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Around two-thirds of women who are of reproductive age use some type of contraception. Two of the most effective long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are the intrauterine device (IUD) and the subdermal contraceptive implant (SCI). Despite their effectiveness, women often report abnormal uterine bleeding as the reason for discontinuation. In this review, we analyze key aspects regarding the mechanisms of action of IUDs (both copper-containing and levonorgestrel-releasing) and SCIs, as well as how they change the intrauterine environment in order to provide effective contraception at a physiological level. Additionally, we introduce the pathophysiology of different types of abnormal intrauterine bleeding provoked by the mentioned LARCs. These three contraceptive methods work in diverse ways, thus, the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding is different and multifactorial according to each LARC. This review intends to provide information in order to better our understanding of bleeding induced by these contraceptive methods, as well as introduce current and potential new therapies. Furthermore, this review intends to provide updated and concise information that could be available firsthand not only to health care providers but scientists who are innovating and revolutionizing this field. In 2013, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists published a management of abnormal uterine bleeding, however, there is limited updated data regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of abnormal uterine bleeding and its treatment based on different LARCs (hormonal and non-hormonal).

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In March 2015, a patient in Colombia with HIV/AIDS was hospitalized for disseminated ulcers after milking cows that had vesicular lesions on their udders. Vaccinia virus was detected, and the case met criteria for progressive vaccinia acquired by zoonotic transmission. Adherence to an optimized antiretroviral regimen resulted in recovery.

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Antecedentes: el cáncer de cuello uterino y el cáncer de seno son las principales causas de morbilidad/mortalidad por cáncer a nivel mundial. En Colombia para el 2004, el cáncer de seno ocupó el tercer lugar como causa de muerte por cáncerentre mujeres, después del cáncer de cuello uterino y de estómago. La autoridad sanitaria de Yopal se interesó en calcular la prevalencia de cáncer de cuello uterino/cáncer de seno a través del diagnóstico citológico/tejido mamario por mamografía, para mejorar medidas e intervenciones en salud.Método: estudio retrospectivo transversal; 13.461 registros de citologías practicadas a mujeres entre 10-93 años de edad, del programa de prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino de once instituciones de salud y 2.182 registros de mamografías por cualquier causa, practicadas a mujeres entre 25-97 años de edad en dos IPS certificadas, durante 2008. Análisis de datos en Epi Info® 3.5.1 mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: para cáncer de cuello uterino, pertenecían a las IPS de la red pública 52,6 porciento; privadas 43,1 porciento y régimen especial 4,37 porciento. Edad promedio 35,2 años; área rural 11 porciento. El sistema Bethesda de clasificación patológica reportó una prevalencia ASC-US 1,77. De los 2.182 registros de cáncer de seno, edad promedio 50,7. Según el diagnóstico BIRADS. La prevalencia de B0=32,72. Conclusiones: se sugiere monitorear la calidad de lectura de muestras citológicas; generar acciones encaminadas a preservar datos y mejorar el Sistema de Garantía deCalidad en IPS EN LA toma de muestras de citología e imágenes de mamografía.

Background: cervical cancer and breast cancer are the main causes for mortalitydue to cancer in the world. In Colombia, during the year 2004, breast cancer hadthe third place in deaths due to cancer among women, following cervical cancerand stomach cancer. The health authorities in Yopal, took interest in calculating the prevalence of cervical cancer/breast cancer through pap smears/mammary tissue taken via mammograms, in order to improve health measures and surgeries.Methods: transversal retrospective study; 13,461 records of pap smears performed on women between the ages of 10 – 93, from the program for prevention of cervical cancer among eleven health institutions and 2,182 records of mammograms taken for any reason, on women between the ages of 25 -97 in two certified IPS during 2008. Data analysis in Epi Info@ 3.5.1 through descriptive statistics. Results: for cervical cancer, the results came from the public sector of IPS 52.6%;private sector 43.1% and special regime 4.37%. The average age was 35.2 years old, rural area 11%. The Bethesda system of pathological classification reported an ASC-US 1, 77 prevalence. Of the 2,182 records of breast cancer, the average age was 50, 7 years old. According to the BIRADS diagnose the prevalence was BO=32.72.Conclusion: it is suggested that the reading of pap smear results be monitored; create actions directed toward the preservation of data and improving a guaranteed quality system in the IPS, when collecting samples through pap smears and mammogram images.

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