RESUMEN
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic fungal disease that occurs in Latin America and primarily affects humans. The disease has been rarely documented in non-human primates. This report details a disseminated and fatal case of PCM caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a western black-handed tamarin (Saguinus niger) under human care. Histopathological examination revealed extensive pyogranulomatous inflammation in the lungs, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, kidneys, epididymis, right testicle, heart, adrenal gland and intestines, associated with characteristic yeast forms consistent with Paracoccidioides spp and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular analysis indicated a high nucleotide similarity with P. brasiliensis sequences for both the 18S rRNA and gp43 genes. This naturally occurring infection highlights the susceptibility of these animals to PCM and their role in ecoepidemiology warrants further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Monos , Paracoccidioidomicosis , Saguinus , Animales , Paracoccidioidomicosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Monos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Monos/patología , Masculino , ParacoccidioidesRESUMEN
The escalating prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) underscores the need for innovative therapeutic interventions since current palliative measures, including the standard l-Dopa formulations, face challenges of tolerance and side effects while failing to address the underlying neurodegenerative processes. Here, we introduce DAD9, a novel conjugate molecule that aims to combine symptomatic relief with disease-modifying strategies for PD. Crafted through knowledge-guided chemistry, the molecule combines a nonantibiotic doxycycline derivative with dopamine, preserving neuroprotective attributes while maintaining dopaminergic agonism. This compound exhibited no off-target effects on PD-relevant cell functions and sustained antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the tetracycline precursor. Furthermore, it effectively interfered with the formation and seeding of toxic α-synuclein aggregates without producing detrimental oxidative species. In addition, DAD9 was able to activate dopamine receptors, and docking simulations shed light onto the molecular details of this interaction. These findings position DAD9 as a potential neuroprotective dopaminergic agonist, promising advancements in PD therapeutics.
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Dopamina , Diseño de Fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/síntesis química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Humanos , Dopamina/metabolismo , alfa-Sinucleína/metabolismo , alfa-Sinucleína/efectos de los fármacos , Doxiciclina/farmacología , Doxiciclina/síntesis química , Agonistas de Dopamina/farmacología , Agonistas de Dopamina/síntesis química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , AnimalesRESUMEN
Tick abnormalities have been unusual in nature, and they can be divided into local and general. In the present study, external morphological anomalies were described in 31 individual adult ticks of 15 different species of Ixodidae, which were collected on wild hosts (20 ticks), domestic hosts (7 ticks), and in the environment (4 ticks) in 11 states of Brazil from 1998 to 2022. Among the 31 tick specimens, 14 (45%) were categorized as local anomalies, and 17 (55%) as general anomalies. The ticks were taxonomically identified into 14 species of Amblyomma, and one species of Rhipicephalus. Local anomalies included malformations of scutum/alloscutum, ectromely, leg atrophy, and a third ectopic spiracular plate. General anomalies included opisthosoma duplication, no expansion of dorsal alloscutum in engorged females, and gynandromorphism; the latter is described for 13 tick specimens. Morphological anomalies in Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma humerale and Amblyomma longirostre are reported for the first time. Although the results herein expand the list of anomalous tick species in the Neotropics, future studies should be conducted to clarify the origin of these anomalies.
Asunto(s)
Ixodidae , Rhipicephalus , Infestaciones por Garrapatas , Femenino , Animales , Ixodidae/anatomía & histología , Brasil , Amblyomma , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinariaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To compare accuracy, precision, and residual volume of commonly used syringes for intravitreal injections (IVIs) and to assess the intraocular pressure (IOP) rise by variations in volumes delivered. DESIGN: Experimental laboratory study. SUBJECTS: No subjects were involved in this study. METHODS: We tested 8 syringe models with 2 different needle setups, with 2 different solutions (distilled water or glycerin) and target volumes (50 and 70 µL). To obtain the delivered and residual volumes, we weighed the syringe-needle setups with scale before liquid withdrawal, with liquid, and after liquid release. We also created an experimental eye model to determine the transient rise in IOP following stepwise 10-µL increases in injection volumes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Delivered and residual volumes, IOP rise. RESULTS: We tested a total of 600 syringe-needle setups. Becton Dickinson (BD) Ultra-Fine (0.34 ± 0.28 µL), Zero Residual (1.53 ± 1.15 µL), and Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free (1.40 ± 1.16 µL) syringes showed the lowest residual volume (P < 0.001) in comparison with the others (range: 24.86 ± 1.78 µL for Injekt-F to 51.97 ± 3.37 µL for Omnifix-F). The most accurate setups were (percentage deviation from target volume): Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free (+ 0.70%), Zero Residual 0.3 ml (+ 4.49%), BD Ultra-Fine (+ 7.83%), Injekt-F (9.42%), Norm-Ject (+ 15.88%), Omnifix-F (+ 16.96%), BD Plastipak Brazil (+17.96%), and BD Plastipak Spain syringes (+ 19.41%). There was a statistically significant difference between the Zero Residual Silicone Oil-free syringe and all other syringes (P < 0.0001), except for the Zero Residual 0.3-ml syringe (P = 0.029). The coefficient of variation was low for all syringes. The modeled IOP rise ranged from 32.3 (standard deviation [SD], 1.4) mmHg for 20-µL injection volume to 76.5 (SD, 1.0) mmHg for 80-µL injection volume. For the standard 50-µL injection volume, the peak pressure was 50.7 (SD, 0.1) mmHg, and the pressure rise duration was 28 (SD, 2) minutes. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in accuracy and residual volume between syringes, whereas they showed a high precision. Volume excess results in a considerable increase in IOP rise after injection. These findings may provide a relevant overview to clinicians and to both device and drug manufacturers regarding pharmacoeconomic, safety, and efficacy issues. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Asunto(s)
Oftalmopatías , Jeringas , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Volumen Residual , Presión Intraocular , Aceites de SiliconaRESUMEN
The science of sensory ecology formally emerged in the book of Ali (1978), when behavioral ecology was gaining popularity. Until 2020, three main books were written on the subject, in 1992 (Dusenbery 1992), 2001 (Barth & Schmid 2001) and 2013 (Stevens 2013). The definitions of sensory ecology provided by Ali emphasize adaptation, optimality and fitness. These are main concepts of behavioral ecology but the last two are not necessarily fundamentals of sensory ecology. Here I looked at the evolution of the concept of sensory ecology and tried to understand whether there is evidence that the definitions given in 1978 had been influenced by behavioral ecology. I have counted the appearances of these three words (adapt*, optim* and fitness) in these books, divided by the number of words in each book, and compared the numbers to the definitions of sensory ecology given. Authors in Ali´s book often use adaptation but seldom deal with optimality or fitness. I suggest that the appearance of these keywords of behavioral ecology in the definitions of sensory ecology in Ali´s book was maybe a necessity to fit in the paradigms of that time. Sensory ecology was actually mechanistic in 1978 and 1992. Sensory ecology is now both mechanistic and evolutionary.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , EcologíaRESUMEN
(1) Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli are divided into two groups: diarrheagenic (DEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) E. coli. ExPEC causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) are termed uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and are the most common cause of UTIs worldwide. (2) Methods: Here, we characterized 112 UPEC in terms of phylogroup, serotype, the presence of virulence factor-encoding genes, and antimicrobial resistance. (3) Results: The majority of the isolates were assigned into the phylogroup B2 (41.07%), and the serogroups O6 (12.5%) and O25 (8.9%) were the most frequent. Five hybrid UPEC (4.5%), with markers from two DEC pathotypes, i.e., atypical enteropathogenic (aEPEC) and enteroaggregative (EAEC) E. coli, were identified, and designated UPEC/aEPEC (one isolate) and UPEC/EAEC (four isolates), respectively. Three UPEC/EAEC harbored genes from the pap operon, and the UPEC/aEPEC carried ibeA. The highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (46.4%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (34.8%), while 99.1% of the isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin and/or fosfomycin. Moreover, 9.8% of the isolates were identified as Extended Spectrum ß-Lactamase producers, including one hybrid UPEC/EAEC. (4) Conclusion: Our data reinforce that hybrid UPEC/DEC are circulating in the city of Botucatu, Brazil, as uropathogens. However, how and whether these combinations of genes influence their pathogenicity is a question that remains to be elucidated.
RESUMEN
Mesoteliomas são neoplasias malignas que causam lesões graves e extensas em peritônio, pleura, pericárdio e órgãos adjacentes. O presente estudo de caso discorre sobre o óbito de uma onça-pintada (Panthera onca) mantida sob cuidados humanos em um zoológico do estado de São Paulo, com idade estimada de 19 anos, que apresentou aumento de volume abdominal, ascite, diminuição de deslocamento pelo recinto, inapetência e polidipsia. O paciente foi submetido a exames clínicos, laboratoriais e de diagnósticos por imagem, e em curto espaço de tempo foi a óbito. Os resultados anatomopatológicos e imuno-histoquímicos indicaram o diagnóstico conclusivo de mesotelioma peritoneal, com metástase em linfonodo mesenterico.(AU)
Mesotheliomas are malignant neoplasms and cause severe and extensive lesions in the peritoneum, pleura, pericardium and adjacent organs. The present case study discusses the death of a jaguar (Panthera onca) kept under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with an estimated age of 19-years-old. He presented increased abdominal volume, ascites, decreased displacement by the enclosure, inappetence and polydipsia. The patient underwent clinical, laboratory and diagnostic imaging tests and died after a short period of time. The anatomopathological results indicated the diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma, with metastasis in the mesenteric lymph node.(AU)
Los mesoteliomas son neoplasias malignas y provocan lesiones graves y extensas en el peritoneo, pleura, pericardio y órganos adyacentes. El presente estudio de caso presenta la muerte de un jaguar (Panthera onca) mantenido bajo cuidado humano en un zoológico en el estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con una edad estimada de 19 años. El animal presentó aumento de volumen abdominal, ascitis, disminución del desplazamiento por el recinto, inapetencia y polidipsia. Al paciente se le realizaron pruebas clínicas, de laboratorio y de diagnóstico por imágenes, pero en poco tiempo falleció. Los resultados anatomopatológicos indicaron el diagnóstico de mesotelioma peritoneal, con metástasis en el ganglio mesenterico.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Neoplasias Peritoneales/diagnóstico , Mesotelioma/diagnóstico , Pericardio/anatomía & histología , Peritoneo/anatomía & histología , Pleura/anatomía & histología , Panthera , Animales de ZoológicoRESUMEN
In the last decades, the presence of peri-implant diseases (PD) has increased. One of the therapies currently used is probiotics with Lactobacillus reuteri (LR). The aim of this article is to determinate, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the clinical effectiveness of LR in the treatment of PD. We searched the literature until January 2021, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were: randomized controlled clinical trials, without language and time restriction, reporting the clinical effects (depth to probing, plaque index and bleeding index) of the LR in the PD treatment. The risk of study bias was analyzed through the Cochrane tool for randomized studies using Review Manager software. The search strategy resulted in 6 articles of which four investigated peri-implantitis and three peri-implant mucositis. All studies reported that there was a difference in the depth of the probing in the treatment of PD, in favor of the group using LR, though not always achieving significance. The use of LR can be clinically effective in terms of pocket depth reduction in the treatment of PD.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Dentales , Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Periimplantitis , Probióticos , Humanos , Periimplantitis/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare differences in mortality risk factors between admission and follow-up incorporated models. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 524 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection admitted to a tertiary medical center in São Paulo, Brazil from 13 March to 30 April 2020. Data were collected on admission, and the third, eighth and fourteenth days of hospitalization. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated and 28-day in-hospital mortality risk factors were compared between admission and follow-up models using a time-dependent Cox regression model. RESULTS: Of 524 patients, 50.4% needed mechanical ventilation. The 28-day mortality rate was 32.8%. Compared with follow-up, admission models under-estimated the mortality HR for peripheral oxygen saturation <92% (1.21 versus 2.09), heart rate >100 bpm (1.19 versus 2.04), respiratory rate >24/min (1.01 versus 1.82) and mechanical ventilation (1.92 versus 12.93). Low oxygen saturation, higher oxygen support and more biomarkers-including lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and urea remained associated with mortality after adjustment for clinical factors at follow-up compared with only urea and oxygen support at admission. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of follow-up measurements changed mortality hazards of clinical signs and biomarkers. Low oxygen saturation, higher oxygen support, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and urea could help with prognosis of patients during follow-up.
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COVID-19/mortalidad , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/complicaciones , Estudios de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Biológicos , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Respiración Artificial , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
This study evaluated ticks and rickettsial exposure in 220 free-ranging lowland tapirs, Tapirus terrestris, from 2006 to 2018 in selected areas of three major biomes of Brazil - Atlantic Forest, Pantanal, and Cerrado. Overall, a total of 5970 tick specimens representing the following nine species were collected from tapirs: Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma parvum, Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma triste, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi, and Rhipicephalus microplus. Amblyomma sculptum was the most prevalent and abundant tick species in all three biomes; however, mean intensity values for A. sculptum were significantly lower in Atlantic Forest than in the Pantanal or Cerrado, and at the same time, statistically similar among tapirs from Pantanal and Cerrado. Contrastingly, mean intensity values for A. coelebs were significantly higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the other biomes. The remaining tick species were collected in lower numbers, or were exclusive for one biome, e.g., A. brasiliense and H. juxtakochi only in the Atlantic Forest. A total of 177 blood sera (123 individuals plus 54 recaptures) were collected from tapirs and tested for the presence of reactive antibodies to six Rickettsia species by immunofluorescence assay. Overall, 69% (9/13), 49% (62/126), and 66% (25/38) tapir sera from Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Cerrado, respectively, were seroreactive to at least one Rickettsia species, with no significant difference between the three areas. Although many tapir sera reacted simultaneously to ≥2 Rickettsia species, Rickettsia parkeri elicited highest % seroprevalence and endpoint titers, and was incriminated as the possible agent involved in a homologous reaction in tapirs from the three biomes, where A. ovale was previously found infected by R. parkeri. In fact, seroconversion to R. parkeri was demonstrated in five tapirs that were captured at least twice during the study. This study demonstrated that tapirs were found to be constantly infested by several tick species in the Atlantic Forest, Pantanal and Cerrado biomes; however, the richness of tick infestations was concordant to the tick species known to be established in each biome. Under natural conditions, lowland tapirs were shown to be exposed to tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae.
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Ixodidae/microbiología , Ixodidae/fisiología , Perisodáctilos , Infecciones por Rickettsia/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Ecosistema , Femenino , Ixodidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Larva/microbiología , Larva/fisiología , Masculino , Ninfa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ninfa/microbiología , Ninfa/fisiología , Prevalencia , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Especificidad de la Especie , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/epidemiología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/parasitologíaRESUMEN
BackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease associated with progressive muscle weakness and motor disability.ObjectiveThis study aims to report the evaluation of nusinersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, on motor function in patients with SMA types 2 and 3.MethodsThis single-center retrospective observational study assessed nusinersen therapy outcomes, measured by HSMFSE or CHOP-INTEND scales, in patients with SMA types 2 and 3, compared to untreated patients, for at least 24 months.ResultsA total of 41 patients with SMA types 2 and 3 under nusinersen treatment were included. In 30 treated patients (mean age: 10.6 years; 14 with SMA type 2), the mean change in HFMSE scores was +1.47 points (SDâ=â0.4) and +1.60 points (SDâ=â0.6) after 12 and 24 months of treatment, respectively. In contrast, the control group (Nâ=â37) (mean age: 10.2 years; 20 with SMA type 2) presented a mean change of -1.71 points (SDâ=â0.02) and -3.93 points (SDâ=â0.55) after 12 and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. The most severe patients under nusinersen treatment (Nâ=â11) showed a change of +2.37 (SDâ=â1.13) on the CHOP-INTEND scale after 12 months of follow-up. Disease duration at the beginning of treatment was the main predictor of functional improvement. Despite functional gain and motor stabilization, treatment with nusinersen did not prevent the progression of scoliosis.ConclusionsOur data provide evidence for the long-term safety and efficacy of nusinersen use in the treatment of later-onset SMA, and patients with shorter disease duration showed better response to treatment.
Asunto(s)
Atrofia Muscular Espinal/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligonucleótidos Antisentido/farmacología , Oligonucleótidos/farmacología , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Adolescente , Edad de Inicio , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Oligonucleótidos/administración & dosificación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
O crescimento neoplásico é definido como proliferação autônoma e progressiva das células, que na maioria dos casos está correlacionada à presença de massa ou tumor. As neoplasias são pouco relatadas em felinos silvestres e a indicação quase sempre é a exérese da neoformação. Há um significativo aumento na incidência de neoplasias em animais silvestres mantidos sob cuidados humanos, provavelmente relacionadas ao aumento da taxa de longevidade dos animais em zoológicos. Um exemplar de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) apresentou aumento de volume do testículo direito e foi submetido a exames de imagens e laboratoriais. O exame citológico e histopatológico foi conclusivo para seminoma, e o paciente foi submetido a orquiectomia unilateral. O felino apresentou recuperação satisfatória e será acompanhado pelos próximos anos para o monitoramento da neoplasia no organismo. Esse é o primeiro relato de seminoma em jaguatirica.
Neoplastic growth is defined as an autonomous and progressive proliferation of cells which, in most cases, is correlated with the presence of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms are rarely reported in wild cats and the indicated treatment is almost always the excision of the new formation. There is a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals under human care, probably related to the increase in the longevity rate of animals kept in zoos. A specimen of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) showed an increase in the volume of the right testicle and the patient was submitted to imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnosis was conclusive for seminoma and the patient underwent a unilateral orchiectomy. The patient has recovered well and will be followed-up over the next few years to monitor the presence of neoplasm in the body. This is the first report of seminoma in an ocelot.
El crecimiento de una neoplasia se caracteriza por la proliferación autónoma y progresiva de las células, que en la mayoría de los casos está relacionada con la presencia de una masa o un tumor. Existen pocos relatos de tumores en felinos salvajes, en los que está indicada casi siempre su extirpación. Se ha comprobado un aumento significativo de las neoplasias en animales salvajes bajo cuidados humanos, probablemente relacionado con la mayor longevidad de esos animales en zoológicos. Un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) presentó aumento de volumen del testículo derecho. Fueran realizados exámenes de laboratorio y de imágenes. Los exámenes tológicos e histopatológicos evidenciaron la presencia de un seminoma, por lo que fue realizada una orquiectomía unilateral. El felino tuvo una recuperación satisfactoria y será controlado durante los próximos años ante la eventual aparición de otros tumores, recidiva o metástasis. Este es el primer relato de un seminoma en un ocelote.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Felidae , Neoplasias Testiculares/clasificación , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , OrquiectomíaRESUMEN
A piometra nos felinos pode se apresentar com ou sem secreção vaginal, dependendo da abertura do colo uterino. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes de uma piometra de colo uterino fechado são perda do apetite, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia e aumento de volume abdominal. A conduta veterinária depende de inúmeros fatores, mas invariavelmente a paciente é submetida a procedimentos cirúrgicos de ovário-histerectomia. O presente relato de caso se refere a uma onça- parda (Puma concolor) de mais de 16 anos sob cuidados humanos em um zoologico do interior de São Paulo com suspeita clinica de piometra fechada. A paciente foi submetida a exame de ultrassom, análises laboratoriais e ovário-histerectomia. O animal se recuperou bem e retornou ao recinto de exposição do jardim zoológico.
Pyometra in felines may present with a vaginal discharge or no vaginal discharge, depending on the opening of the uterine cervix. The most obvious clinical signs of a closed uterine cervix pyometra are loss of appetite, apathy, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperthermia and abdominal enlargement. The veterinary approach depends on numerous factors, but the patient is invariably submitted to an ovariohysterectomy. This case report discusses a puma (Puma concolor), aged over 16 years and under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with clinical suspicion of closed pyometra. The patient underwent ultrasound examination, laboratory analysis and an ovariohysterectomy. The animal recovered well and returned to the display enclosure at the zoo.
En felinos la piómetra se puede presentar con o sin secreción vaginal, dependiendo de que el cuello uterino se encuentre abierto o cerrado. Los signos clinicos más evidentes de cuello cerrado son la pérdida del apetito, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia y aumento del volumen abdominal. El tratamiento depende de muchos factores, pero es común que a estos pacientes se les realice una ovariohisterectomia. El presente relato refiere a una puma (Puma concolor) de más de 16 años bajo cuidados humanos en un zoológico del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con diagnóstico presuntivo de piómetra cerrada. Se realizó una ecografia, exámenes de laboratorio y, finalmente, se realizó la ovariohisterectomia El animal se recupero bien, y volvió a su recinto de exposición en el zoológico.
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Animales , Histerectomía Vaginal , Piómetra/clasificación , Piómetra/diagnóstico , PumaRESUMEN
A piometra nos felinos pode se apresentar com ou sem secreção vaginal, dependendo da abertura do colo uterino. Os sinais clínicos mais evidentes de uma piometra de colo uterino fechado são perda do apetite, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia e aumento de volume abdominal. A conduta veterinária depende de inúmeros fatores, mas invariavelmente a paciente é submetida a procedimentos cirúrgicos de ovário-histerectomia. O presente relato de caso se refere a uma onça- parda (Puma concolor) de mais de 16 anos sob cuidados humanos em um zoologico do interior de São Paulo com suspeita clinica de piometra fechada. A paciente foi submetida a exame de ultrassom, análises laboratoriais e ovário-histerectomia. O animal se recuperou bem e retornou ao recinto de exposição do jardim zoológico.(AU)
Pyometra in felines may present with a vaginal discharge or no vaginal discharge, depending on the opening of the uterine cervix. The most obvious clinical signs of a closed uterine cervix pyometra are loss of appetite, apathy, lethargy, polydipsia, polyuria, hyperthermia and abdominal enlargement. The veterinary approach depends on numerous factors, but the patient is invariably submitted to an ovariohysterectomy. This case report discusses a puma (Puma concolor), aged over 16 years and under human care in a zoo in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with clinical suspicion of closed pyometra. The patient underwent ultrasound examination, laboratory analysis and an ovariohysterectomy. The animal recovered well and returned to the display enclosure at the zoo.(AU)
En felinos la piómetra se puede presentar con o sin secreción vaginal, dependiendo de que el cuello uterino se encuentre abierto o cerrado. Los signos clinicos más evidentes de cuello cerrado son la pérdida del apetito, apatia, letargia, polidipsia, poliuria, hipertermia y aumento del volumen abdominal. El tratamiento depende de muchos factores, pero es común que a estos pacientes se les realice una ovariohisterectomia. El presente relato refiere a una puma (Puma concolor) de más de 16 años bajo cuidados humanos en un zoológico del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, con diagnóstico presuntivo de piómetra cerrada. Se realizó una ecografia, exámenes de laboratorio y, finalmente, se realizó la ovariohisterectomia El animal se recupero bien, y volvió a su recinto de exposición en el zoológico.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Piómetra/clasificación , Piómetra/diagnóstico , Puma , Histerectomía VaginalRESUMEN
O crescimento neoplásico é definido como proliferação autônoma e progressiva das células, que na maioria dos casos está correlacionada à presença de massa ou tumor. As neoplasias são pouco relatadas em felinos silvestres e a indicação quase sempre é a exérese da neoformação. Há um significativo aumento na incidência de neoplasias em animais silvestres mantidos sob cuidados humanos, provavelmente relacionadas ao aumento da taxa de longevidade dos animais em zoológicos. Um exemplar de jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) apresentou aumento de volume do testículo direito e foi submetido a exames de imagens e laboratoriais. O exame citológico e histopatológico foi conclusivo para seminoma, e o paciente foi submetido a orquiectomia unilateral. O felino apresentou recuperação satisfatória e será acompanhado pelos próximos anos para o monitoramento da neoplasia no organismo. Esse é o primeiro relato de seminoma em jaguatirica.(AU)
Neoplastic growth is defined as an autonomous and progressive proliferation of cells which, in most cases, is correlated with the presence of a mass or tumor. Neoplasms are rarely reported in wild cats and the indicated treatment is almost always the excision of the new formation. There is a significant increase in the incidence of neoplasms in wild animals under human care, probably related to the increase in the longevity rate of animals kept in zoos. A specimen of ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) showed an increase in the volume of the right testicle and the patient was submitted to imaging and laboratory tests. The diagnosis was conclusive for seminoma and the patient underwent a unilateral orchiectomy. The patient has recovered well and will be followed-up over the next few years to monitor the presence of neoplasm in the body. This is the first report of seminoma in an ocelot.(AU)
El crecimiento de una neoplasia se caracteriza por la proliferación autónoma y progresiva de las células, que en la mayoría de los casos está relacionada con la presencia de una masa o un tumor. Existen pocos relatos de tumores en felinos salvajes, en los que está indicada casi siempre su extirpación. Se ha comprobado un aumento significativo de las neoplasias en animales salvajes bajo cuidados humanos, probablemente relacionado con la mayor longevidad de esos animales en zoológicos. Un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) presentó aumento de volumen del testículo derecho. Fueran realizados exámenes de laboratorio y de imágenes. Los exámenes tológicos e histopatológicos evidenciaron la presencia de un seminoma, por lo que fue realizada una orquiectomía unilateral. El felino tuvo una recuperación satisfactoria y será controlado durante los próximos años ante la eventual aparición de otros tumores, recidiva o metástasis. Este es el primer relato de un seminoma en un ocelote.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Felidae , Neoplasias Testiculares/clasificación , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , OrquiectomíaRESUMEN
Brazil concentrates the largest number of primate species in the world. In the present study, an extensive literature review of ticks on New World wild monkeys has been carried out, demonstrating that between the years 1912 to 2018, 182 larvae, 137 nymphs and 31 adult ticks (10 males and 21 females) were collected on 78 primates (from 12 different species) in 28 distinct localities in the Brazilian territory. Additionally, examination of allotments of 11 tick collections of Brazil revealed that from 1919 to 2019, 93 larvae, 91 nymphs and 175 adult ticks (62 males and 113 females) were collected from 100 monkeys (among 20 different species) from 43 localities in distinct Brazilian biomes. Overall, 19 tick species were identified on wild primates in the country: Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772), Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto, Amblyomma coelebs Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma dubitatum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma geayi Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma incisum Neumann, 1906, Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844), Amblyomma naponense (Packard, 1869), Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899, Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844, Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca & Aragão, 1952, Amblyomma romarioi Martins, Luz & Labruna, 2019, Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi Cooley, 1946, Ixodes fuscipes Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) sensu lato,and Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911. The presence of A. incisum, A. naponense, A. nodosum, A. rotundatum and I. fuscipes on monkeys is recorded for the first time. Thisresearch is therefore a significant contribution to the knowledge of tick speciesassociated with non-human primates in the Neotropical region.
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Myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder, may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19. We conducted an observational retrospective study with 15 consecutive adult MG patients admitted with COVID-19 at four hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil. Most patients with MG hospitalized for COVID-19 had severe courses of the disease: 87% were admitted in the intensive care unit, 73% needed mechanical ventilation, and 30% died. Immunoglobulin use and the plasma exchange procedure were safe. Immunosuppressive therapy seems to be associated with better outcomes, as it might play a protective role.
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3D-printing is an emerging technique that enables the fast prototyping of multiple-use devices. Herein we report the fabrication of a 3D-printed graphene/polylactic acid (G-PLA) conductive electrode that works as a sampler and a voltammetric sensor of metals in gunshot residue (GSR) using a commercially-available G/-PLA filament. The 3D-printed surface was used as swab to collect GSR and next submitted to a square-wave voltammetric scan for the simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Sb3+. The proposed sensor presented excellent analytical performance, with limit of detection values of 0.5 and 1.8 µg L-1 to Pb2+ and Sb3+, respectively, and linear ranges between 50 and 1500 µg L-1. Sampling was performed through the direct contact of G-PLA electrode in hands and clothes of shooters, followed by immersion in the electrochemical cell in the presence of supporting electrolyte for the SWASV scan. The proposed method showed a great performance in the recovery, identification and semi-quantification of Pb2+ and Sb3+ in the evaluated samples without the need for sample preparation. Moreover, the device can be reused as sampler and sensor (until three times without loss of electrochemical performance) and the fabrication is reproducible (RSD = 7%, for three different devices). Hence, this 3D-printed material is an excellent candidate for the analysis of GSR, an indispensable analysis in the forensic field.
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Antimonio , Grafito , Electrodos , Plomo , Impresión TridimensionalRESUMEN
The common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, is widely distributed. However, information about its ecology and behavior in Brazilian waters is scarce especially about the 'offshore' ecotype, an Evolutionarily Significant Unit in the Southwest Atlantic. We report for the first time the occurrence, behavior and habitat use of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus truncatus, in two Marine Protected Areas (MPA) in Cabo Frio coast, Brazil. There were fifteen sightings of different groups throughout the year. An overall of 429 individuals were photo-identified. 90.7% dolphins did not present a degree of residence, 1.4% dolphins were considered with high residency to the area, 5.8% medium and 2.1% low. Our habitat use map indicated dolphins were more common off ~10km from Cabo Frio municipality and between depths around 20-70m. Bottlenose dolphins on Cabo Frio coast were more frequently observed performing travelling, followed by foraging and socio-sexual behavior. Group sizes varied from three to 120 individuals. Larger groups were observed when travelling and foraging. Despite the existence of two local Marine Protected Areas, the fast human development in Cabo Frio may threaten this important area for bottlenose dolphins in terms of food resources and shelter from predators.
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Delfín Mular , Migración Animal , Animales , Brasil , EcosistemaRESUMEN
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an important agent of acute and persistent diarrhea in children and adults worldwide. Here we report a characterization of 220 EAEC isolates, 88.2% (194/220) of which were typical and 11.8% (26/220) were atypical, obtained from diarrheal patients during seven years (2010-2016) of epidemiological surveillance in Brazil. The majority of the isolates were assigned to phylogroups A (44.1%, 97/220) or B1 (21.4%, 47/220). The aggregative adherence (AA) pattern was detected in 92.7% (204/220) of the isolates, with six of them exhibiting AA concomitantly with a chain-like adherence pattern; and agg5A and agg4A were the most common adhesin-encoding genes, which were equally detected in 14.5% (32/220) of the isolates. Each of 12 virulence factor-encoding genes (agg4A, agg5A, pic, aap, aaiA, aaiC, aaiG, orf3, aar, air, capU, and shf) were statistically associated with typical EAEC (P < 0.05). The genes encoding the newly described aggregate-forming pili (AFP) searched (afpB, afpD, afpP, and afpA2), and/or its regulator (afpR), were exclusively detected in atypical EAEC (57.7%, 15/26), and showed a significant association with this subgroup of EAEC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, we presented an extensive characterization of the EAEC circulating in the Brazilian settings and identified the afp genes as putative markers for increasing the efficiency of atypical EAEC diagnosis.