RESUMEN
Introducción: la violencia de género es un mal endémico de la cultura patriarcal a nivel global y constituye un grave problema de salud pública. Objetivo: describir las características y peculiaridades de la violencia de género en Cuba y el papel del sector salud en la atención a este tipo de violencia. Método: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de artículos publicados durante los últimos 10 años. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos procedentes de bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS y PUBMED, sitios webs, libros y revistas en Internet. Desarrollo: la forma más común de violencia en Cuba es la violencia intrafamiliar contra las mujeres y las niñas, en todas sus manifestaciones, con predominio de la violencia psicológica. La región más afectada es la oriental. Conclusiones: el sector salud constituye un elemento clave en la prevención, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de la mujer tras haber sufrido una experiencia de maltrato.[AU]
Asunto(s)
Salud Pública , Violencia de Género , Violencia contra la MujerRESUMEN
In this work we proposed to evaluate the corrosion resistance of four different alloys by electrochemical techniques, a binary alloy Cu10Al, and three ternary alloys Cu10Al-xAg (x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) to be used like biomaterials in dental application. Biomaterials proposed were tested in artificial saliva at 37°C for 48 h. In addition, pure metals Cu, Al, Ag, and Ti as reference materials were evaluated. In general the short time tests indicated that the Ag addition increases the corrosion resistance and reduces the extent of localized attack of the binary alloy. Moreover, tests for 48 hours showed that the Ag addition increases the stability of the passive layer, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of the binary alloy. SEM analysis showed that Cu10Al alloy was preferably corroded by grain boundaries, and the Ag addition modified the form of attack of the binary alloy. Cu-rich phases reacted with SCN(-) anions forming a film of CuSCN, and the Ag-rich phase is prone to react with SCN(-) anions forming AgSCN. Thus, binary and ternary alloys are susceptible to tarnish in the presence of thiocyanate ions.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Oportunistas Relacionadas con el SIDA/diagnóstico , Candidiasis Bucal/diagnóstico , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/fisiología , Leucoplasia Vellosa/diagnóstico , Carga Viral , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/sangreRESUMEN
These types of monoclonal antibodies 8E8, 3F7 and 1E9 to dengue 4 virus H-241 strain. These monoclonal antibodies show various patterns of reactivity to the four dengue serotypes and different antigen preparations of serotype 4 when they were tested in various serological methods. The monoclonal antibody 8E8 exhibited a specificity of serotype (D-2; by hemagglutination inhibition); subcomplex (D-2 and D-4 by immunofluorescence) and complex (by immunoperoxidase technique). It was able to neutralize by 80% homologous virus and it turned out to be the only reactive monoclonal antibody in the complement fixation test. The monoclonal 3F7 did not react to by hemagglutination inhibition, recognized serotypes D-1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 by immunofluorescence and only serotypes D1 and D4 by immunoperoxidase technique but it was unable to neutralize the homologous virus. The 1E9 antibody was reactive to serotypes D1, D-2, D-3 and D-4 only by hemagglutination inhibition and neutralized serotype D-4. All the monoclonal antibodies were able to react to various dengue antigens through an ELISA of double antibody and showed fluorescent activity against 38th pass in Beagle dog kidney culture; however, they could not react to a D-4 recombinant antigen.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Virus del Dengue/inmunología , Aedes/virología , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/análisis , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/aislamiento & purificación , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Células Cultivadas , Virus del Dengue/clasificación , Virus del Dengue/aislamiento & purificación , Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Hibridomas/inmunología , Riñón/citología , Ratones , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The cellular immune response to dengue type 2 virus envelope protein was studied. To this end, the lympho-proliferative capacity of T-lymphocytes obtained from splenocytes of animals immunized with the protein when they were stimulated by such protein and dengue 2 virus. It was realized that splenocytes proliferated significantly in response to both types of viral antigens and that the values of stimulation indexes were higher in response to the whole virus than to the protein alone. Based on the above-mentioned, it was concludes that purified dengue 2 virus envelope protein was capable of generating specific and memory responses of antigen T-cell to dengue 2 type virus.
Asunto(s)
Virus del Dengue , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/inmunología , Animales , Inmunidad Celular , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Physical examination of nails was carried out in 210 elderly patients and nail scrapings were obtained from onychomycosis suggested lesions in order to determine their causative agents, incidence and clinical characteristics. Diagnostic was confirmed by the isolation of the agents from 74 patients, mainly from toe-nails (incidence 35.2). Tinea pedis occurred in 25% of the cases and Diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent associated disease and the most frequent clinical characteristics were the thickening, the opacity and the presence of longitudinal strias in the surface of the nails. It was compared the results obtained by microscopic examination and by culture. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common dermatophyte isolated; Candida parapsilosis was dominant among Candida species.