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Objective: This current study aimed to validate the Indonesian version of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) questionnaire, which provides a better understanding of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) disorders. Method : The study used a cross-sectional design and involved 314 adolescents and young adults in high school or university. A stratified sampling method was used. All participants filled out the ISAS questionnaire. Data were analyzed for content validity, construct validity, item discrimination value, and internal consistency (Croncbach's α). The translation process was carried out using forward and back-translation methods. Results: The ISAS questionnaire consists of section I, the behavioral scale, and section II, the functional scale. For content validity, Aiken's V coefficient obtained for both scale sections I and II is in the range of 0.917 - 1. This result shows that all items on the scale have very good validity. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were carried out using Lisrel 8.80 software on section II, resulting in several goodness of fit values that were not good enough (χ2 = 457.68; P < 0.000; df = 64; χ2 / df = 7.151, RMSEA = 0.130) and several other values that are quite acceptable (CFI = 0.95; SRMS = 0.057; NFI = 0.95; GFI = 0.83). The factor loading from section II ranges from 0.43 - 0.91. The item discrimination value using the corrected item-total correlation of section I is in the range of 0.031 - 0.837 and section II ranges from 0.290 - 0.854. The reliability analysis values in section I and II of the ISAS are α = 0.527 and α = 0.966, respectively. Conclusion: This is the first study to have validated the Indonesian version of the ISAS questionnaire. The Indonesian version of the ISAS questionnaire is considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess NSSI disorders.

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<b>Background and Objective:</b> Sunflower is one of the important commodities in agriculture. The oil content in sunflower seeds has been widely used as cooking oil, but in Indonesia, the utilization of this oil is still relatively low. In addition, sunflowers also contain vitamin E which is useful as an antioxidant, so it can be used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine gene expression at the RNA level towards vitamin E biosynthesis using different fertilization treatments. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Sunflowers that had been given different fertilizers were taken in three flowering phases, R3, R5 and R8. Flower samples were isolated until RNA was obtained. The isolation results were tested using real-time PCR to determine the relative gene expression of the <i>VTE1</i> and <i>VTE3</i> genes. After the sunflower seeds were fully ripe, vitamin E content was tested in each treatment and the results were compared with the relative gene expression obtained. <b>Results:</b> The results obtained were fluctuating, but in general, the relative gene expression obtained in the <i>VTE1</i> gene increased in the R3 phase and then decreased in the R5 and R8 phases. Whereas, in the <i>VTE3</i> gene, the relative gene expression obtained experienced an increase in the R3 and R5 phases and then decreased in the R8 phase. The highest vitamin E content was obtained by sample P3 (4218 µg mL¹) and the lowest was obtained by sample P2 (1798 µg mL¹). <b>Conclusion:</b> A balanced ratio of 92:46:30 kg ha¹ of major nutrient fertilizer involving N, P and K could increase vitamin E content in sunflowers. Such a combination exhibited stable expression of the <i>VTE1</i> and <i>VTE3</i> genes in all phases of flowering.

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INTRODUCTION: A study of tumor resectability in pre-operative patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is required to predict primary surgical benefits accurately. This study aims to investigate IL6, CA-125 and HE4 to predict tumor resectability in the pre-operative patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the polyclinic, oncology and gynecology inpatient room of Dr. M. Jamil Padang Hospital from June until December 2022. Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer stage based on histology result from FIGO stages IIIB-IVA. IL6, CA-125, and HE4 were measured using ECLIA (electrochemiluminescence immunoassay). Categorical data were assessed using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Numerical variable correlations were analyzed using Pearson Correlation tests. While the correlation between numerical and nominal variables was analyzed using the Eta correlation test. A p-value of <0,05 was considered a significant correlation. The cut-off value of serum IL6, CA-125, and HE4 was determined with a ROC curve. The sensitivity and specificity of each clinical parameter were calculated. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in IL-6 (1328 vs 752 pg/ml; p<0,001), CA-125 (1260,5 vs 819,5 U/ml; p<0,001), and HE4 levels (1320 vs 760 pmol/L; p<0,001) between patients with tumor resectability of > 1 cm (suboptimal) vs < 1 cm (optimal). There was a correlation between IL6 (r = 0,832), CA-125 (r = 0,716), and HE4 (r = 0,716) with tumor resectability. CONCLUSION: Measuring IL6, CA-125, and HE4 levels is useful for clinicians to predict tumor resectability in pre-operative patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

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Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells, such as self-renewability, differentiative and immunomodulatory effects, their use in laboratory and clinical studies shows promising results. However, the allogeneic transplantation problems of MSCs limit the use of these cells in the clinic. Scientists propose the application of exosomes to use from the therapeutic effect of MSCs and overcome their defects. These vesicles change the target cell behaviour and transcription profile by transferring various cargo such as proteins, mi-RNAs, and lipids. One of the degenerative tissue diseases in which MSCs and their exosomes are used in their treatment is intervertebral disc disease (IDD). Different factors such as genetics, nutrition, ageing, and environmental factors play a significant role in the onset and progression of this disease. These factors affect the cellular and molecular properties of the disc, leading to tissue destruction. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) are among the most important cells involved in the pathogenesis of disc degeneration. MSCs exert their therapeutic effects by differentiating, reducing apoptosis, increasing proliferation, and decreasing senescence in NPCs. In addition, the use of MSCs and their exosomes also affects the annulus fibrosus and cartilaginous endplate cells in disc tissue and prevents disc degeneration progression.

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Purpose: To improve adipocytes differentiation & glucose uptake activity of 3T3-L1 cells through sirtuin-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) of (+)-catechin & proanthocyanidin fraction Uncaria gambir Roxb. Methods: Adipocytes differentiation activity of (+)-Catechin of Uncaria gambir Roxb. was determined by oil red O staining method & glucose uptake activity was determined by measuring 2-deoxyglucose uptake on 3T3-L1 cells. The ability of (+) - catechin as an activator of sirtuin-1 was assessed by administration of (+) - catechin with the presence of a specific inhibitor of sirtuin-1, nicotinamide. Metformin 1 mM & 5 mM were used as positive control. Sirtuin-1, PPAR γ & GLUT-4 expressions were determined by RT-PCR. Results: (+)-Catechin & proanthocyanidin fraction of Uncaria gambir Roxb. were found to increase adipocyte differentiation & glucose uptake by increasing activity of sirtuin-1 as well as metformin (P ≤0.05). PPAR γ, GLUT-4 and sirtuin-1 expressions were known to be responsible for this activities. Conclusion: These results indicate that (+)-catechin & proanthocyanidin fraction of Uncaria gambir Roxb. could be utilized as a renewable bioresource to develop potential antidiabetic and antiobesity agents.

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In pancreatic ß-cells, pharmacological concentrations of catecholamines, including adrenaline, have been used to inhibit insulin release and explore the multiple mechanisms involved. However, the significance of these signaling pathways for physiological adrenergic functions in ß-cells is largely unknown. In the process of glucose-induced insulin secretion, opening of background current through nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) might facilitate membrane depolarization by closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Here, we examined whether physiological insulinostatic adrenaline action is mediated via the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, a type of NSCC, in ß-cells. Results showed that physiological concentrations of adrenaline strongly suppressed glucose-induced and incretin-potentiated cAMP production and insulin secretion and inhibited NSCCs current and membrane excitability via the α2A-adrenoceptor in wild-type mice; however, insulin secretion was not attenuated in TRPM2-knockout (KO) mice. Administration of yohimbine, an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to affect glucose tolerance in TRPM2-KO mice, in contrast to an improved glucose tolerance in wild-type mice receiving the antagonist. The current study demonstrated that a physiological concentration of adrenaline attenuates insulin release via coupling of α2A-adrenoceptor to cAMP/TRPM2 signaling, thereby providing a potential therapeutic tool to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Recent studies have considered oxytocin (Oxt) as a possible medicine to treat obesity and hyperphagia. To find the effective and safe route for Oxt treatment, we compared the effects of its nasal and intraperitoneal (IP) administration on food intake, locomotor activity, and glucose tolerance in mice. Nasal Oxt administration decreased food intake without altering locomotor activity and increased the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, the area postrema (AP), and the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMNV) of the medulla. IP Oxt administration decreased food intake and locomotor activity and increased the number of c-Fos-ir neurons not only in the PVN, AP, and DMNV but also in the nucleus of solitary tract of the medulla and in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. In IP glucose tolerance tests, IP Oxt injection attenuated the rise of blood glucose, whereas neither nasal nor intracerebroventricular Oxt affected blood glucose. In isolated islets, Oxt administration potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion. These results indicate that both nasal and IP Oxt injections reduce food intake to a similar extent and increase the number of c-Fos-ir neurons in common brain regions. IP Oxt administration, in addition, activates broader brain regions, reduces locomotor activity, and affects glucose tolerance possibly by promoting insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. In comparison with IP administration, the nasal route of Oxt administration could exert a similar anorexigenic effect with a lesser effect on peripheral organs.

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