RESUMEN
This study examined the relationships between self-reported and behavioral authoritative parenting practices and indicators of healthy and unhealthy eating in a sample of 29 families with a child 3-5 years of age (14 Latinx families, 15 White-European families). This study used self-report measures and an innovative audio recording device to track caregiver-child interactions in natural environments. Main findings of this study include that Latinx caregivers compared to White-European caregivers were less warm and less likely to encourage their children to eat, both at the behavioral level and the caregiver-report level. In the case of Latinx caregivers only, behavioral praise and warmth were related to lower consumption of sweets and sweetened beverages. Taken together, the findings of this study offer valuable insights into the nature of authoritative food parenting in naturalistic settings. Findings and implications for culturally relevant interventions are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Interacciones Alimento-Droga , Bebidas Azucaradas , Conducta Alimentaria , Alimentos , Humanos , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Responsabilidad ParentalRESUMEN
Latinx in the United States have greater life expectancy than other groups, in spite of their socioeconomic and psychosocial disadvantage. This phenomenon has been described as the Latinx health paradox. This investigation observed the interplay of cultural processes and social networks to shed light on this paradox. Latina (N = 26) and White-European (N = 24) mothers wore a digital recorder as they went about their daily lives. Four conversation styles were characterized from the recordings to measure the mothers' quality of their conversations (small talk and substantive conversations) within different social networks (with the father vs. other adults). As a positive indicator of well-being, laughter was assessed during the conversations. Results demonstrated that Latina mothers tend to laugh more than White-European mothers; and that this relation is mediated by substantive conversations with others. This suggests that Latinas' cultural processes afford meaningful conversations, which relates to more behavioral laughter, a process that may have positive implications on well-being.
Asunto(s)
Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud/fisiología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Risa/psicología , Esperanza de Vida , Adulto , Comunicación , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/genética , Humanos , Madres/psicología , Factores de Riesgo , Clase Social , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Población BlancaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Previous research has documented that Latinos/as value the cultural script Simpatía, a tendency to be kind, polite, and focus on others. No previous study has been able to capture the behavioral markers of Simpatía in a naturalistic environment. METHOD: Behavioral cross-sectional audio data were collected on the daily interactions between Latina and White European mothers with their partners and other adults using a digital audio recorder across 4 days. A mixed-methods approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Latinas exhibited increased behavioral Simpatía when talking to other adults compared to White European counterparts. Additionally, Latina mothers chose as a main character of their conversations other people rather than themselves. Conversely, White European mothers chose themselves as a main character of their conversations instead of other people. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that core features of Simpatía (kindness and focus on others) can be found at the behavioral level in the environment that Latina mothers face on a daily basis. Implications for the cultural self and future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Cultura , Ego , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Relaciones Interpersonales , Madres/psicología , Conducta Social , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Blanca/psicología , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Research has demonstrated that bilingual individuals experience a "double personality," which allows them to shift their self-schemas when they are primed with different language modes. In this study, we examine whether self-schemas change in Mexican-American (N = 193) bilinguals living in the U.S. when they provide open-ended personality self-descriptions in both English and Spanish. We used the Meaning Extraction Helper (MEH) software to extract the most salient self-schemas that influence individuals' self-defining process. Following a qualitative-inductive approach, words were extracted from the open-ended essays and organized into semantic clusters, which were analyzed qualitatively and named. The results show that as expected, language primed bilinguals to think about different self-schemas. In Spanish, their Mexican self-schemas were more salient; whereas, in English their U.S. American self-schemas were more salient. Similarities of self-schemas across languages were assessed using a quantitative approach. Language differences and similarities in theme definition and implications for self-identity of bilinguals are discussed.
RESUMEN
El presente trabajo describe la evidencia empírica en cuanto a la relación entre prácticas parentales, alimentación saludable y medidas objetivas de composición corporal en la niñez preescolar en contextos europeos, estadounidenses y latinoamericanos. Se encuentran algunas concordancias en cuanto a la presión y la restricción para comer. Se proponen direcciones para el desarrollo de líneas de investigación en el contexto latinoamericano: a) realización de más estudios, con el fin de confirmar si las relaciones entre las variables de interés se mantienen o cambian; b) realizar estos estudios con muestras aleatorizadas y representativas, con medidas de autoreporte y observacionales, de las prácticas parentales de alimentación; c) exploración del rol mediador y moderador de variables culturales y sociales específicas del contexto latinoamericano.
This paper describes empirical evidence regarding the relationship between parental practices, healthy eating and objective measures of body composition in preschool children in European, American and Latin American contexts. Concordances are noted in terms of pressure and restriction to eat. Directions are proposed for the development of lines of research in the Latin American context: a) conducting more studies in order to confirm if the relations between the variables of interest are maintained or changed; b) conduct these studies with randomized and representative samples, with self-report and observational measures of parental feeding practices; c) exploration of mediator and moderator roles that cultural and social variables specific to the Latin American context have on the relationships between the variables of interest.
RESUMEN
Previous cross-cultural studies have found differences in food attitudes. For example, Americans are more concerned about weight gain than people from France and India. This study aimed to add on the literature on cross-cultural differences in food attitudes by comparing Euro-Americans with Costa Ricans on three different food attitudes: concern about gaining weight, food negativity, and the belief in the link between diet and health. This study also analyzes the implications of food attitudes on well-being. Specifically, within and across cultures, analyses were done to test the relationship between food attitudes and both anxiety and depression. Results showed that Costa Ricans are significantly less concerned about weight and less food negative than Euro-Americans. In further analyses an interaction was revealed, in which Costa Ricans that are high on weight concern but low on food negativity show lower levels of depression, compared to Euro-Americans. Results and implications for further research are discussed.