RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The assessment of the role of school nurses in the oral health education and counselling of children and adolescents aged 7-19 years. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate nurses' practice in oral health education, previous training in caries prevention, collaboration with a dentist and self-assessment of knowledge. Data were analysed with the Chi square test. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 140 Polish school nurses. Respondents declared the following activities: dietary counselling (99.2%), oral hygiene education (92.8%), NHS-funded supervised fluoride prophylaxis (82.8%), and caries screenings (4.3%). 47.1% participated in training on caries prevention, 25.7% had a collaboration with a dentist. Nurses from schools located in towns less frequently provided oral hygiene education (p < 0.005) and dietary counselling, but more often had a collaboration with a dentist (p < 0.05). The youngest nurses were more confident about their knowledge (p < 0.05). There was an association between participation in training on caries prevention and positive opinion on a school-based fluoride prophylaxis (p < 0.01). Nurses who did not include dental topics in their practice worked mainly with pupils older than 15 years, had shorter experience (p < 0.05), secondary education, worked in urban areas and had no training on dental problems (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Polish school nurses have potentially crucial roles in improving the oral health status in pupils through oral hygiene education, dietary counselling and fluoride prophylaxis included in their duties.
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Caries Dental , Salud Bucal , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Promoción de la Salud , Humanos , Higiene Bucal , Polonia , Instituciones Académicas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This paper describes a rare case of erupted double supernumerary teeth with unusual morphology in a 14-year-old patient with an eating disorder. The coexistence of dental morphological anomalies: multilobed mesiodens, multiple dens in dente of different types and root dilaceration have not been previously reported. The paper highlights anatomical and radiological aspects of dental abnormalities and clinical implications of delayed treatment.
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Anorexia Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Dens in Dente/diagnóstico por imagen , Diente Supernumerario/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
In Poland, the prevalence of HBV infection constitutes an emerging public health concern. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in hepatitis B incidence rate by age, gender and place of residence in Poland between 1999 and 2012. The data were obtained from Polish state statistics institutions such as the National Institute of Public Health and State Sanitary Inspection. Relationships of hepatitis B incidence with age, gender and rural/urban areas were investigated using χ(2) and tests for two proportions with Bonferroni adjustment. The incidence of hepatitis B in rural and urban populations was compared using Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse trends in hepatitis B incidence rate. In Poland, a total of 26 660 cases of hepatitis B were reported in the studied period and 31.6% of these cases occurred in rural areas. There was significantly declining tendency in the hepatitis B incidence rate in the initial period of the study. However, there were periods of significant increase of HBV incidence rate in women from rural areas aged 15-24 years (9.4%/year) and in women from urban areas aged 15-24 years (10.9%/year) and 25-64 years (3.8%/year) in the final years of the observation. Despite the success in controlling this infection, a significant increase in the incidence of hepatitis B among young women living in rural and urban areas, as well as in adult women in urban areas, has been noted.
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Hepatitis B Crónica/epidemiología , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Virus de la Hepatitis B/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polonia/epidemiología , Distribución por Sexo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in 6- to 8-year-old children using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and to assess how it correlates with DMF in the surveyed population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1931 occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in 6-8-year-old children from Bialystok District, Poland, were assessed using the DMF and the CAST indices. The prevalence and experience of different caries stages were evaluated. Data were statistically analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Dwass-Steele-Critchow-Fligner post-hoc test and the cross-tabulation. The intra-examiner reliability was evaluated. Results Caries prevalence on occlusal surfaces of the first permanent molars measured by DMF was 13.3% and by CAST -37.6%. The mean DMF was 0.33 and the mean D -0.07. For CAST, the mean values of early (codes 3-4) and advanced caries stages (codes 5-6) were 0.55 and 0.05, respectively. The DMF index statistically significantly increased with age. In the whole population the mean number of filled teeth was higher than the decayed ones. With reference to the CAST index, children showed increase in enamel lesions with age. The intra-examiner reliability was 0.94 for DMF and 0.88 for CAST. Conclusion The surveyed subjects showed a low prevalence of dental caries measured with DMF and a moderate prevalence when the CAST was used. The CAST index is a promising tool for epidemiological studies on caries. It provides more information on the disease prevalence, experience and severity compared to the DMF index.
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Índice CPO , Caries Dental , Diente Molar , Propiedades de Superficie , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and experience of clinical consequences of untreated dental caries in primary dentition in 5 and 7 year-old children from north-east Poland and to find whether there is a correlation between dmft and pufa indices. MATERIAL/METHODS: Two hundred fifteen children aged 5 and 7 years living in the Podlaskie region were examined in the course of the Polish National Oral Health Survey 2011. Caries prevalence and experience in primary dentition was evaluated according to WHO criteria (dmft index). The clinical consequences of untreated dental caries were assessed by pufa index. RESULTS: The dmft index was 5.56 ± 4.45 in 5-years-old children and 6.69 ± 3.14 in 7-years-olds. The prevalence/experience of pufa index was 43.4%/2.20 ± 3.43 and 72.4%/2.44 ± 2.22, respectively. Children living in rural areas presented a worse dental condition. A statistical analysis revealed a strong relation between dmft and pufa in both age groups. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed negligence in the dental treatment of children from north-east Poland resulting in the high prevalence and experience of the pufa index in primary dentition. This index is a valuable measurement tool to record the clinical consequences of untreated dental caries.