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This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect of a common bean baked snack (CBBS) and cooked bean consumption on energy intake, satiety, glycemic response, and palatability in subjects with normal weight (Study 1) and overweight (Study 2) and to determine the glycemic index of CBBS (Study 3). For studies 1 and 2, satiety and glycemic response were measured over 45 min after consuming CBBS, cooked beans or white bread preload, and energy intake at an ad libitum test meal was calculated. Energy intake remained similar after consuming the three preloads in both studies. Compared to white bread, CBBS consumption increased fullness by 52% in subjects with normal weight but not in those with overweight. The CBBS calculated glycemic index was considered low (42). Consumption of low glycemic index CBBS increased satiety in adults with a normal weight. Long-term trials assessing the effects on body weight management are necessary.

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gallstone disease (GD) is a major cause for consultation at general surgery services worldwide. In fact, GD has a strong relationship with environmental factors. However, specific characteristics in the Mexican population have not been established. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary components, physical activity, body composition and serum lipids in women with and without GD. METHODS: 54 women with GD and 75 without GD from West Mexico were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was obtained through a habitual day food record and analyzed using the Nutritionist Pro™ software. Physical activity was evaluated in accordance with WHO recommendations. Body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated by bioimpedance (InBody 370) and serum lipids were measured using dry chemistry (Vitros-250 Analyzer). Student's t-test and binary logistic regression model were used. RESULTS: Women with GD presented a higher BF% (40 ± 8.7 vs 35.21 ± 9.8%, p = 0.004), an elevated dietary ω-6:ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio (18.0 ± 11.4 vs 10.9 ± 4.7, p<0.001) and a higher simple carbohydrates (sCH) intake (28.3 ± 17.8 vs 13.23 ± 8.2%, p<0.001) as well as lower HDL-cholesterol levels (37.43 ± 8.5 vs 46.6 ± 12.02 mg/dL, p<0.001) compared with women without GD. Furthermore, it was foun d a higher ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio (OR: 3.9, 95% CI 1.52-10.38, p = 0.005) and excessive sCH consumption (OR: 7.4, 95% CI 1.92-28.65, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: We suggest that a high dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio and an excessive sCH intake are associated with an increased risk of GD in women.

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Snack alternatives based on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been developed to promote pulse consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, sensory acceptance and the effect of common bean baked snack (CBBS) consumption on blood lipid levels in participants with overweight and altered blood lipid levels. A sensory evaluation by 80 untrained judges was carried out using a hedonic scale. A randomized crossover 2 × 2 trial was performed, where 20 participants with overweight and one blood lipid alteration consumed 32 g of CBBS or did not consume it (control) for four weeks. Blood samples were taken to quantify the triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, ApoB-100, glucose and insulin. Furthermore, anthropometric, dietary and physical activity parameters were recorded. The overall acceptance of CBBS was similar compared to popcorn (p > 0.05). The consumption of CBBS reduced the apolipoprotein B-100 levels (p = 0.008). This reduction could be associated with the additional dietary fiber consumption during the CBBS period (p = 0.04). Although it did not improve any other blood lipid or glucose parameters (p > 0.05), it did not affect them either, which means that the CBBS could be consumed without compromising cardiovascular health.

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Introduction: Patients with HIV+ often present lipid disturbances. The role of ghrelin and obestatin in these lipid disturbances is not clear. The effect of antiretroviral (ART) drugs on those molecules is also unknown. This study measured ghrelin and obestatin levels, as well as metabolic markers, in patients with HIV+ before and after 36 weeks of ART. Material and methods: Twenty HIV-positive, ART-naïve patients who started a scheme consisting of tenofovir/emtricitabine+lopinavir/ritonavir were enrolled. Plasma samples were collected before and after 36 weeks of treatment. Serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were quantitated by ELISA; glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by colorimetric and enzymatic methods, and cardiovascular risk was calculated by the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Results: All patients completed 36 weeks of ART. Total cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL-C (p=0.019), HDL-C (p=0.003), VLDL-C (p=0.002), and triglyceride levels (p=0.021) significantly increased after treatment. AIP revealed increased cardiovascular risk at baseline, which remained high after treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in obestatin level in the unpaired and paired analyses, while ghrelin levels only showed a trend to increase. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin levels positively correlated, but no correlation was seen with any metabolic parameter. Conclusion: After 36 weeks of ART, patients showed an altered lipid profile, but there were no significant changes in cardiovascular risk. Ghrelin and obestatin levels increased after 36 weeks of ART, but the increase was only significant for obestatin. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin positively correlate

Introducción: Los pacientes con VIH+ frecuentemente presentan alteraciones del perfil lípidico. El papel de ghrelina y obestatina en estas complicaciones no está claro. El efecto del tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) en dichas moléculas es desconocido. Este estudio determinó los niveles de ghrelina y obestatina, así como los parámetros metabólicos en pacientes VIH+ antes y después de 36 semanas del TAR. Material y métodos: Participaron 20 pacientes VIH+, vírgenes a TAR, que iniciaron con un esquema de tenofovir/emtricitabina + lopinavir/ritonavir. Se tomaron muestras de plasma antes y después de 36 semanas de tratamiento. Los niveles séricos de ghrelina y obestatina fueron cuantificados por ELISA, los parámetros bioquímicos fueron determinados por métodos colorimétricos, se evaluó el riesgo cardiovascular por medio del índice aterogénico del plasma (AIP). Resultados: Los pacientes completaron 36 semanas del TAR. Los niveles de colesterol total (p<0,001), c-LDL (p=0,019), c-HDL (p=0,003), c-VLDL (p=0,002) y triglicéridos (p=0,021) mostraron un incremento estadísticamente significativo posterior al tratamiento. El AIP reveló un riesgo cardiovascular alto. Los niveles de obestatina se incrementaron significativamente en el análisis pareado y no pareado; y ghrelina solo mostró tendencia al incremento. Los cambios en ghrelina y obestatina correlacionaron positivamente, sin embargo no correlacionaron con los parámetros metabólicos. Conclusión: Los pacientes VIH+ mostraron un perfil lipídico alterado después de 36 semanas del TAR. Los niveles de ghrelina y obestatina se incrementaron tras 36 semanas del TAR. El riesgo cardiovascular es persistente. Los cambios en ghrelina y obestatina mostraron una correlación positiva

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INTRODUCTION: Patients with HIV+ often present lipid disturbances. The role of ghrelin and obestatin in these lipid disturbances is not clear. The effect of antiretroviral (ART) drugs on those molecules is also unknown. This study measured ghrelin and obestatin levels, as well as metabolic markers, in patients with HIV+ before and after 36 weeks of ART. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty HIV-positive, ART-naïve patients who started a scheme consisting of tenofovir/emtricitabine+lopinavir/ritonavir were enrolled. Plasma samples were collected before and after 36 weeks of treatment. Serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were quantitated by ELISA; glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by colorimetric and enzymatic methods, and cardiovascular risk was calculated by the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). RESULTS: All patients completed 36 weeks of ART. Total cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL-C (p=0.019), HDL-C (p=0.003), VLDL-C (p=0.002), and triglyceride levels (p=0.021) significantly increased after treatment. AIP revealed increased cardiovascular risk at baseline, which remained high after treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in obestatin level in the unpaired and paired analyses, while ghrelin levels only showed a trend to increase. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin levels positively correlated, but no correlation was seen with any metabolic parameter. CONCLUSION: After 36 weeks of ART, patients showed an altered lipid profile, but there were no significant changes in cardiovascular risk. Ghrelin and obestatin levels increased after 36 weeks of ART, but the increase was only significant for obestatin. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin positively correlate.

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