RESUMEN
Three new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts are described: Candida anglica (type strain NRRL Y-27079, CBS 4262), Candida cidri (type strain NRRL Y-27078, CBS 4241), and Candida pomicola (type strain NRRL Y-27083, CBS 4242). These three species were isolated from cider produced in the United Kingdom, and their identification was determined from unique nucleotide sequences in the species-specific D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 sequences placed C. anglica near Candida fragi, C. cidri near Pichia capsulata, and C. pomicola in the Pichia holstii clade.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas/microbiología , Candida/clasificación , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Malus/microbiología , Candida/genética , Candida/fisiología , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Filogenia , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Descriptions are given for the two new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts Candida germanica (type strain NRRL Y-27064, CBS 4105) and Candida neerlandica (type strain NRRL Y-27057, CBS 434). The species were isolated, respectively, from the atmosphere over Germany and from pressed yeast cake in The Netherlands. Phylogenetic analysis of 26S domain D1/D2 ribosomal DNA sequences places C. germanica near Pichia philogaea, whereas C. neerlandica is a member of the Lodderomyces elongisporus/Candida albicans clade.
Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Candida/genética , Microbiología del Aire , Candida/fisiología , ADN de Hongos/análisis , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A new ascosporogenous yeast, Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis sp. n. (type strain NRRL YB-4811, CBS 8849), is described; it was isolated from Kombucha tea, a popular fermented tea-based beverage. The four known strains of the new species have identical nucleotide sequences in domain D1/D2 of 26S rDNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 and 18S rDNA sequences places Z. kombuchaensis near Zygosaccharomyces lentus. The two species are indistinguishable on standard physiological tests used for yeast identification, but can be recognized from differences in restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns obtained by digestion of 18S-ITS1 amplicons with the restriction enzymes DdeI and MboI.
Asunto(s)
Té/microbiología , Zygosaccharomyces/clasificación , Zygosaccharomyces/genética , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Desoxirribonucleasas de Localización Especificada Tipo II/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Especificidad de la Especie , Zygosaccharomyces/crecimiento & desarrollo , Zygosaccharomyces/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Approximately 500 species of ascomycetous yeasts, including members of Candida and other anamorphic genera, were analyzed for extent of divergence in the variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Divergence in this domain is generally sufficient to resolve individual species, resulting in the prediction that 55 currently recognized taxa are synonyms of earlier described species. Phylogenetic relationships among the ascomycetous yeasts were analyzed from D1/D2 sequence divergence. For comparison, the phylogeny of selected members of the Saccharomyces clade was determined from 18S rDNA sequences. Species relationships were highly concordant between the D1/D2 and 18S trees when branches were statistically well supported.
Asunto(s)
Ascomicetos/clasificación , ADN Ribosómico/química , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Ascomicetos/genética , Secuencia de Bases , ADN de Hongos/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Three new species of Candida are described that were determined to be genetically isolated from all other currently accepted ascomycetous yeasts based on their sequence divergence in the species-variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. One of the species was isolated from an ambrosia beetle, whereas the other two were from the frass of wood-boring beetle larvae. The new species and their type strains are the following: Candida ontarioensis NRRL YB-1246 (CBS 8502), Candida tammaniensis NRRL Y-8257 (CBS 8504), and Candida trypodendroni NRRL Y-6488 (CBS 8505).
Asunto(s)
Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Escarabajos/microbiología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Candida/clasificación , Candida/citología , Candida/fisiología , ADN de Hongos/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Clinically important species of Candida and related organisms were compared for extent of nucleotide divergence in the 5' end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. This rDNA region is sufficiently variable to allow reliable separation of all known clinically significant yeast species. Of the 204 described species examined, 21 appeared to be synonyms of previously described organisms. Phylogenetic relationships among the species are presented.
Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , ADN de Hongos/análisis , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Candida/genética , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/análisis , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Genes Fúngicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico/genéticaRESUMEN
Extent of divergence in partial nucleotide sequences from large and small subunit ribosomal RNAs was used to estimate the evolutionary relationship between the genera Wingea and Debaryomyces. These data showed the monotypic genus Wingea to be congeneric with Debaryomyces, and it is proposed to transfer W. robertsii to Debaryomyces.
Asunto(s)
ARN de Hongos/genética , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Secuencia de Bases , Evolución Biológica , ADN de Hongos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/genéticaRESUMEN
Species of the genera Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Debaryomyces and Schwanniomyces were compared from their extent of divergence in three regions from small (18S) and large (25S) subunit ribosomal RNAs comprising a total of 900 nucleotides. With the exception of the closely related Saccharomyces bayanus and S. pastorianus, which appear to have identical sequences, all other species could be distinguished by nucleotide differences in a variable region of the large subunit, and genus-specific nucleotides were discernible in all three regions. The taxon D. tamarii differed markedly from other species and is excluded from Debaryomyces. By contrast, Schwanniomyces occidentalis showed few nucleotide differences with Debaryomyces spp. and its transfer to Debaryomyces is proposed. Schizosaccharomyces proved to be somewhat more divergent than Saccharomyces and Debaryomyces, but species differences appear insufficient for dividing the genus. Some of the factors influencing estimates of phylogenetic distances from rRNA sequences are discussed.