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Due to the distinctive characteristics of probiotics, it is essential to pinpoint strains originating from diverse sources that prove efficacious in addressing a range of pathologies linked to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Nine strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from two different sources of tepache kefir grains (KAS2, KAS3, KAS4, KAS7, KAL4, KBS2, KBS3, KBL1 and KBL3), and were categorized to the genus Lacticaseibacillus, Liquorilactobacillus, and Lentilactobacillus by 16S rRNA gene. Kinetic behaviors of these strains were evaluated in MRS medium, and their probiotic potential was performed: resistance to low pH, tolerance to pepsin, pancreatin, bile salts, antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, and adhesion ability. KAS7 strain presented a higher growth rate (0.50 h-1) compared with KAS2 strain, who presented a lower growth rate (0.29 h-1). KBS2 strain was the only strain that survived the in vitro stomach simulation conditions (29.3%). Strain KBL1 demonstrated significantly higher viability (90.6%) in the in vitro intestine simulation conditions. Strain KAS2 demonstrated strong hydrophilic character with chloroform (85.6%) and xylol (57.6%) and a higher percentage of mucin adhesion (87.1%). However, strains KBS2 (84.8%) and KBL3 (89.5%) showed the highest autoaggregation values. In terms of adhesion to the intestinal epithelium in rats, strains KAS2, KAS3 and KAS4 showed values above 80%. The growth of the strains KAS2, KAS3, KAS4, KBS2, and KBL3 was inhibited by cefuroxime, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, and cephalothin. Strains KBS2 (41.9% and 33.5%) and KBL3 (42.5% and 32.8%) had the highest co-aggregation values with S. aureus and E. coli. The results obtained in this study indicate that lactic acid bacteria isolated from tepache can be considered as candidates for potentially probiotic bacteria, laying the foundations to evaluate their probiotic functionality in vivo and thus to be used in the formulation of functional foods.
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Kéfir , Lactobacillales , Probióticos , Animales , Ratas , Kéfir/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Lactobacillaceae/genética , Probióticos/química , Lactobacillales/genéticaRESUMEN
Different substrates have been implemented for the production of functional beverages. To avoid the presence of pathogens, beverages have been subjected to thermal treatments, such as sterilization or pasteurization, which can interfere with the physicochemical, rheological, functional, and organoleptic properties of the final product. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the physicochemical properties, such as acidity, pH, total solids, density, total and reducing sugar, as well as the antioxidant activity of a beverage formulated from rice flour (RF) and coconut water (CW). Three beverage formulations were evaluated: A (2% RF; 98% CW), B (5% RF; 95% CW), and C (8% RF; 92% CW), each of which was subjected to two heat treatments: sterilized (121 °C/15 psi/15 min) or pasteurized (60 °C/60 min and subsequently 73 °C/15 s). The heat treatments increased the acidity and reducing sugars but decreased pH, total sugar, and antioxidant activity. As for the rheological properties, the mixtures were pseudoplastic fluid. The physicochemical properties from RF and CW mixtures were dependent on the heat treatment, but these can be introduced as new nondairy substrates for the elaboration of functional beverages to be consumed mainly by those lactose intolerant.
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Due to the negative effects caused to the natural environment by the presence of pharmaceutical-type traces and other pollutants in wastewater, it is necessary to develop and optimize efficient treatment systems. This study evaluated the effect of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) on the behavior of seven EGSB (expanded granular sludge bed) anaerobic reactors at laboratory scale, using chromatographic and physicochemical analyses of the influent, effluent, and the biomass contained in the reactors. The results showed that CBZ had a greater effect on the removal and behavior of microorganisms than DCF, with average efficiencies of 34.04 ± 18.58%, 20.76 ± 8.51% and 16.29 ± 11.08% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for CBZ, and 92.37 ± 12.74%, 26.77 ± 5.90% and 22.28 ± 9.60% during stage II, III and IV, respectively, for DCF. Additionally, it was found that the interaction of the co-substrate used (sodium acetate) in conjunction with the pharmaceutical compounds decreased the efficiency of the system in terms of the removal of analytes.
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Diclofenaco , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos , Anaerobiosis , Reactores Biológicos , Carbamazepina , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodosRESUMEN
Anthropogenic pollution and global climate change have resulted in favorable environmental conditions for increased frequency and duration of cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic systems. Cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites called cyanotoxins, which have become a worldwide concern as they threaten human and animal health. The presence of cyanobacteria and four cyanotoxins were evaluated in a Colombian reservoir. The reservoir was monitored for a year, with sampling campaigns every 3 months in seven stations. To identify and quantify cyanotoxins, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) technique was used, and the quantification of cyanobacteria was done by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using a cyanobacterial-specific 16S rRNA gene fragment as a target. Cyanobacteria concentration was between 4.02 (± 0.11) × 104 and 2.72 (± 0.28) × 107 copies of Cyan 16S/µL, the minimum value corresponds to the station located in the central zone and the maximum to the station at the entrance of one of the tributary rivers. The presence of MC-RR, MC-LR, MC-YR, and NOD was detected in at least six of the seven sampling stations at different times of the year. In all cases, the concentration of the toxins detected was below 0.05 µg/L, so the guideline value established by the WHO for MC-LR was not exceeded.
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Cianobacterias , Microcistinas , Animales , Colombia , Cianobacterias/química , Toxinas de Cianobacterias , Humanos , Microcistinas/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
We investigated if supplementing obese mothers (MO) with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves milk long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) composition and offspring anxiety behavior. From weaning throughout pregnancy and lactation, female Wistar rats ate chow (C) or a high-fat diet (MO). One month before mating and through lactation, half the mothers received 400 mg DHA kg-1 d-1 orally (C+DHA or MO+DHA). Offspring ate C after weaning. Maternal weight, total body fat, milk hormones, and milk nutrient composition were determined. Pups' milk nutrient intake was evaluated, and behavioral anxiety tests were conducted. MO exhibited increased weight and total fat, and higher milk corticosterone, leptin, linoleic, and arachidonic acid (AA) concentrations, and less DHA content. MO male and female offspring had higher ω-6/ ω-3 milk consumption ratios. In the elevated plus maze, female but not male MO offspring exhibited more anxiety. MO+DHA mothers exhibited lower weight, total fat, milk leptin, and AA concentrations, and enhanced milk DHA. MO+DHA offspring had a lower ω-6/ω-3 milk intake ratio and reduced anxiety vs. MO. DHA content was greater in C+DHA milk vs. C. Supplementing MO mothers with DHA improves milk composition, especially LCPUFA content and ω-6/ω-3 ratio reducing offspring anxiety in a sex-dependent manner.
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Animales Recién Nacidos/psicología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Leche/química , Animales , Ansiedad/prevención & control , Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Femenino , Lactancia , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Dextran is an extracellular bacterial polysaccharide for which industrial applications have been found in different areas. Several researchers have optimized the fermentation conditions to maximize dextran production. This study aimed to characterize the dextran of Leuconostoc mesenteroides SF3, which was isolated from the aguamiel of Agave salmiana. To maximize the yield of dextran, the effects of sucrose concentration, temperature, and incubation time were studied. The experiments were conducted using a factorial design and a response surface methodology. L. mesenteroides SF3 produced a maximum yield of dextran (23.8 g/L ± 4) after 16 h of incubation at 25 °C with 10% sucrose. The functional properties such as water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, and emulsion activity of this unique dextran were 361.8% ± 3.1, 212.0% ± 6.7, and 58.3% ± 0.7, respectively. These properties indicate that the dextran produced by L. mesenteroides SF3 is a high-quality polysaccharide with potential applications in the food industry, and the optimized conditions for its production could be used for the commercial production of this dextran, which have significant industrial perspectives.
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The detection of SARS-CoV in wastewater has been proposed as a tool for monitoring COVID-19 at the community level. Although many reports have been published about detecting viral RNA in wastewater and its presence has been linked to infected people, appropriate analytical methodologies to use this approach have not yet been established. In this study, we compared ultrafiltration, polyethylene glycol precipitation, flocculation using AlCl3, and flocculation with skim milk for the recovery of SARS-CoV-2, using RNA from patients with positive diagnoses for COVID-19 and Pseudomonas phage φ6 as the control. We also evaluated the primers for detecting the E, RdRp, and N genes of the virus, as well as different storage times. Differences in the recovery efficiencies were evident with the different concentration methods, the best being ultrafiltration and precipitation with aluminum, which had recovery rates of 42.0% and 30.0%, respectively, when virus was present at high levels. Significant differences were found between the recoveries using wastewater and deionized water and between different storage times, with better recoveries for 6 and 12 h samplings. The E gene was the only one detected in all the samples analyzed. The results show that although this approach can provide important data for studying the pandemic, clear protocols are necessary for investigations to be comparable.
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COVID-19 , Virus , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Aguas ResidualesRESUMEN
Maternal obesity (MO) leads to offspring metabolic problems. The mechanisms involved are multifactorial. The small intestine plays an important role in the absorption of nutrients and is modified as we age. Few studies have explored MO programming effects on offspring (F1) small intestine morphology. The aim of this study was to investigate MO effects on old adult F1 intestinal morphology, and whether any F1 intestinal changes due to MO were modified by maternal resveratrol supplementation. From weaning throughout pregnancy and lactation, female Wistar rats (F0) ate standard chow (controls, C: 5%-fat) or high-fat diet (MO: 25%-fat). One month before mating at postnatal day (PND) 120 through lactation half of each group received 20 mg/kg/day of resveratrol orally (Cres or MOres). After weaning F1 were fed with chow diet until the end of the study at PND 650. Body weight, percent of fat, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride serum concentrations were determined. F1 small intestinal samples were collected for histological analysis. Male F1 body weight was higher in MO and MOres compared with C and Cres. Female F1 body weight and percent of fat was higher in MO than C and MOres. Triglyceride concentrations were higher in MO and MOres male F1 compared with C and Cres. There were no differences among groups in female triglyceride concentrations. Male F1 duodenal villus height was smaller in MO compared with MOres. Female F1 duodenal and jejunal crypt depth was smaller in MO compared with C and was greater compared with MOres. Female F1 villus height in jejunum was greater in MO compared with MOres. In conclusion, exposure to the developmental challenge of MO changed the aged F1 intestinal morphological and metabolic profiles. Maternal resveratrol supplementation ameliorated these effects in an F1 sex dependent manner.
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Obesidad Materna , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Resveratrol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Most of the obesity murine models inducing renal injury use calorie-enriched foods, where fat represents 60% of the total caloric supply, however, this strategy doubles the standard proportion of fat ingestion in obese patients. Therefore, it is crucial to study the impact of a high-fat intake on kidney physiology that resembles common obesity in humans to understand the trigger mechanisms of the long-term consequences of overweight and obesity. In this study, we analyzed whether chronic feeding with a moderately high fat diet (MHFD) representing 45% of total calories, may induce kidney function and structural injury compared to C57BL/6 mice fed a control diet. After 14 weeks, MHFD induced significant mice obesity. At the functional level, obese mice showed signs of kidney injury characterized by increased albuminuria/creatinine ratio and higher excretion of urinary biomarkers of kidney damage. While, at the structural level, glomerular hypertrophy was observed. Although, we did not detect renal fibrosis, the obese mice exhibited a significant elevation of Tgfb1 mRNA levels. Kidney damage caused by the exposure to MHFD was associated with greater oxidative stress, renal inflammation, higher endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress, and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics. In summary, our data demonstrate that obesity induced by a milder fat content diet is enough to establish renal injury, where oxidative stress, inflammation, ER-stress, and mitochondrial damage take relevance, pointing out the importance of opportune interventions to avoid the long-term consequences associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Enfermedades Renales/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Animales , Enfermedades Renales/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/patologíaRESUMEN
Animal studies indicate that suboptimal conditions during pregnancy adversely impact both maternal health and offspring phenotype, predisposing offspring to development of later-life diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and behavioral and reproductive dysfunction. Effective interventions during pregnancy and/or lactation are needed to improve both maternal and offspring health. This review addresses the relationship between adverse perinatal insults and its negative impact on offspring development and presents some maternal intervention studies in animal models, such as maternal nutrition (diet modification, antioxidants, omega-3-6 (n-3-6), probiotics) or physical activity, which can prevent or alleviate negative outcomes in both mother and offspring.
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Desarrollo Fetal , Enfermedades Fetales/etiología , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Animales , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Antecedentes. Los prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer suelen generar estrés en sus madres, que puede persistir más de seis meses luego del nacimiento. Este trastorno se denomina estrés postraumático crónico (EPTC).Objetivo. Detectar frecuencia y síntomas del EPTC en madres de prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer menores de 32 semanas de gestación.Métodos. Estudio transversal, mediante una encuesta voluntaria autoadministrada a madres con embarazo único. Se empleó la Escala de trauma de Davidson.Resultados. Se realizaron 172 encuestas; se eliminaron 26 incompletas. De 146 madres incorporadas, 64 (el 44 %) presentaron estrés. Las madres con EPTC tuvieron un 46,8 % de prematuros nacidos < 28 semanas vs. un 31,7 % en madres sin EPTC (p: 0,032). Los prematuros con peso < 1000 g fueron más frecuentes en madres con EPTC, el 53 % vs. el 34 %en madres sin estrés(p: 0,011). No hubo diferencias entre grupos de madres en morbilidad neonatal (p: 0,072). La morbilidad grave fue más frecuente en madres con EPTC, el 44 %. vs. el 28 % (p: < 0,004). Las madres con menor escolaridad tuvieron EPTC significativamente mayor (p: 0,013). No hubo diferencias en la edad materna (p: 0,313), edad de los niños (p: 0,405) y días de hospitalización en la Unidad (p: 0,316).Conclusión. El 44 % de las madres de prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer tuvieron EPTC, significativamente más frecuente en prematuros ≤ 28 semanas, con peso < 1000 g, morbilidad grave y menor escolaridad materna
Background. The birth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants causes stress in mothers, which may continue for over 6 months. This is called chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD).Objective. To detect CPTSD frequency and symptoms among mothers of VLBW preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation.Methods. Cross-sectional cohort study in mothers using a survey based on the Davidson Trauma Scale.Results. A total of 172 surveys were administered but 146 were included; 82 (56 %) did not have stress symptoms, while 64 (44 %) had CPTSD. Mothers with CPTSD accounted for 46.8 % of preterm infants born at ≤ 28 weeks versus 31.7 % in those without CPTSD (p = 0.032). Preterm infants with a birth weight < 1000 g were significantly more frequent among mothers with CPTSD, 53 % versus 34 % among those without stress (p = 0.011). No differences were observed in neonatal morbidity (p = 0.072). Severe morbidity in preterm infants was significantly more common among those with CPTSD, 43.8 % versus 28 % (p ≤ 0.004).Mothers who had a lower education accounted significantly for more cases of CPTSD (p = 0.013). No significant differences were seen in maternal age (p = 0.313), children's age (p = 0.405), and length of stay (p = 0.316).Conclusion. Among the mothers of VLBW preterm infants, 44 % had CPTSD, and this was significantly more common among those who had preterm infants born at ≤28 weeks, a birth weight <1000 g, severe morbidity, and a lower level of education.
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Humanos , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Estrés Psicológico , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Edad Materna , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso , Madres/psicologíaRESUMEN
Background: The birth of very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants causes stress in mothers, which may continue for over 6 months. This is called chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). Objective: To detect CPTSD frequency and symptoms among mothers of VLBW preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study in mothers using a survey based on the Davidson Trauma Scale. Results: A total of 172 surveys were administered but 146 were included; 82 (56 %) did not have stress symptoms, while 64 (44 %) had CPTSD. Mothers with CPTSD accounted for 46.8 % of preterm infants born at ≤ 28 weeks versus 31.7 % in those without CPTSD (p = 0.032). Preterm infants with a birth weight < 1000 g were significantly more frequent among mothers with CPTSD, 53 % versus 34 % among those without stress (p = 0.011). No differences were observed in neonatal morbidity (p = 0.072). Severe morbidity in preterm infants was significantly more common among those with CPTSD, 43.8 % versus 28 % (p ≤ 0.004).Mothers who had a lower education accounted significantly for more cases of CPTSD (p = 0.013). No significant differences were seen in maternal age (p = 0.313), children's age (p = 0.405), and length of stay (p = 0.316). Conclusion: Among the mothers of VLBW preterm infants, 44 % had CPTSD, and this was significantly more common among those who had preterm infants born at ≤28 weeks, a birth weight <1000 g, severe morbidity, and a lower level of education.
Antecedentes. Los prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer suelen generar estrés en sus madres, que puede persistir más de seis meses luego del nacimiento. Este trastorno se denomina estrés postraumático crónico (EPTC). Objetivo. Detectar frecuencia y síntomas del EPTC en madres de prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer menores de 32 semanas de gestación. Métodos. Estudio transversal, mediante una encuesta voluntaria autoadministrada a madres con embarazo único. Se empleó la Escala de trauma de Davidson. Resultados. Se realizaron 172 encuestas; se eliminaron 26 incompletas. De 146 madres incorporadas, 64 (el 44 %) presentaron estrés. Las madres con EPTC tuvieron un 46,8 % de prematuros nacidos < 28 semanas vs. un 31,7 % en madres sin EPTC (p: 0,032). Los prematuros con peso < 1000 g fueron más frecuentes en madres con EPTC, el 53 % vs. el 34 % en madres sin estrés (p: 0,011). No hubo diferencias entre grupos de madres en morbilidad neonatal (p: 0,072). La morbilidad grave fue más frecuente en madres con EPTC, el 44 %. vs. el 28 % (p: < 0,004). Las madres con menor escolaridad tuvieron EPTC significativamente mayor (p: 0,013). No hubo diferencias en la edad materna (p: 0,313), edad de los niños (p: 0,405) y días de hospitalización en la Unidad (p: 0,316). Conclusión. El 44 % de las madres de prematuros de muy bajo peso al nacer tuvieron EPTC, significativamente más frecuente en prematuros ≤ 28 semanas, con peso < 1000 g, morbilidad grave y menor escolaridad materna.
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Recien Nacido Prematuro/psicología , Recién Nacido de muy Bajo Peso/psicología , Madres/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Adulto , Peso al Nacer , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
There are several different methods available for the determination of body fat composition. Two current methods requiring special instrumentation are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The use of these techniques is very limited despite desirable properties, due to their high costs. Dissection of all fat depots (DF) requires no special instrumentation and allows examination and evaluation of each fat depot in more detail. MRI, DXA, and DF each have their unique advantages and disadvantages when they are applied to animal models. Most studies have determined body fat in young animals, and few studies have been performed in aging models. The aim of this study was to compare MRI, DXA, and DF data in offspring (F1) of mothers fed with control and high-fat diet. We studied rats that varied by age, sex, and maternal diet. The relationships between the three methods were determined via linear regression methods (using log-transformed values to accommodate relativity in the relationships), incorporating when useful age, sex, or diet of the animal. We conclude that the three methods are comparable for measuring body fat, but that direct equivalence gets masked by age, sex, and sometimes dietary group. Depending on the equipment available, the budget of the laboratory, and the nature of the research questions, different approaches may often suggest themselves as the best one.
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Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Composición Corporal , Absorciometría de Fotón , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Disección , Femenino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is the way to model human intelligence to accomplish certain tasks without much intervention of human beings. The term AI was first used in 1956 with The Logic Theorist program, which was designed to simulate problem-solving ability of human beings. There have been a significant amount of research works using AI in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of its applicabication and, future perspectives that impact different areas of society. Even the remarkable impact of AI can be transferred to the field of healthcare with its use in pharmaceutical and biomedical studies crucial for the socioeconomic development of the population in general within different studies, we can highlight those that have been conducted with the objective of treating diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. In parallel, the long process of drug development also requires the application of AI to accelerate research in medical care. METHODS: This review is based on research material obtained from PubMed up to Jan 2020. The search terms include "artificial intelligence", "machine learning" in the context of research on pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. RESULTS: This study aimed to highlight the importance of AI in the biomedical research and also recent studies that support the use of AI to generate tools using patient data to improve outcomes. Other studies have demonstrated the use of AI to create prediction models to determine response to cancer treatment. CONCLUSION: The application of AI in the field of pharmaceutical and biomedical studies has been extensive, including cancer research, for diagnosis as well as prognosis of the disease state. It has become a tool for researchers in the management of complex data, ranging from obtaining complementary results to conventional statistical analyses. AI increases the precision in the estimation of treatment effect in cancer patients and determines prediction outcomes.
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Investigación Biomédica , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas , Inteligencia Artificial , Desarrollo de Medicamentos , Humanos , Aprendizaje AutomáticoRESUMEN
Maternal obesity (MO) during pregnancy and lactation leads to maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction. Recent research has suggested that probiotics might be a novel approach to counteract these unwanted MO effects. The aim of this research was to analyze the impact of Leuconostoc SD23, a probiotic isolated from aguamiel (traditional Mexican drink), on MO metabolism in rats at the end of lactation (21 days). From weaning through lactation, control female Wistar rats (C) ate chow (5% fat) or high-energy obesogenic diet (MO; 25% fat). Half the C and MO mothers received a daily dose (1 × 1010 CFU/ml) of probiotic orally, control with probiotic (CP) and MO with probiotic (MOP), 1 month before mating and through pregnancy and lactation. Histological analyses of the liver, white adipose tissue and small intestine, body composition, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and leptin were determined in mothers at the end of lactation. Maternal weight during pregnancy was greater in MO than C mothers, but similar at the end of lactation. Probiotic intervention had no effect on maternal weight. However, at the end of lactation, percentage of body fat was higher in MO than C, CP, and MOP. Serum glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglycerides were higher in MO versus C, CP, and MOP. MO small intestine villus height was higher versus MOP, C, and CP. Leuconostoc SD23 did not present adverse effects in C. Conclusions: maternal administration of Leuconostoc SD23 has beneficial effects on maternal metabolism, which holds possibilities for preventing adverse offspring metabolic programming.
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Leuconostoc , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/prevención & control , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/patología , Adiposidad/fisiología , Administración Oral , Animales , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Lactancia/psicología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/sangre , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/etiología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/patología , Probióticos/efectos adversos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , DesteteRESUMEN
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption induces obesity and increases blood glucose, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. Recent studies suggest that probiotics might be a novel approach to counteract these effects in the treatment of obesity. Here, we evaluated the effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SD23 on obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. In the present study, mice were randomly divided into four dietary groups: standard diet (C), HFD (OB), standard diet with L. mesenteroides SD23 (CP), and HFD with L. mesenteroides SD23 (OBP). Diets were maintained for 14 weeks. Animal weight was monitored and biochemical and histological analyses were performed after intervention. OB showed metabolic dysfunction, and increased the number of larger adipocytes compared to C. OB induced liver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, increased cholesterol, leptin, and glucose levels compared to C. OBP reduced body weight, glucose, cholesterol, and leptin levels and improved glucose tolerance compared to OB. OBP also reduced liver steatosis, the number of larger adipocytes in adipose tissue, and reduced the villus height in the small intestine. OBP decreased expression of TNF-α and increased expression of IL-10 in liver. The parameters evaluated in the CP were similar to the C. This study provides novel evidence that dietary intervention with L. mesenteroides SD23 improves metabolic dysfunction related to obesity in HFD-fed mice.
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Leuconostoc , Obesidad/terapia , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Colesterol/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
KEY POINTS: Maternal obesity predisposes to metabolic dysfunction in male and female offspring Maternal high-fat diet consumption prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation accelerates offspring metabolic ageing in a sex-dependent manner This study provides evidence for programming-ageing interactions ABSTRACT: Human epidemiological studies show that maternal obesity (MO) shortens offspring life and health span. Life course cellular mechanisms involved in this developmental programming-ageing interaction are poorly understood. In a well-established rat MO model, female Wistar rats ate chow (controls (C)) or high energy, obesogenic diet to induce MO from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. Females were bred at postnatal day (PND) 120. Offspring (F1 ) of mothers on control diet (CF1 ) and MO diet (MOF1 ) delivered spontaneously at terms. Both CF1 and MOF1 ate C diet from weaning throughout the study. Offspring were killed at PND 36, 110, 450 and 650. We determined body and liver weights, liver and serum metabolite concentrations, hormones and oxidative stress biomarkers. Male and female CF1 body weight, total fat, adiposity index, serum leptin, insulin, insulin resistance, and liver weight, fat, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and nitrotyrosine all rose with differing ageing trajectories. Female CF1 triglycerides were unchanged with age. Age-related increases were greater in MOF1 than CF1 in both sexes for all variables except glucose in males and females and cholesterol in males. Cholesterol fell in CF1 females but not MOF1 . Serum corticosterone levels were higher in male and female MOF1 than CF1 and declined with age. DHEA serum levels were lower in male and female MOF1 than CF1 . Liver antioxidant enzymes decreased with age (CF1 and MOF1 ). CONCLUSIONS: exposure to the developmental challenge of MO accelerates progeny ageing metabolic and endocrine profiles in a sex specific manner, providing evidence for programming-ageing interactions.
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Enfermedades Metabólicas/etiología , Obesidad Materna , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Adiposidad , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Animales , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Femenino , Lactancia , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Masculino , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos , Enfermedades Metabólicas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Metabólicas/patología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Estrés Oxidativo , Embarazo , Ratas Wistar , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
Human and animal studies indicate that obesity during pregnancy adversely impacts both maternal health and offspring phenotype predisposing them to chronic diseases later in life including obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Effective interventions during human pregnancy and/or lactation are needed to improve both maternal and offspring health. This review addresses the relationship between adverse perinatal insults and its negative impact on offspring development and presents some maternal intervention studies such as diet modification, probiotic consumption, or maternal exercise, to prevent or alleviate the negative outcomes in both the mother and her child.
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Lactancia , Salud Materna , Animales , Dieta , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Intervención Educativa Precoz , Ambiente , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Atención Perinatal , Embarazo , Vigilancia en Salud PúblicaRESUMEN
The presence of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater has not been widely studied because the sanitary engineering sector mainly focuses on the removal of organic matter and nutrients. There is a lack of environmental regulations for pollutants like antibiotics. Batch tests analyse biodegradability to measure the anaerobic degradation potential of the substrate, or they can be used as toxicity tests. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol (FLO), ceftiofur (CEF) and penicillin G (PEN), commonly used in Colombia for the treatment of livestock diseases, were added in different concentrations to anaerobic sludge contained in serological glass bottles. The production of methane stored in the empty spaces of the bottles was monitored in order to determine the effect of the aforementioned antibiotics on the anaerobic process. It was found that CEF did not have any inhibitory effect on methanogenic activity, while PEN showed inhibition at all concentrations evaluated.
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Antibacterianos/análisis , Bacterias Anaerobias , Biodegradación Ambiental , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Anaerobiosis , Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Reactores Biológicos , Colombia , Metano , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
Introducción. La apendicectomía por laparoscopia es uno de los procedimientos más frecuentemente practicados por el cirujano general. Aunque es un procedimiento estandarizado, suelen ser necesarias pequeñas variaciones en la técnica y el uso de herramientas como la sutura mecánica. Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: a) comparar la tasa de complicaciones entre los pacientes en quienes se utilizó Hem-o-lok® y endosutura Vs. sutura mecánica, durante este procedimiento, b) comparar la estancia hospitalaria y la tasa de nuevas hospitalizaciones entre los dos grupos, y c) determinar las indicaciones del cirujano sobre el uso de la sutura mecánica para la ligadura de la base apendicular durante una apendicectomía por laparoscopia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos. Se compararon las tasas de complicaciones intraoperatorias y posoperatorias de 222 pacientes con ligadura de la base apendicular, con Hem-o-lok® y endosutura (grupo A) Vs. 35 con sutura mecánica (grupo B), así como la estancia hospitalaria de pacientes en quienes se practicó la apendicectomía por laparoscopia por el Departamento de Cirugía General de la Fundación Clínica Shaio. Además, se determinó cuál fue la indicación por parte del cirujano sobre el uso de la sutura mecánica en estos pacientes. Resultados. De 257 pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía por laparoscopia, en 222 la ligadura de la base apendicular se hizo con Hem-o-lok® y endosutura (grupo A) y, en 35 pacientes, con sutura mecánica (grupo B). Cinco pacientes presentaron complicaciones infecciosas asociadas al procedimiento, todos correspondientes al grupo A. La estancia hospitalaria fue similar en ambos grupos (grupo A: 2,3 ± 2 días; grupo B: 2,6 ± 2 días). No se presentaron nuevas hospitalizaciones. Las indicaciones para el uso de sutura mecánica según el cirujano que practicó el procedimiento, fueron el edema o la perforación en la base apendicular y el ciego. Conclusiones. Las indicaciones para la sutura mecánica en la ligadura de la base apendicular en nuestros pacientes, fueron el edema y la perforación de la base apendicular y el ciego. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la tasa de complicaciones en quienes se utilizó Hem-o-lok® y endosutura es mayor que en aquellos con sutura mecánica, pero sin una diferencia estadísticamente significativa. La estancia hospitalaria y la tasa de reingreso entre ambos grupos, fueron similares. El uso de la sutura mecánica se considera una variación en el procedimiento, seguro, sencillo y equivalente al de Hem-o-lok® y endosutura.Palabras clave: apendicitis; apendicectomía laparoscópica; técnicas de sutura.
Background. Laparoscopic appendectomy is one of the most frequently performed procedures by the general surgeon. Although it is standardized, minor variations in technique and tools like the use of endo GIA stapler may become necessary. Aims. The aim of our study was: a) To compare the complication rates among patients in whom hemolock and endoloops or endo GIA stapler were used during this procedure, b) To compare the length of hospital stay and readmission rate between the two groups c) To determine the reasons why the surgeons decided to use the stapler for the appendiceal stump closure during a laparoscopic appendectomy. Materials and Methods. Retrospective review of a database. We compared the rate of intra and postoperative complications in 222 patients with appendiceal stump closure with hemolock and endoloops (Group A) vs 35 patients with endo GIA stapler (Group B), as well as length of hospital stay of patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy by the General Surgery Department at the Fundación Shaio Clinic (Bogotá, Colombia). In addition, we determined the reasons the surgeons had to decide on the use of the stapler during a laparoscopic appendectomy. Results. Among 257 patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy, the appendiceal stump closure was perfomed with hemolock or endoloops in 222 (Group A), and with endo GIA stapler (Group B) in 35. Five patients had infectious complications associated with the procedure. The hospital-stays were similar in both groups (group A: 2.3±2 days, group B: 2.6±2 days). There were no readmissions. The reasons why the surgeons decided to use the stapler, were edema and perforation. Conclusions. The results of our study show that the postoperative complication rate was higher in patients with hemolock and endoloop, but without statistical significance. The hospital stay and readmission rate were similar and the reasons why the surgeons decided to use the stapler were edema and perforation. We consider the use of endo GIA stapler in the appendiceal stump closure a safe and simple procedure and of equal results as those of Hem-o-lok® and endosuture.