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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La hidradenitis supurativa es una enfermedad inflamatoria, crónica y recurrente con gran repercusión en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, específicamente en los aspectos psicológicos y sexuales, así como también en la productividad laboral. OBJETIVO: Generar un documento de consenso sobre el manejo clínico de los pacientes con hidradenitis supurativa en México que sirva para homologar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estos pacientes. MÉTODO: Se convocó a un grupo multidisciplinario (dermatólogos, ginecólogos, cirujanos, infectólogos, proctólogos) para analizar la evidencia en el tratamiento integral de la hidradenitis supurativa (calidad de vida, clinimetría, diagnóstico y tratamiento), localizada mediante una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía. El grupo discutió sobre los temas y se generaron las recomendaciones por acuerdo unánime de los participantes. RESULTADOS: Con frecuencia los pacientes con hidradenitis supurativa pueden tardar mucho tiempo en obtener el diagnóstico y manejo correctos, principalmente debido a la falta de evidencia sobre la enfermedad, así como a la falta de criterios para referir al paciente con un especialista. Se emitieron 22 recomendaciones para el tratamiento de pacientes con hidradenitis supurativa, que comprenden el diagnóstico, estadificación y clinimetría, así como el manejo clínico en el primer, segundo y tercer nivel de atención. CONCLUSIONES: Se emitieron las recomendaciones con base en la mejor evidencia disponible, así como la experiencia del grupo multidisciplinario de expertos en el tratamiento de hidradenitis supurativa.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa is an inflammatory, chronic and recurrent disease with a high impact on patients quality of life, specifically in psychological and sexual aspects, as well as in labor productivity. OBJECTIVE: To generate a consensus document on the clinical management of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in Mexico, that serves to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. METHOD: A multidisciplinary group was convened (dermatologists, gynecologists, surgeons, infectologists, proctologists) to analyze the evidence on the integral treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (quality of life, clinimetry, diagnosis and treatment), located through a systematic review of the literature. The group discussed the issues and the recommendations were generated by unanimous agreement of the participants. RESULTS: Frequently, patients with hidradenitis suppurativa can take a long time to obtain the correct diagnosis and management, mainly due to the lack of evidence about the disease, as well as the lack of criteria to refer the patient to a specialist. Twenty-two recommendations were issued for the treatment of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa, which include diagnosis, staging and clinimetry, as well as clinical management in the first, second and third levels of care. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations were issued based on the best available evidence, as well as the experience of the multidisciplinary group of experts in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa.

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BACKGROUND: Human bone marrow transplantation (BMT) becomes an accepted treatment of leukemia, aplastic anemia, immunodeficiency syndromes, and hematologic malignancies. Colorectal surgeons must know how to determine and manage the main colonic complications. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features, clinical and pathological staging of graft vs host disease (GVHD), and treatment of patients suffering with colonic complications of human bone marrow transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have reviewed the records of all patients that received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and were evaluated at our Colon and Rectal Surgery department due to gastrointestinal symptoms, between January 2007 and January 2012. The study was carried out in patients who developed colonic complications, all of them with clinical, histopathological or laboratory diagnosis. RESULTS: The study group was constituted by 77 patients, 43 male and 34 female patients. We identified colonic complications in 30 patients (38.9%); five patients developed intestinal toxicity due to pretransplant chemotherapy (6.4%); graft vs. host disease was present in 16 patients (20%); 13 patients (16.8%) developed acute colonic GVHD, and 3 (3.8%) chronic GVHD. Infection was identified in 9 patients (11.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The three principal colonic complications are the chemotherapy toxicity, GVHD, and superinfection; the onset of symptoms could help to suspect the type of complication (0-20 day chemotherapy toxicity, 20 and more GVHD), and infection could appear in any time of transplantation. (AU)

EXPERIÊNCIA: O transplante de medula óssea humana (MOH) passou a ser um tratamento adotado para leucemia, anemia aplástica, síndromes de imunodeficiência e neoplasias hematológicas. Cirurgiões colorretais devem saber como determinar e tratar as principais complicações do cólon. OBJETIVO: Revisar as características clínicas, estadiamentos clínico e patológico da doença do enxerto versus hospedeiro (DEVH) e o tratamento de pacientes padecendo com as complicações colônicas do transplante de medula óssea humana. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Revisamos os registros de todos os pacientes que receberam um transplante de medula óssea alogênica e foram avaliados em nosso Departamento de Cirurgia do Cólon e Reto em função de sintomas gastrointestinais, entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2012. O estudo teve por base os pacientes que desenvolveram complicações do cólon, todos com diagnóstico clínico, histopatológico ou laboratorial. RESULTADOS: O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 77 pacientes, sendo 43 homens e 34 mulheres. Identificamos complicações do cólon em 30 pacientes (38,9%); cinco pacientes exibiam toxicidade intestinal por quimioterapia antes do transplante (6,4%); DEVH estava presente em 16 pacientes (20%), 13 pacientes (16,8%) foram acometidos por DEVH colônica aguda três pacientes (3,8%) DEVH crônica. Infecção foi detectada em 9 pacientes (11,6%). CONCLUSÕES: As três principais complicações do cólon são: toxicidade por quimioterapia, DEVH e superinfecção. O surgimento dos sintomas poderia ajudar a levantar suspeitas sobre o tipo de complicação (0-20 dias, toxicidade por quimioterapia; 20 ou mais dias, DEVH). Infecções podem ocorrer em qualquer momento do transplante. (AU)

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BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease was described for the first time in 1932. The association of acute appendicitis with this disease is very rare and when the cecum is involved, risk of fistula is very high. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 48-year-old female who had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease several months earlier. The patient complained of intense abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant and was treated medically without improvement. Thus, laparascopic surgery was decided upon. DISCUSSION: The appendix was affected in 12-16% of all patients with Crohn's disease who had intestinal resection. CONCLUSIONS: If the cecum is not affected, appendectomy using laparascopic procedure with soft tissue drainage is adequate.

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BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease was described for the first time in 1932. The association of acute appendicitis with this disease is very rare and when the cecum is involved, risk of fistula is very high. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 48-year-old female who had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease several months earlier. The patient complained of intense abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant and was treated medically without improvement. Thus, laparascopic surgery was decided upon. DISCUSSION: The appendix was affected in 12-16% of all patients with Crohn's disease who had intestinal resection. CONCLUSIONS: If the cecum is not affected, appendectomy using laparascopic procedure with soft tissue drainage is adequate.

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BACKGROUND: Approximately 10% of all colorectal adenomas are constituted by villous adenomas. Their relationship with hydroelectrolytic depletion is rare. We report two cases with villous adenoma that presented hydroelectrolytic depletion with clinical and surgical management, exclusively. CLINICAL CASES: Case 1. Patient was a 76-year-old female with hypertension and 3 months evolution of symptoms such as asthenia, adynamia, unexplained weight loss, and abundant mucus with diarrhea. Serum potassium value was 2.2 mEq/l . Upon rectal exam we found a sessile, exophitic soft tumor with irregular surface of approximately 10 cm in diameter. We also performed a transanal resection of tumor reporting villous adenoma. The patient was discharged from the hospital at the 4th postoperative day with potassium values within normal limits. Case report 2. Patient was a 76-year-old female with diabetes and hypertension of long evolution. She reported a 4-month clinical evolution with non-bloody diarrhea and abundant mucus. She reported nausea, vomiting and no unexplained weight loss. Serum potassium value was 2.1 mEq/l . During the rectal exam we identified a sessile, polypoid, 5-cm diameter tumor that did not involve deep planes. In addition, we carried out a transanal resection of the polyp. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 5th postoperative day. Potassium value was 4.3 mEq/l. CONCLUSIONS: Size and location of the villous adenoma are related to the production of mucus secretory diarrhea. The inhibiting well-known indomethacin of the prostaglandins has been used to decrease the mucus secretion. In every patient with presence of mucus, persistent diarrhea and occasional rectal bleeding of 1 month, it is necessary to carry out lower endoscopy to rule out the presence of villous adenoma.

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BACKGROUND: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) are the most widely prescribed medication in the world, with a high complication rate including gastrointestinal damage. OBJECTIVE: To present two clinical cases of intestinal damage associated to the chronic ingestion of NSAIDs. METHOD: A clinical case with inflammatory bowel disease and jejunum enteropathy and another case associated with clinical symptoms of digestive hemorrhage and endoscopic demostration of ulcers in the right colon. CONCLUSION: Patients with previous ingestion of NSAIDs presenting diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, malnutrition or anemia need to discard intestinal damage.

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OBJECTIVE: To report for the first time in Mexico a case of anorectal tuberculosis as well as the revision of world-wide literature. BACKGROUND: In recent years the tuberculosis has had a significant increase, caused mainly by the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The anorectal tuberculosis is a very rare presentation, their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion since it can be confused with an infectious disease. CASE REPORT: Female of 50 years old, with atipic annal ulcers, treated at the being like perianal Crohn disease, the treatment with mesalazina and prednisona do not improve the disease. Thorax x-ray was made. The biopsies reported tuberculosis, initiating treatment with triple antifimic scheme, with good results at one month of medical treatment. COMENT: The biopsy is the main diagnostic method specific, the medical triple or quadruple treatment is the main management and surgical treatment is reserved for anal abscess and fistula.

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BACKGROUND: The presence of rectal diverticula is extremely rare; nevertheless, diverticular disease is considered a greater problem. We report a case of rectal diverticula in a patient with diverticular disease of the sigmoid. CLINICAL CASE: An 88-year-old male presented to the emergency room with hematochezia of several days evolution. During colonoscopy two diverticula were seen at 5 cm from the anal verge. DISCUSSION: Two theories exist to explain why rectal diverticula are rare, but other authors indicate its relationship to genetic alterations. Rectal diverticula are generally asymptomatic and surgical treatment only becomes necessary when these lesions progress to ulceration and abscess formation.

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OBJECTIVE: Report for first time in Mexico a case of hereditary mixed polyposis and review the literature. BACKGROUND: The hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) is an uncommon condition, distinguished by presence of a different histological pattern of polyps in digestive tract, clinically manifested by diarrhea, anemia and weight loss. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 38 years old, with familiar antecedent (dead sister) with polyps and gastric cancer. With history of a 1 year with bleeding and mucous diarrhea, and weight loss of a 28.6 pounds. Pale at physical examination, without abdominal signs. At blood test with hemoglobin of 9.7 g/dL, and colonoscopy with multiple polyps within colon and rectum, upper endoscopy with a big esophageal polyp and multiple polyps in gastric and duodenal lining smaller than 1 cm. Contrast study of intestine was normal. Histopathologic study of the polyps report mixed pattern of polyps: (hyperplasic-adenomatous, juvenile-adenomatous, adenoma-inflammatory-hyperplasic, hyperplasic-adenomatous with a high degree dysplasia); juvenile in esophagus, and hyperplasic in stomach and duodenum. Patient was undergone to totalproctocolectomy and reconstruction by "J" ileoanal pouch with good outcome, and endoscopic esophageal polypectomy, with actual surveillance.

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Antecedentes: desde hace tres décadas, la colonoscopia constituye el estudio diagnóstico con mayo sensibilidad y especificidad de la patología colónica. objetivos: ratificar las indicaciones, conocer los diagnósticos colonoscópicos estableciendo el Análisis de los mismos y corroborar la seguridad del procedimiento colonoscópico. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, retrospectivo y observacional de 2,000 colonoscopias efectuadas entre 1987 y 1997 y se registraron los hallazgos endoscópicos y sus características. Resultados: de las 2,000 colonoscopias, 947 se realizaron en el sexo masculino (47.3 por ciento) y 1053 en el femenino (52.6 por ciento) con edad promedio de 55.8 años(margen de 10 a 93 años) Se consideró completa la colonoscopia cuando se alcanzo el ciego, lo que ocurrió en 1740 casos (87 por ciento). Las indicaciones más frecuentes para efectuar el procedimiento fueron: hemorragia del tubo digestivo bajo en 525 pacientes (26.2 por ciento), sospecha de cáncer en 402 (20.1 por ciento), de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en 292 (14.6 por ciento) y de pólipos rectocolónicos en 199 (10 por ciento). Se detectó patología en 1,150 pacientes (57.5 por ciento) y los diagnósticos endoscópicos más frecuentes fueron: pólipos rectocolónicos en 405 pacientes (35.7 por ciento), enfermedad diverticular en 404 (35.1 por ciento), enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en 185 (16 por ciento), cáncer colorrectal en 85 (7.4 por ciento) y ectasias vasculares en 52 (4.5 por ciento) Hubo cuatro complicaciones (0.2 por ciento), 3 por colonoscopias terapéuticas, una con fines diagnósticos. Conclusiones. las indicaciones más frecuentes para llevar a cabo la colonoscopia fueron la hemorragia del tubo digestivo bajo y la sospecha de cáncer. Los diagnósticos más comunes que se establecieron fueron los pólipos colorrectales y la enfermedad diverticular. Se confirma que la colonoscopia es un procedimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico seguro.

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Antecedentes. Los sarcomas de colon son poco comunes, de ellos, el más frecuente es el leiomiosarcoma. A la fecha se han informado 45 casos de tumor estromal maligno en la literatura mundial. La histogénesis de estas neoplasias mesenquimatosas se determinan con análisis ultraestructural y tinciones de inmunohistoquímica, sin embargo, cuando estas técnicas especiales son negativas y existe duda en cuanto a la línea de diferenciación celular (músculo liso, neural o indiferenciado), es preferible llamarlos tumores estromales del tracto gastrointestinal (TEGI). Objetivo. Presentar un caso de tumor estromal maligno del colon transverso. Método. Se revisó el caso de un paciente de 46 años de edad con diagnóstico de tumor estromal maligno de colon transverso y el tratamiento efectuado. Resultados. Se informa el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de tumor estromal maligno en el colon transverso, cuyas principales manifestaciones clínicas fueron dolor abdominal, hemorragia transanal, y finalmente oclusión intestinal. Se sometió a laparotomía exploradora, encontrando intusucepción del colon transverso, por lo que se hizo hemicolectomía derecha ampliada. La evolución postquirúrgica fue satisfactoria y la vigilancia a tres años no ha demostrado datos de activación tumoral. Conclusiones. Los tumores estromales de colon son raros y su tratamiento es la resección quirúrgica con fines curativos o paliativos

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Objetivo: Presentar una patología no informada previamente en la literatura nacional. Antecedentes: La colitis quística profunda (CQP) es una entidad benigna, rara y con una etiología desconocida. Hasta la fecha se han documentado 148 casos en la literatura mundial. Se define histológicamente como la obliteración de la lámina propia por fibroblastos y presencia de quistes submucosos. Se presenta en formas localizada, segmentaria o difusa y asociada a otras entidades como la úlcera rectal solitaria, el prolapso rectal, alteraciones del piso pélvico, etc. El tratamiento puede ser médico o quirúrgico según la severidad de sus manifestaciones. Método: Se revisa un caso de CQP y el tratamiento efectuado. Resultado: Se presenta el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de CQP del tipo localizado, cuyo síntoma principal fue la secreción mucosa transanal con exploración física en la que se encontró una formación polipidea sésil, submucosa a 8 cm del margen anal, que due tratada con resección quirúrgica y tuvo una evolución satisfactoria. Conclusiones: La CQP debe sospecharse en pacientes con alteraciones del piso pélvico o de la contración del haz puborrectal e intususcepción sigmoido-rectal. El tratamiento puede ser médico con alto porcentaje de falla siendo el quirúrgico el óptimo

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Antecedentes: La mayoría de los cánceres colorrectales se desarrollan en pólipos adenomatosos; su detección y extirpación previene el cáncer colorrectal. Varias características de los adenomas, como: número, tamaño, morfología, variedad histológica y grado de displasia, se han considerado como factores de riesgo para su malignización. Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de los adenomas colorrectales los principales factores de riesgo para su malignización. Métodos: Se analizaron retrospectivamente los hallazgos endoscópicos de 846 colonoscopias realizadas en nuestro servicio entre 1989 y 1994, regisrándose los pacientes con pólipos colorrectales, así como las características de los adenomas, para determinar los factores de riesgo para su malignización. Resultados: Se encontraron 183 821.6 por ciento) pacientes con 322 pólipos colorrectales; sólo se estudiaron 214 extirpados por polipectomía transcolonoscópica; 120 (57 por ciento) fueron pólipos neoplásicos, y 94 (43 por ciento) no neoplasicos; entre los neoplásicos, 100 (83.4 por ciento) fueron adenomas tubulares, 11 (9.1 por ciento) adenomas tubulovellosos y 9 (7.5 por ciento) adenomas vellosos. Se encontraron. 16 (7.4 por ciento) adenomas con carcinoma, 14 (87.5 por ciento) de ellos en pacientes mayores de 50 años y en pólipos mayores de 1 cm (p 0.040); 11 (68.7 por ciento) fueron sésiles, con una p 0.001. Conclusiones: Los adenomas tubulares son los pólipos neoplásicos más frecuentes. La edad del paciente, el tamaño y morfología del pólipo, son los factores de riesgo significativamente estadístico para la malignización de los adenomas.

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