lower evenness in the dry state. Time series modeling revealed a decrease in the importance of short-term variability in the communities, suggesting that community dynamics slowed down in the dry relative to the wet state. The number of temporal scales at which community dynamics manifested, and the explanatory power of time series models, was lower in the dry state. The higher diversity, reduced number of temporal scales and the lower explanatory power of time series models suggest that species dynamics tended to be more stochastic in the dry state. From a resilience perspective our results highlight a paradox: increasing species richness may not necessarily enhance resilience. The loss of cross-scale structure (i.e. the lower number of temporal scales) in community dynamics across sites suggests that resilience erodes during drought. Phytoplankton communities in the dry state are therefore likely less resilient than in the wet state. Our case study demonstrates the potential of time series modeling to assess attributes that mediate resilience. The approach is useful for assessing resilience of alternative states across ecological and other complex systems.

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Microcystins (MCs) are produced by cyanobacteria in aquatic environments and adversely affect macrophytes at very high concentrations. However, the effects of MC on macrophytes at concentrations of environmental relevance are largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to analyze the allelopathic effects of MC-LR at natural concentrations (1, 8 and 16 µg MC-LR/L) on five charophyte species (Chara aspera, C. baltica, C. hispida, C. vulgaris and Nitella hyalina) and the angiosperm Myriophyllum spicatum. Macrophyte specimens were obtained from a restored area located in Albufera de València Natural Park, a protected coastal Mediterranean wetland. Two different experiments were conducted involving (i) the addition of MC-LR to natural sediment to evaluate its effects on seed germination and (ii) the addition of MC-LR to water cultures of macrophytes to evaluate its effects on growth and metabolic functions. In water, the MC-LR concentration decreased by 84% in two weeks; the loss was not significant in sediment. The first seedlings (all C. hispida) emerged from the wetland sediment following a delay of a few days in the presence of MC-LR. The germination rates in 8 and 16 µg MC-LR/L treatments were 44% and 11% of that occurring in the absence of MC, but these differences disappeared over time. The final density was 6-7 germlings/dm(3). Final germling length was unaffected by MC-LR. Rotifers (Lecane spp.) emerging from the natural sediment during the experiment were favored by MC-LR; the opposite pattern was observed in the cladoceran Daphnia magna. The growth rates of C. vulgaris, C. baltica and N. hyalina were unaffected by MC exposure, whereas those of C. hispida and C. aspera were reduced in the MC treatments relative to the control treatment. The concentration of chlorophyll-a and the in vivo net photosynthetic rate were lower in the presence of MC-LR, even at the lowest concentration, for all of the characeans tested. M. spicatum was sensitive to the presence of MC-LR in the culture medium; the growth and chlorophyll-a concentrations were reduced. Therefore, environmentally relevant concentrations of MC might induce important changes in macrophyte meadows and the structure of the associated plankton community. Synchrony or delay in the processes evaluated here in response to environmentally relevant concentrations of cyanobacteria MC exudates can enhance understanding of the turning point to alternative states and the point of no return in eutrophicated shallow lakes.

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This study evaluates whether the size structure of seston (the sum of living and nonliving particles in the water column) reflects the effects of fish on wetland water quality. Using enclosures, we measured water quality and zooplankton community structure in the presence and absence of two fish species with distinct foraging strategies [benthivorous carp (Cyprinus carpio) and planktivorous mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)]. Seston collected from the enclosures was counted and sized automatically with a Coulter counter, and the size structure in the range of 1-60 microm was modelled using the underlying Pareto distribution of particles. Only Cyprinus contributed to a loss of water quality (increased nutrient levels, algal and non-algal turbidity, hypoxia), while both fish species changed zooplankton community composition compared to fishless controls. However, these changes were not reflected in parameters [goodness of fit (r (2)) and parameter c (slopes)] of Pareto models. Multivariate statistics suggest that seston size structure responded more to environmental gradients related to water depth but the relationships were also weak. Our overall result contrasts with the regulation of size spectra constructed from living organisms. Although seston integrates many structural and functional features of the water column, the lack of strong relationships between Pareto model parameters and water quality suggests that a size-based approach to characterise seston structure has a limited potential for assessing biota-mediated effects in wetlands in a straightforward manner.

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Los ácidos grasos polinsaturados (AGP) derivados de los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) tienen importantes roles en la formación y mantenimiento de estructuras de membrana, jugando un papel trascendente en la síntesis de lípidos estructurales y en el desarrollo neural. Se han señalado anormalidades en las funciones neurológicas de lactantes alimentados con fórmulas con respecto a lactantes alimentados con leche materna y se conoce el efecto de la desnutrición calórico-proteica sobre la composición en AGP de algunos tejidos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de diferentes fórmulas comerciales sobre la composición en ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos de plasma y eritrocitos. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de lactantes desnutridos por causa socioeconómicoculturales nacidos a término: dos recibieron fórmulas (una de ellas sólo aportó ácidos linoleicos y alfa- linolénicos y la otra contenía además agragados ácidos grasos polinsaturados de mayor longitud de cadenas derivados de ambas series: n-3 y n-6 y el tercer grupo, alimentado con leche materna, se consideró como control. Se determinó la composición de ácidos grasos de los fosfolipídos de plasma y eritrocitos por cromatografía gas-líquido. Los resultados mostraron, en lactantes alimentados con fórmulas, mayor proporción de ácidos saturados y monoetilénicos, y menor porcentaje en el total de ácidos polinsaturados con respecto a los alimentados con leche materna. Estas diferecias son más marcadas en los que recibieron fórmulas sin suplemento AGP. Seconcluye que en lactante desnutridos el uso de fórmulas enriquecidasen ácidos grasos polinsaturados logra restaurar en parte, el perfil de ácidos grasos en fosfolipídos de plasma y eritrocitos, que se asemeja al de los que reciben leche materna, y es diferente a los alimentados con fórmulas comunes.

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Los ácidos grasos polinsaturados (AGP) derivados de los ácidos grasos esenciales (AGE) tienen importantes roles en la formación y mantenimiento de estructuras de membrana, jugando un papel trascendente en la síntesis de lípidos estructurales y en el desarrollo neural. Se han señalado anormalidades en las funciones neurológicas de lactantes alimentados con fórmulas con respecto a lactantes alimentados con leche materna y se conoce el efecto de la desnutrición calórico-proteica sobre la composición en AGP de algunos tejidos. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de diferentes fórmulas comerciales sobre la composición en ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos de plasma y eritrocitos. Se seleccionaron tres grupos de lactantes desnutridos por causa socioeconómicoculturales nacidos a término: dos recibieron fórmulas (una de ellas sólo aportó ácidos linoleicos y alfa- linolénicos y la otra contenía además agragados ácidos grasos polinsaturados de mayor longitud de cadenas derivados de ambas series: n-3 y n-6 y el tercer grupo, alimentado con leche materna, se consideró como control. Se determinó la composición de ácidos grasos de los fosfolipídos de plasma y eritrocitos por cromatografía gas-líquido. Los resultados mostraron, en lactantes alimentados con fórmulas, mayor proporción de ácidos saturados y monoetilénicos, y menor porcentaje en el total de ácidos polinsaturados con respecto a los alimentados con leche materna. Estas diferecias son más marcadas en los que recibieron fórmulas sin suplemento AGP. Seconcluye que en lactante desnutridos el uso de fórmulas enriquecidasen ácidos grasos polinsaturados logra restaurar en parte, el perfil de ácidos grasos en fosfolipídos de plasma y eritrocitos, que se asemeja al de los que reciben leche materna, y es diferente a los alimentados con fórmulas comunes. (AU)

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Objetivos. El propósito de esta publicación fue analizar la evolución del desarrollo psicológico den niños que provienen de hogares pobres del área urbana marginal del Gran La Plata, que padecieron desnutrición en su primer año de vida, en forma comparada con niños de la misma procedencia que no padecieron desnutrición. Población. Selección de la muestra: grupo experimental (GE), pacientes ambulatorios de la Unidad de Rehabilitación Nutricional del Hospital de Niños Sor María Ludovica de la Plata. Edad de ingreso: de 0 a 24 meses, sin daño neurológico ni genético, con desnutrición de causa primaria, nivel socioeconómico bajo. Localidad: Gran La Plata. Grupo control (GC): niños bien nutridos, cotejados según sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico. Material y métodos. A partir del ingreso al programa (tiempo I) se realizó un seguimiento longitudinal sistematizado durante 2 años (tiempo 3). Desarrollo psicológico: se evaluó de acuerdo a la edad de los niños, con pruebas estandarizadas y puntajes homologables. Estado nutricional: indicador P/E criterio de Gómez modificado según normas nacionales. Nivel socioeconómico. Indice específico para poblaciones urbanas de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Resultados. T1. El GE presentó diferencias con el grupo control (GC) y con el estándar. El GC no presentó diferencias con el estándar. T2. El GE mejoró, no encontrándose diferencias entre el GE y el GC. Sin embargo, los dos presentaron diferencias con el estándar de la prueba. T3. Ambos grupos presentaron puntuaciones muy bajas y diferencias significativas con los valores esperados para el estándar de la prueba. Conclusiones. Los niños evaluados en este estudio, eutróficos y desnutridos, mostraron bajas puntuaciones en su cociente intelectual, cuya causa principalmente imputamos a las desfavorables condiciones medioambientales en las cuales crecen y se desarrollan

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objetivos.El propósito de esta publicación fue analizar la evolución del desarrollo psicológico en niños que provienen de hogares pobres del área urbana marginal en La Plata que padecieron desnutrición en su primer año de vida.Población.Selección de la muestra:Grupo experimental(GE),pacientes ambulatorios de la Unidad de Rehabilitación Nutricional del Hospital de Niños"Sor Maria Ludovica"de La Plata.Edad de ingresode 0 a 24 meses,sin daño neurológico ni genético, con desnutrición de causa primaria,nivel socioeconómico bajo.Localidad:Gran La Plata. Grupo control(GC):niños bien nutridos,cotejados según sexo,edad y nivel socioeconómico.Marerial y Métodos.A partir del ingreso al programa(tiempo 1)se realizó un seguimiento longitudinal sistematizado durante 2 años(tiempo 2).A los 10 años del ingreso al programa los niños fueron evaluados nuevamente( tiempo3).Desarrollo psicológico:Se evaluó de acuerdo a la edad de los niños con pruebas estandarizadas y puntajes homologables.Resultados.T1.El GE presentó diferencias con el Grupo Control y con el estándar.El GC no presentó diferencias con el estándar.T2.El GE mejoró,no encontrándose diferencias entre el GE y el GC.Sin embargo,los 2 presentaron diferencias con el estándar de la prueba.T3.Ambos grupos presentaron puntuaciones muy bajas y diferencias significativas con los valores esperados para el estándar de la prueba

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objetivos.El propósito de esta publicación fue analizar la evolución del desarrollo psicológico en niños que provienen de hogares pobres del área urbana marginal en La Plata que padecieron desnutrición en su primer año de vida.Población.Selección de la muestra:Grupo experimental(GE),pacientes ambulatorios de la Unidad de Rehabilitación Nutricional del Hospital de Niños"Sor Maria Ludovica"de La Plata.Edad de ingresode 0 a 24 meses,sin daño neurológico ni genético, con desnutrición de causa primaria,nivel socioeconómico bajo.Localidad:Gran La Plata. Grupo control(GC):niños bien nutridos,cotejados según sexo,edad y nivel socioeconómico.Marerial y Métodos.A partir del ingreso al programa(tiempo 1)se realizó un seguimiento longitudinal sistematizado durante 2 años(tiempo 2).A los 10 años del ingreso al programa los niños fueron evaluados nuevamente( tiempo3).Desarrollo psicológico:Se evaluó de acuerdo a la edad de los niños con pruebas estandarizadas y puntajes homologables.Resultados.T1.El GE presentó diferencias con el Grupo Control y con el estándar.El GC no presentó diferencias con el estándar.T2.El GE mejoró,no encontrándose diferencias entre el GE y el GC.Sin embargo,los 2 presentaron diferencias con el estándar de la prueba.T3.Ambos grupos presentaron puntuaciones muy bajas y diferencias significativas con los valores esperados para el estándar de la prueba

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El propósito de este trabajo es obtener información relativa a la asociación entre desnutrición infantil de causa primaria y morbilidad en el contexto local, para lo cual se comparan dos muestras de 50 familias cada una, de nivel socioeconómico bajo del ámbito urbano del Gran La Plata: una con niños desnutridos (FD) y otra con niños eutróficos (FE). Se identifican los factores sociodemográficos, ocupacionales y de vivienda que las diferencian, encontrándose una fuerte asociación entre la desnutrición primaria y el aumento de morbi-mortalidad en los niños. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian el alto costo social y económico cuando no se implementan los programas de prevención y detección precoz que esta problemática amerita.

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El diseño de planes sociales se centra, a partir de esta década, en conceptos tales como calidad de vida y desarrollo humano. El objeto de este trabajo es identificar un indicador de fácil obtención que a nivel poblacional detecte a los niños vulnerables en su desarrollo psicológico. De los asentamientos urbano - marginales del gran La Plata y gran Buenos Aires se seleccionó una muestra de 830 niños de 2 a 5 años de edad. Se realizó la evaluación del estado nutricional utilizando los indicadores Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad y registrando peso de nacimiento. El desarrollo psicológico se investigó mediante el test de desarrollo psicomotor de Haeussler y Marchand (TEPSI). Cuando se analizó el estado nutricional con el indicador Talla/Edad, tanto con el punto de corte a -2 Z como a -1 Z, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el desarrollo psicológico de los niños eutróficos y desnutridos. Esto permite afirmar que ese indicador, de fácil obtención a nivel epidemiólogico, resulta útil para la detección de la población infantil vulnerable en sua desarrollo psicológico, con el fin de implementar políticas sociales que actúen tempranamente en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida futura. (AU)

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El diseño de planes sociales se centra, a partir de esta década, en conceptos tales como calidad de vida y desarrollo humano. El objeto de este trabajo es identificar un indicador de fácil obtención que a nivel poblacional detecte a los niños vulnerables en su desarrollo psicológico. De los asentamientos urbano - marginales del gran La Plata y gran Buenos Aires se seleccionó una muestra de 830 niños de 2 a 5 años de edad. Se realizó la evaluación del estado nutricional utilizando los indicadores Peso/Edad, Peso/Talla y Talla/Edad y registrando peso de nacimiento. El desarrollo psicológico se investigó mediante el test de desarrollo psicomotor de Haeussler y Marchand (TEPSI). Cuando se analizó el estado nutricional con el indicador Talla/Edad, tanto con el punto de corte a -2 Z como a -1 Z, se encontraron diferencias significativas en el desarrollo psicológico de los niños eutróficos y desnutridos. Esto permite afirmar que ese indicador, de fácil obtención a nivel epidemiólogico, resulta útil para la detección de la población infantil vulnerable en sua desarrollo psicológico, con el fin de implementar políticas sociales que actúen tempranamente en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida futura.

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Se estudiaron 70 pacientes portadores de cardiopatías congénitas mediante diferentes parámetros nutriconales: antropometría, "test" cutáneo de hipersensibilid retardad, conteo de linfocitos, proteínas plasmáticas (prealbúmina, albúmina y transferrina). Se esableció el nivel de asociación de los parámetros nutricionales y la morbimortalidad post-operatoria. La mejor asociación fue demostrada a través del "test" cutáneo de hipersensibilidad retardada

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