RESUMEN
Seven strains representing a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Kazachstania were found at several collection sites on both mainland Ecuador (Yasuní National Park) and the Galápagos (Santa Cruz Island). Two strains (CLQCA 20-132(T) and CLQCA 24SC-045) were isolated from rotten wood samples, two further strains (CLQCA 20-280 and CLQCA 20-348) were isolated from soil samples, and three strains (CLQCA 20-198, CLQCA 20-374 and CLQCA 20-431) were isolated from decaying fruits. Sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region indicated that the novel species is most closely related to Kazachstania servazzii and Kazachstania unispora. Although the strains could not be distinguished from one another based upon their differing geographical origins, they could be differentiated according to their isolation source (fruit, soil or wood) by ITS sequencing. The species name Kazachstania yasuniensis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with CLQCA 20-132(T) (â=âCBS 13946(T)â=âNCYC 4008(T)) designated the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Frutas/microbiología , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Microbiología del Suelo , Madera/microbiología , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Ecuador , Islas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Five strains representing a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Wickerhamomyces were independently isolated from Ecuador, Taiwan and the USA. One strain (CLQCA 10-161(T)) was isolated from the white flower of an unidentified plant species collected in the Maquipucuna cloud forest reserve, near Quito, in Ecuador. A second strain (GY7L12) was isolated from the leaf of a Chinese sumac or nutgall tree (Rhus chinensis 'roxburghiana') collected in the Taoyuan mountain area, Kachsiung, in Taiwan. Three additional strains (A543, A546 and A563) were isolated from two species of wood-boring beetle (Xyleborus glabratus and Xyleborinus saxeseni) collected near Clyo, Georgia, USA. Analysis of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rRNA gene indicated that the novel species belongs to the genus Wickerhamomyces, and is most closely related to Wickerhamomyces sydowiorum, an insect-associated species predominantly found in South Africa. The North American and Taiwanese strains have identical internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and can be distinguished from the Ecuadorian strain based on a single nucleotide substitution in the ITS1 region. The species name of Wickerhamomyces arborarius f.a., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with CLQCA 10-161(T) (â=âCBS 12941(T)â=âNCYC 3743(T)) designated the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Árboles/microbiología , Animales , Escarabajos/microbiología , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Ecosistema , Ecuador , Flores/microbiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Hojas de la Planta/microbiología , Saccharomycetales/genética , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Taiwán , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Salud Global/tendencias , Política de Salud/tendencias , Hemorragia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Tranexámico/uso terapéutico , Heridas y Lesiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Hemorragia/mortalidad , Humanos , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Tasa de Supervivencia , Heridas y Lesiones/mortalidadRESUMEN
In the course of an on-going study aimed at cataloguing the natural yeast biodiversity found in Ecuador, two strains (CLQCA 13-025 and CLQCA 20-004(T)) were isolated from samples of cow manure and rotten wood collected in two separate provinces of the country (Orellana and Bolívar). These strains were found to represent a novel yeast species based on the sequences of their D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and their physiological characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU D1/D2 sequences revealed this novel species to belong to the Metschnikowia clade and to be most closely related to Candida suratensis, a species recently discovered in a mangrove forest in Thailand. The species name of Candida ecuadorensis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with strain CLQCA 20-004(T) (=CBS 12653(T) = NCYC 3782(T)) designated as the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Candida/clasificación , Estiércol/microbiología , Filogenia , Madera/microbiología , Animales , Biodiversidad , Candida/genética , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Bovinos , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Ecuador , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Four strains representing a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Candida were independently isolated in Taiwan and Ecuador. Two strains (G17(T) and G31) were isolated in Taiwan, by pellet precipitation from plastic-bottled tea drinks produced in Indonesia, while two additional strains (CLQCA 10-049 and CLQCA 10-062) were recovered from ancient chicha fermentation vessels found in tombs in Quito, Ecuador. These four strains were morphologically, and phylogenetically identical to each other. No sexual reproduction was observed on common sporulation media. Large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed the four strains to belong to the Lodderomyces clade, closely related to members of the Candida parapsilosis species complex. The four strains, which have identical LSU D1/D2 sequences, differ from their closest phylogenetic neighbors, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida parapsilosis, by 6-9 nt substitutions, respectively. Physiologically, the four strains are similar to Candida parapsilosis, although they can be distinguished from their closest relative by the assimilation of arbutin, nitrite, and creatine. The Indonesian and Ecuadorian strain sets can also be distinguished from one another based on ITS sequencing, differing by 4 substitutions in ITS1 and 1 single nucleotide indel in ITS2. Collectively, the results indicate that the four strains represent a previously unrecognized species of Candida. The name Candida theae sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with G-17(T) (BCRC 23242(T)=CBS 12239(T)=ATCC MYA-4746(T)) designated as the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas/microbiología , Candida/clasificación , Candida/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cerveza/microbiología , Candida/genética , Precipitación Química , ADN de Hongos/genética , Ecuador , Fermentación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Genes de ARNr , Indonesia , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Técnicas de Tipificación Micológica , ARN Ribosómico/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Taiwán , Té/microbiologíaRESUMEN
A single strain, CLQCA-10-114(T), representing a novel yeast species belonging to the genus Saturnispora was isolated from the fruit of an unidentified species of bramble (Rubus sp.), collected from the Maquipucuna cloud forest reserve, near Quito, in Ecuador. Sequence analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region indicated that the novel species is most closely related to the recently described species Saturnispora gosingensis, isolated from the fruiting body of a mushroom collected in Taiwan, and Saturnispora hagleri, a Drosophila-associated yeast found in Brazil. The name Saturnispora quitensis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this strain; the type strain is CLQCA-10-114(T) (=CBS 12184(T)=NCYC 3744(T)).
Asunto(s)
Rosaceae/microbiología , Saccharomycetales/clasificación , Saccharomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Ecuador , Frutas/microbiología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Saccharomycetales/genéticaAsunto(s)
Automóviles , Política Ambiental , Efecto Invernadero , Cooperación Internacional , Congresos como Asunto , Humanos , México , Obesidad/etiologíaRESUMEN
La hemorragia postparto (HPP) es la causa principal de mortalidad materna, con alrededor de 100.000 mujeres fallecidas cada año (1). Casi todas (99 %) las muertes son en países de media y baja renta per cápita y la mayoría de las muertes ocurren en el período posparto inmediato (2). Hay tratamientos eficaces para la prevención del sangrado severo después del parto y es esencial garantizar que todas las mujeres embarazadas tengan acceso a los mismos (3). Sin embargo, incluso con estos tratamientos, muchas mujeres desarrollan sangrado severo posparto, siendo necesario y urgente un tratamiento seguro, eficaz, barato y fácil de administrar en una gama de diferentes entornos de cuidados médicos. Este editorial invita a obstetras, matronas y enfermeras de todo el mundo, a participar en un esfuerzo colaborativo internacional para identificar este tipo de tratamiento...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Hemorragia Posparto , Ácido Tranexámico , Conducta Materna , Periodo PospartoRESUMEN
Agricultural food production and agriculturally-related change in land use substantially contribute to greenhouse-gas emissions worldwide. Four-fifths of agricultural emissions arise from the livestock sector. Although livestock products are a source of some essential nutrients, they provide large amounts of saturated fat, which is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We considered potential strategies for the agricultural sector to meet the target recommended by the UK Committee on Climate Change to reduce UK emissions from the concentrations recorded in 1990 by 80% by 2050, which would require a 50% reduction by 2030. With use of the UK as a case study, we identified that a combination of agricultural technological improvements and a 30% reduction in livestock production would be needed to meet this target; in the absence of good emissions data from Brazil, we assumed for illustrative purposes that the required reductions would be the same for our second case study in São Paulo city. We then used these data to model the potential benefits of reduced consumption of livestock products on the burden of ischaemic heart disease: disease burden would decrease by about 15% in the UK (equivalent to 2850 disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs] per million population in 1 year) and 16% in São Paulo city (equivalent to 2180 DALYs per million population in 1 year). Although likely to yield benefits to health, such a strategy will probably encounter cultural, political, and commercial resistance, and face technical challenges. Coordinated intersectoral action is needed across agricultural, nutritional, public health, and climate change communities worldwide to provide affordable, healthy, low-emission diets for all societies.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Contaminación del Aire/prevención & control , Animales Domésticos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Efecto Invernadero/prevención & control , Salud Pública , Animales , Brasil , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Gases/análisis , Humanos , Política Pública , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
In the course of a yeast biodiversity survey of different ecological habitats found in Ecuador, two yeast strains (CLQCA 20-011(T) and CLQCA20-014) were isolated from samples of rotten wood and fallen leaf debris collected at separate sites in the central region of the Ecuadorian Amazonia. These strains were found to represent a novel yeast species based on the sequences of their D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and their physiological characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU D1/D2 sequences revealed this novel species to be most closely related to Candida asparagi, Candida fructus, Candida musae and two as yet undescribed Candida species, with the six yeast taxa collectively forming a distinct species group within the Clavispora clade. The species name of Candida carvajalis sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains, with CLQCA 20-011(T) (NCYC 3509(T), CBS 11361(T)) designated as the type strain.