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Apparent resistant hypertension (aTRH) is a significant public health issue. Once low adherence to antihypertensive treatment has been ruled out and true resistant hypertension is diagnosed, aldosterone-direct-renin-ratio (ADRR) aids in the screening of an aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and primary aldosteronism (PA). Once PA and other secondary causes have been ruled out, the values of aldosterone and renin allow patients to be classified into phenotypes such as low renin hypertension (LRH), Liddle's-like (LLph), and primary hyperaldosteronism (PAph). These classifications could aid in the treatment decision-making process. However, optimal cut-off points for these classifications remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the prevalence of these phenotypes and the behavior of different cut-offs of the ADRR in an Afro-Colombian population with apparent resistant hypertension, as well to describe their sodium consumption. Afro-descendant individuals 18 years of age or older, diagnosed with resistant hypertension and attending to a primary care center in Colombia were recruited as volunteers. As part of the study, their plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) were measured. The phenotypes were categorized into three groups based on multiple cut-off points from different authors: low renin and low aldosterone phenotype (LLph), low renin and high aldosterone phenotype (PAph), and high renin and high aldosterone phenotype, referred to as the renal phenotype (Rph). The prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off and phenotypes were calculated. A linear regression model was derived to assess the effect of sodium consumption with PAC, PRC and ADRR. A total of 88 patients with aTRH were included. Adherence to at least 3 antihypertensive medications was 62.5%. The median age was 56 years (IQR 48-60), 44% were female, and 20% had diabetes. The study found that the prevalence of ADRR values exceeding the cut-off ranged from 4.5 to 23%, while low-renin hypertension (LRH) varied from 15 to 74%, Rph was found in approximately 30 to 34% of patients, PAph in 30 to 51%, and the LLph in 15 to 41%, respectively, depending on the specific cut-off value by different authors. Notably, sodium consumption was associated with lower aldosterone (ß - 0.15, 95% CI [- 0.27, - 0.03]) and renin concentrations (ß - 0.75, 95% CI [- 1.5, - 0.02]), but ADRR showed no significant association with sodium consumption. There were no significant differences in prevalences between the groups taking < 3 vs ≥ 3 antihypertensive medications. Altered aldosterone-direct-renin-ratio, low renin hypertension, Liddle's-like, and primary hyperaldosteronism are prevalent phenotypes in patients within Afro-Colombian patients with apparent treatment-Resistant hypertension.
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Aldosterona , Antihipertensivos , Hipertensión , Fenotipo , Renina , Humanos , Renina/sangre , Aldosterona/sangre , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/sangre , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Adulto , Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Hiperaldosteronismo/sangre , Hiperaldosteronismo/diagnóstico , Hiperaldosteronismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperaldosteronismo/epidemiología , Población Negra , Anciano , Resistencia a MedicamentosRESUMEN
Excessive use of insecticides has led to resistance of some pathogenic organisms (nematodes, bacteria and fungi), environmental contamination, and the presence of hazardous residues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate synthetic metabolites derived from previous studies with edible mushrooms against the soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) because of the relevance of pest control in an economically important crop. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies where edible fungal molecules are evaluated for the control of these insects. Initially, two in vitro tests (toxic effect and immersion) were evaluated against R. nigerrimus. In these tests, sensitivity and viability were determined in the 2% Tween control in water. For these two tests, the synthetic metabolites pentadecanoic acid (PNA), palmitic acid (PMA), stearic acid (STA), linoleic acid (LNA), ß-sitosterol (ßT) were evaluated individually as well as in combinations, "the fraction of standards (E1)". Based on the results obtained, the dip test was selected to evaluate the mixtures of two standards (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), three (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA and 4. STA + LNA + ßT) and four (PNA, ßT, LNA and STA). The results showed that the mixture of three standards caused a higher percentage of mortality relative to the control group: l. PNA + ßT + LNA and 2. PNA + ßT + STA with 54.44 and 48% mortality of R. nigerrimus insects exposed for 15 days. These results show the importance of evaluating mixtures of molecules against R. nigerrimus.
O uso excessivo de inseticidas levou à resistência de alguns organismos patogênicos (nematódeos, bactérias e fungos), à contaminação ambiental e à presença de resíduos perigosos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a mortalidade de metabólitos sintéticos derivados de estudos anteriores com cogumelos comestíveis contra o gorgulho-da-soja Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) por causa da relevância do controle de pragas em uma cultura economicamente importante. Além disso, este é um dos primeiros estudos em que as moléculas fúngicas comestíveis são avaliadas para o controle desses insetos. Inicialmente, dois testes in vitro (efeito tóxico e imersão) foram avaliados contra R. nigerrimus. Nesses testes, a sensibilidade e a viabilidade foram determinadas no controle de 2% de Tween na água. Para esses dois testes, os metabólitos sintéticos ácido pentadecanoico (PNA), ácido palmítico (PMA), ácido esteárico (STA), ácido linoleico (LNA) e ß-sitosterol (ßT) foram avaliados individualmente, bem como a combinação dos 5, "a fração de padrões (E1)". Com base nos resultados obtidos, o teste de imersão foi selecionado para avaliar as misturas de dois padrões (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), três (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA e 4. STA + LNA + ßT) e quatro (PNA, ßT, LNA e STA). Os resultados mostraram que a mistura de três padrões foi a com maior porcentagem de mortalidade em relação ao grupo controle, quais sejam, l. PNA + ßT + LNA e 2. PNA + ßT + STA, com 54,44% e 48% de mortalidade, respectivamente, em uma exposição de 15 dias contra R. nigerrimus. Estes resultados mostram a importância de avaliar as misturas entre moléculas contra R. nigerrimus.
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Agaricales , InsecticidasRESUMEN
Introduction: Physical and non-physical processes that occur in nature may influence biological processes, such as dissemination of infectious diseases. However, such processes may be hard to detect when they are complex systems. Because complexity is a dynamic and non-linear interaction among numerous elements and structural levels in which specific effects are not necessarily linked to any one specific element, cause-effect connections are rarely or poorly observed. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the complex and dynamic properties of geo-biological data were explored with high-resolution epidemiological data collected in the 2001 Uruguayan foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epizootic that mainly affected cattle. County-level data on cases, farm density, road density, river density, and the ratio of road (or river) length/county perimeter were analyzed with an open-ended procedure that identified geographical clustering in the first 11 epidemic weeks. Two questions were asked: (i) do geo-referenced epidemiologic data display complex properties? and (ii) can such properties facilitate or prevent disease dissemination? Results: Emergent patterns were detected when complex data structures were analyzed, which were not observed when variables were assessed individually. Complex properties-including data circularity-were demonstrated. The emergent patterns helped identify 11 counties as 'disseminators' or 'facilitators' (F) and 264 counties as 'barriers' (B) of epidemic spread. In the early epidemic phase, F and B counties differed in terms of road density and FMD case density. Focusing on non-biological, geographical data, a second analysis indicated that complex relationships may identify B-like counties even before epidemics occur. Discussion: Geographical barriers and/or promoters of disease dispersal may precede the introduction of emerging pathogens. If corroborated, the analysis of geo-referenced complexity may support anticipatory epidemiological policies.
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Excessive use of insecticides has led to resistance of some pathogenic organisms (nematodes, bacteria and fungi), environmental contamination, and the presence of hazardous residues. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate synthetic metabolites derived from previous studies with edible mushrooms against the soybean weevil Rhyssomatus nigerrimus Fahraeus (Curculonidae) because of the relevance of pest control in an economically important crop. Furthermore, this is one of the first studies where edible fungal molecules are evaluated for the control of these insects. Initially, two in vitro tests (toxic effect and immersion) were evaluated against R. nigerrimus. In these tests, sensitivity and viability were determined in the 2% Tween control in water. For these two tests, the synthetic metabolites pentadecanoic acid (PNA), palmitic acid (PMA), stearic acid (STA), linoleic acid (LNA), ß-sitosterol (ßT) were evaluated individually as well as in combinations, "the fraction of standards (E1)". Based on the results obtained, the dip test was selected to evaluate the mixtures of two standards (1. PMA + ßT, 2. PMA + PNA, 3. PMA + LNA, 4. PMA + STA, 5. STA + ßT, 6. STA + PNA, 7. STA + LNA, 8. PNA + ßT, 9. PNA + LNA, 10. LNA + ßT), three (1. PNA + ßT + LNA, 2. PNA + ßT + STA, 3. STA + LNA + PNA and 4. STA + LNA + ßT) and four (PNA, ßT, LNA and STA). The results showed that the mixture of three standards caused a higher percentage of mortality relative to the control group: l. PNA + ßT + LNA and 2. PNA + ßT + STA with 54.44 and 48% mortality of R. nigerrimus insects exposed for 15 days. These results show the importance of evaluating mixtures of molecules against R. nigerrimus.
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Agaricales , Insecticidas , Ácidos Nucleicos de Péptidos , Gorgojos , Animales , Ácidos Nucleicos de Péptidos/química , Ácidos Nucleicos de Péptidos/metabolismo , Insecticidas/farmacología , Agaricales/metabolismo , Gorgojos/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico , Ácido Palmítico , Polisorbatos , AguaRESUMEN
We report on a Mexican mestizo with a multisystemic syndrome including neurological involvement and a type I serum transferrin isoelectric focusing (Tf IEF) pattern. Diagnosis of PMM2-CDG was obtained by clinical exome sequencing (CES) that revealed compound heterozygous variants in PMM2, the encoding gene for the phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of mannose-6-P to mannose-1-P required for the synthesis of GDP-Man and Dol-P-Man, donor substrates for glycosylation reactions. The identified variants were c.422G>A (R141H) and c.178G>T, the former being the most frequent PMM2 pathogenic mutation and the latter a previously uncharacterized variant restricted to the Latino population with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity and that we here report causes leaky non-functional alternative splicing (p.V60Cfs*3).
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BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been associated with several immune-related adverse events, including sarcoidosis-like reactions (SLR). SLR, which has a low prevalence but an increasing incidence, is similar to sarcoidosis in terms of histology, and clinical and radiological manifestations. The most commonly affected organs are hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes and skin. SLR is an exclusion diagnosis, so a lymph node biopsy can be useful to distinguish between tumor progression and SLR, particularly in tumors in which nodal involvement is very common. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of SLR in all cancer patients receiving ICIs in our institution between January 2016 and June 2020. RESULTS: Among the 1063 treated patients, seven experienced SLR, four of whom were symptomatic (cough, skin lesions, arthralgia), with time to onset ranging from 1.5 to 6.7 months after ICI initiation. All seven patients had bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and granulomatous reactions in five of the six patients with lymph node biopsies. SLR improved in all patients, including four patients who continued with ICI. Three patients received corticosteroids and/or stopped ICI therapy. Four of these patients had partial responses at the time SLR was identified. CONCLUSION: Management of SLR lacks a consensus recommendation, although corticosteroids and/or stopping the ICI are generally implemented. The potential consequences of stopping anticancer treatment should be taken into consideration, particularly in the absence of clear management recommendations.
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Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/efectos adversos , Linfadenopatía/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoidosis/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Hospitales , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , EspañaRESUMEN
We are developing a robust and economic electro-optical remote sensing methodology to monitor the state of health and hydration of trees, endemic to subtropical regions. We measured reflectance spectra with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) of three samples of two different oak trees. We find that spectral bands suitable for monitoring the state of the health and senescence of the oak include intervals around 0.9 µm and 1.8 µm. The easiest and the most cost-effective strategy would be to implement an electro-optical remote sensing radiometric system featuring a commercial camera incorporating a traditional charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detectors and a wideband transmission filter, from about 0.8 to 1 µm.
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Senescencia Celular/fisiología , Celulosa/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Quercus/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , México , Tecnología de Sensores Remotos , Clima TropicalRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01423.].
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Resumen: El estudio de la biomecánica de la columna lumbar con enfoque clínico permite al médico especialista, relacionado con ciencias del aparato locomotor, tener una mejor interpretación de los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos, para así poder realizar un tratamiento o una predicción de un problema médico con mayor fundamento científico. El segmento vertebral lumbar se estudia desde el punto de vista biomecánico de manera integrada, correlacionándolo con las demás estructuras corporales. Las estructuras analizadas son las vértebras, los discos intervertebrales, el sistema ligamentario y muscular. El método de estudio va desde la estática de la columna hasta la dinámica, que incluye los aspectos cinéticos y cinemáticos. La contradicción del estudio de la columna lumbar estriba en que los trastornos de esta región corporal son de los más frecuentes en la consulta médica general y especializada y, sin embargo, no está proporcionada con los fondos financieros para realizar investigación.
Abstract: The study of Biomechanics of the lumbar spine with clinical approach allows the physician related to locomotive sciences, to have a better interpretation of the clinical and radiological findings in order to carry out a treatment or a prediction of a medical problem with greater scientific foundation. The lumbar vertebral segment is studied from a biomechanical point of view in an integrated way, correlating with other body regions. The structures analyzed are the vertebrae, the intervertebral disks, the ligament and muscular system. The method of study goes from the static of the column to the dynamic, which includes the kinetic and kinematic aspects. The contradiction in the study of the lumbar spine is that the disorders of this body region are of the most frequent in the general and specialized medical consultation and, however, is not enough provided to the financial funds to carry out research.
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Humanos , Disco Intervertebral , Vértebras Lumbares , Fenómenos BiomecánicosRESUMEN
Cloud forest is a sensitive and vulnerable ecosystem that is threatened by human activities as well as climate change. Previous studies have shown how transitional ecosystems such as cloud forests will be the most negatively impacted by the global increase in temperature. Therefore, the niche modeling framework was used in this study to geographically identify the areas with the climatic potential to host the largest number of key tree species in this ecosystem and to propose them as priority conservation areas. A total of 19 species were modeled using the MaxEnt algorithm; binary maps were generated for each species and combined to produce one potential suitability map and identify climatic priority areas. Thus, 7% of the national area of Mexico shows suitability for the cloud forest ecosystem, although it is currently distributed in less than 1% of the country. Finally, potential suitability areas were compared with natural protected areas, current land use and priority conservation areas. We found that of the current suitable area, only 5% coincides with some federal or state protection regime. Natural protected areas have proven to be a mechanism for forest conservation, so we must consider increasing the number and area of those protected areas that favor the conservation of these key cloud forest species.
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We report an unusual case of an amelanotic melanoma in a 7 year old hispanic child with subclinical globe perforation. Uveal melanoma rarely occurs in children. Young affected patients are mostly light-colored eye Caucasian adolescents. Since they are not common, these tumors are usually not recognized and misdiagnosed. Differential diagnoses and therapeutic options are outlined.
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Perforación Corneal/etiología , Neoplasias del Iris/complicaciones , Melanoma Amelanótico/complicaciones , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enucleación del Ojo , Hemorragia del Ojo/etiología , Humanos , Neoplasias del Iris/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Iris/patología , Neoplasias del Iris/cirugía , Masculino , Melanoma Amelanótico/diagnóstico , Melanoma Amelanótico/patología , Melanoma Amelanótico/cirugíaRESUMEN
The study of Biomechanics of the lumbar spine with clinical approach allows the physician related to locomotive sciences, to have a better interpretation of the clinical and radiological findings in order to carry out a treatment or a prediction of a medical problem with greater scientific foundation. The lumbar vertebral segment is studied from a biomechanical point of view in an integrated way, correlating with other body regions. The structures analyzed are the vertebrae, the intervertebral disks, the ligament and muscular system. The method of study goes from the static of the column to the dynamic, which includes the kinetic and kinematic aspects. The contradiction in the study of the lumbar spine is that the disorders of this body region are of the most frequent in the general and specialized medical consultation and, however, is not enough provided to the financial funds to carry out research.
El estudio de la biomecánica de la columna lumbar con enfoque clínico permite al médico especialista, relacionado con ciencias del aparato locomotor, tener una mejor interpretación de los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos, para así poder realizar un tratamiento o una predicción de un problema médico con mayor fundamento científico. El segmento vertebral lumbar se estudia desde el punto de vista biomecánico de manera integrada, correlacionándolo con las demás estructuras corporales. Las estructuras analizadas son las vértebras, los discos intervertebrales, el sistema ligamentario y muscular. El método de estudio va desde la estática de la columna hasta la dinámica, que incluye los aspectos cinéticos y cinemáticos. La contradicción del estudio de la columna lumbar estriba en que los trastornos de esta región corporal son de los más frecuentes en la consulta médica general y especializada y, sin embargo, no está proporcionada con los fondos financieros para realizar investigación.
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Disco Intervertebral , Vértebras Lumbares , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , HumanosRESUMEN
Here we show the effects of repeated electroejaculation (EE) on mean values of motility, mitochondrial functionality, and expression of active caspases on goat sperm obtained by EE. Evaluations were done using CASA and flow cytometry. A strategy for identification of kinematic sperm subpopulations, when individual data of sperm are not provided by the CASA system, is provided. Fifty semen samples, five of each of ten adult creole goats, were obtained by electroejaculation. Mean values of total motility, progressive motility and flow cytometry evaluations were compared among EEs. Relationships among mean values of variables were investigated using Spearman correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). For identification of kinematic sperm subpopulations, PCA followed by hierarchical clustering was applied on data of the intervals provided automatically by the CASA system. Total motility does no change after repeated EE. Mean values of motility parameters and molecular markers were unrelated in multivariate space, but bivariate correlations were found. Values in upper and lower intervals defined clearly the sperm subpopulations, which had motility parameters changing over time. Taken together, our results show that repeated EE does not affect mean values of total motility, that molecular markers are not related with motility parameters, and that it is possible to identify kinematic sperm subpopulations when individual data, of motility parameters, are not provided by the CASA system.
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Eyaculación/fisiología , Estimulación Eléctrica/métodos , Cabras/fisiología , Análisis de Semen , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Animales , Biomarcadores , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMEN
Antecedentes: La ectrodactilia es una malformación congénita caracterizada por la presencia de hendiduras en los pies acompañada de agenesia e hipoplasia de los metatarsianos y falanges. Es un desorden genético muy poco frecuente, con una incidencia de 1:90,000-100,000 nacimientos vivos y no está ligada al sexo. Su patrón genético es de tipo autosómico dominante con penetrancia genética variable. El diagnóstico es clínico al momento del nacimiento; sin embargo, puede ser prenatal mediante ultrasonografía desde el primer trimestre de gestación. El manejo de la ectrodactilia incluye tanto el tratamiento quirúrgico como el no quirúrgico. Métodos: Se revisó el archivo de historias médicas desde enero 2005 a enero 2010, se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de ectrodactilia. Se encontraron dos pacientes que fueron tratados quirúrgicamente a los cuales se les realizó un seguimiento mínimo de tres años. Resultados: La evolución a largo plazo fue favorable permitiendo el uso de calzado y la marcha. No se evidenciaron recidivas o complicaciones. Los resultados finales fueron buenos de acuerdo a la escala de Tani y colaboradores. Discusión: De acuerdo a nuestros resultados a mediano y largo plazo en el manejo de estos dos casos de ectrodactilia, recomendamos la combinación del tratamiento ortopédico conservador, como preparación para la cirugía, y la resolución definitiva mediante cierre de la hendidura. El tratamiento quirúrgico realizado y el adecuado manejo postoperatorio permitieron el uso de calzado, mejorar la función y apariencia en ambos casos.
Background: Ectrodactyly is a congenital malformation characterized by the presence of clefts in the feet accompanied by aplasia and hypoplasia of the phalanges and metatarsals. It is a rare genetic disorder with an incidence of 1:90,000-100,000 live births and it is not linked to sex. Its genetic pattern is autosomal dominant with a variable genetic penetrance. Clinical diagnosis is made at birth, however it can be prenatal through ultrasound during the first trimester. Management of ectrodactyly includes both surgical and non-surgical treatment. Methods: We reviewed the archive of medical histories from January 2005 to January 2010, we included all patients with an ectrodactyly diagnosis. We found two patients who were treated surgically and were followed-up for three years. Results: The long term evolution was favorable, allowing the patient to wear shoes and walk. There were no recurrences or complications observed. The final results were good according to the Tani et al scale. Discussion: According to our medium and long term results in the management of these two cases of ectrodactyly, we recommend the combination of conservative orthopedic treatment as preparation for surgery and the final resolution with closure of the cleft. The surgical treatment performed and appropriate postoperative management allowed the patient to wear shoes, to improve function and appearance in both cases.
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Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Pie , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades , Pie/cirugía , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades/cirugíaRESUMEN
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de hallazgos radiográficos en pacientes mayores de 60 años, atendidos en el Servicio de Radiología del Centro de Clínicas Odontológicas de la Universidad de Talca entre los meses de marzo y octubre del año 2010. Se evaluaron 190 radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes mayores de 60 años de edad. Se determinó la presencia de lesiones radiolúcidas (RL), lesiones radiopacas (RO), restos radiculares (RR), lesiones apicales (LA), cuerpos extraños (CE), dientes incluidos (DI), calcificaciones en tejidos blandos (CTB) y calcificaciones del complejo estilohioídeo (CCE). El 58,9 % del total de la muestra tuvo hallazgos. En pacientes edéntulos totales, el 51,4% de las radiografías tuvieron algún hallazgo, mientras que en edéntulos parciales, el porcentaje el 60,6% presentaron hallazgos radiográficos. Estos en el total de la muestra se encontraron en orden decreciente fueron CCE 25,26%; CTB 24,21%; LA 19%; RO 11,05%; RR 7,36%; PI 4,21%; RL 3,68%. No se encontró cuerpos extraños. La mayoría de los hallazgos se encontró de manera única (57%). Nuestros resultados sugieren que sería adecuado solicitar una radiografía panorámica antes de iniciar el tratamiento rehabilitador de un paciente adulto mayor, para obtener información que permita la realización de un tratamiento odontológica de forma segura
The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of radiological findings in digital panoramic radiographs of 60-year-old patients and more, treated in Radiological Service of Universidad de Talca`s Dental Clinical Center during the period between March and October of year 2010. 190 digital panoramic radiographs from elderly patients were observed. Radiolucent lesions (RL), radiopaque lesions (RO), periapical radiolucent lesions (LA), root fragments (RF), foreign bodies (FB), unerupted teeth (UT), soft tissue calcifications (STC) and calcified stylohyoid complex (CSC) were assessed. 58,9 % of full sample showed radiological findings. In edentulous mouths, 51,4% of radiographs had findings, whereas in partially edentulous, percentage of Rx with findings was 60,6%. Radiological findings of full sample in decreasing order were as next: CSC 25,26%; STC 24,21%; LA 19%; RO 11,05%; RF 7,36%; UT 4,21%; RL 3,68%. Foreign bodies were not found. Radiological findings were seen multiple in 43%. Our results suggest that prescribe a panoramic radiograph before starting a rehabilitation treatment to an elderly patient, would be beneficial in order to obtain useful information for safer dental treatments
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Femenino , Anciano , Radiografía Dental Digital , Radiografía Dental , Radiografía Panorámica , OdontologíaRESUMEN
In tumour cells, activation of the apoptotic machinery by death receptor ligands of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily of cytokines represents a novel therapeutic strategy. However, systemic treatment of tumours with TNF-α and CD95 ligand may produce severe toxic effects. The tumour necrosis-related apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF family capable of inducing apoptosis in a wide variety of cancer cells upon binding to pro-apoptotic receptors, while having no effect on the majority of normal human cells tested. Interestingly, preclinical studies in mice and nonhuman primates showed no systemic cytotoxicity upon injection of either recombinant TRAIL or agonistic TRAIL-receptor antibodies. Furthermore, these treatments have been shown to effectively suppress the growth of a range of tumour xenografts. Although unwanted effects of some TRAIL preparations have been reported in normal cells, the use of TRAIL receptor agonists could represent a suitable approach in cancer therapy. Here, we shall review our current understanding of apoptotic and non-apoptotic TRAIL signalling, the therapeutic potential of TRAIL-based approaches in cancer treatment, and the results of phase 1 and 2 clinical trials with recombinant TRAIL or agonistic TRAIL receptor antibodies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents.