RESUMEN
Purpose: ''Project Portfolio Risk Management" is approached through a bibliometry and collaboration networks study determining its dynamics and development as a formal domain that links Project, Risk Management and Portfolio concepts. Design/methodology/approach: To facilitate replicability, a scientometric study under a PRISMA structure is carried out: i) Identification or domain structuring, as well as keywording accuracy; ii) Screening: Search string refinement and outputs review; iii) Eligibility: Several criteria applied to a content analysis, and iv) Inclusion: Consolidation of domain analytics through bibliometry and collaboration networks. Originality and findings: Assessing the field as a formal knowledge domain is novel, contributing to a synthesis of its trends and evolution: For first time, descriptive statistics show increasing attention based on the growing citation scores, participation, H index and productivity of its main journals. Project Portfolio Selection is established as hot topic, the main authors are identified, as well as key concepts such as optimization, mathematical programming, multi-objective optimization, stochastic programming, and robust optimization. Three main research themes are obtained: Incorporation of Risk Assessment into Project Portfolio Selection problem, Risk Management as a Project Portfolio Management process, and Risk Analysis considering social and environmental issues. An accurate match is found in the contrast of the domain's behavior with some bibliometric and linguistic laws. Practical implications: Theoretical richness is achieved in the conjunction of the three terms, presenting dynamics and tendencies and thus contributing to focus related research processes on a unified field for the use of both scholars' and practitioners' perspectives.
RESUMEN
The transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc enable the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent cells. Reprogramming generates newly differentiated cells for potential therapies in cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and rejuvenation processes. In cancer therapies, these transcription factors lead to a reduction in the size and aggressiveness of certain tumors, such as sarcomas, and in neurodegenerative diseases, they enable the production of dopaminergic cells in Parkinson's disease, the replacement of affected neuronal cells in olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and the regeneration of the optic nerve. However, there are limitations, such as an increased risk of cancer development when using Klf4 and c-Myc and the occurrence of abnormal dyskinesias in the medium term, possibly generated by the uncontrolled growth of differentiated dopaminergic cells and the impairment of the survival of the new cells. Therefore, the Yamanaka transcription factors have shown therapeutic potential through cell reprogramming for some carcinomas, neurodegenerative diseases, and rejuvenation. However, the limitations found in the studies require further investigation before the use of these transcription factors in humans.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma , Sarcoma , Humanos , Agresión , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Laboratorios , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/genética , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mycRESUMEN
La caries dental, es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica que afecta a todas las edades, en la cual la presencia de Streptococcus mutans se constituye en una causa determinante más no suficiente para el desarrollo de dicha enfermedad, siendo éste el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en la cavidad oral. La Inmunoglobulina A secretora actúa como primer agente de defensa inmunológica de la superficie de la mucosa oral interfiriendo en la colonización bacteriana del diente a través de distintos mecanismos, sin embargo existen evidencias contradictorias sobre el verdadero papel en el desarrollo de la caries dental. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en explicar mediante revisión bibliográfica desde 1990 hasta el 2009, la acción de la inmunoglobulina A secretora en el proceso de adherencia de Streptococcus mutans al diente humano.
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that affects all age groups in which the presence of Streptococcus mutans constitutes a decisive but not sufficient cause for development of the disease, and is the most frequently isolated organism in the oral cavity. On other hand, secretory IgA (IgA-S) as the first immune defense agent that protects oral mucosal surface by impeding bacterial colonization of the tooth through different mechanisms; however there is contradictory evidence regarding the actual role of IgA-S and its relation with the development of dental caries. The purpose was to complete a review of the literature between 1990 to 2008o in order to explain the action of secretory immunoglobulin A during the adherence process of Streptococcus mutans to human teeth.
RESUMEN
La obesidad ha sido considerada la epidemia mundial del siglo XXI; hasta el momento no existe un manejo médico y/o farmacológico que permita controlar o disminuir significativamente las comorbilidades asociadas a esta enfermedad. La cirugía bariátrica se ha posesionado como la mejor alternativa para el manejo de estos pacientes y requiere para su realización centros de referencia con grupos multidisciplinarios comprometidos con la escogencia y seguimiento a largo plazo para estos pacientes. El bypass gástrico continúa siendo el patrón de oro para el manejo quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida.
Obesity is considered to be the epidemic of the 21st century. Until now there are no known medical or pharmacological methods to manage obesity in ways that control it and significantly reduce the comorbidities associated with it. Bariatric surgery has become the best alternative for management of obesity. Management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery requires referral centers with multidisciplinary medical groups committed to choice and long term follow-up of these patients. Bariatric surgery continues to be the gold standard for surgical management of morbid obesity.