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To study the self-perceptions of leadership held by intellectually gifted elementary students in Grades 4 through 6 the Leadership Strengths Indicator was administered to 21 girls and 13 boys. Significant differences favoring the girls were found on two of the cluster scales (V, Sympathetic and VII, Conscientious) and the total score.

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The Leadership Strengths Indicator was administered to 42 boys and 47 girls, ranging in age from 10 to 15 years, who were identified as disadvantaged by their qualifications for the free or reduced lunch fee. The students' scores fell within the normal range of scores. A significant difference was found on Cluster scale III, High Level Participator in Group Activities, favoring the boys. Slight nonsignificant differences were found between the scores on Clusters I, Enjoys Group Activities, IV, Journalistic, and VI, Courageous.

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Uterine body and bilateral horn insemination techniques were compared in 364 Jersey cows and 138 heifers by two inseminators. For horn inseminations, approximately one-half of the semen was placed in left uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. The remainder of semen was then placed in the right uterine horn just prior to the point of resistance. Animals were inseminated in the uterine body on even days of the month throughout the study. On odd days of the month, animals were inseminated in both uterine horns. A total of 62.9% of 286 animals inseminated in the uterine body were pregnant versus 54.2% of 216 animals inseminated in both uterine horns. Differences were greater for cows than for heifers and at first and second services than at third or greater services. These results favor current recommended techniques to deposit semen into the uterine body correctly.

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We present the case of a spastic quadriplegic who developed mental symptoms which resolved when his Baclofen was discontinued. Of interest was the presence of EEG abnormalities similar to those described in cats receiving this drug. These abnormalities, previously unreported in humans, resolved upon discontinuing Baclofen therapy.

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Because the ambient environment affects sleep duration and sequence, sleep in the subject's home may be more valid than in a laboratory. Telephone polysomnogram transmission (TPSM) and portable electromagnetic tape recordings offer recordings in the subject's bedroom. Ten subjects were recorded in the laboratory and at home by TPSM and portable recording. Overall sleep patterns were similar with all three techniques, but sleep and REM latency were much shorter and REM duration much longer, and time awake after sleep onset was longer with laboratory recordings. These data show that sleep patterns in the home differ from recordings in the laboratory. Portable recordings provide the additional benefit of monitoring daytime cycles. TPSM affords seven or eight channels for more precise recording and sleep staging.

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Dementia due to degenerative changes or to some chronic disorders involves gradual loss of function, and it is important that the patient, spouse, and family know what to expect. Counseling from the physician at an early stage can help the patient maintain a normal level of functioning as long as possible and prepare the family and spouse to deal with changes as they occur.

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We studied 30 patients who were admitted to the hospital because of intractable seizures. Twenty-three had fewer seizures during one or both of the first 2 hospital weeks than before admission, although medication was not changed. The role of environment in seizure control is difficult to measure, but hospital admission itself is a form of environmental manipulation. When seizure control is achieved in the hospital, the hospital experience itself must be considered in addition to other therapeutic interventions.

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Hysterical "epidemics" of "epilepsy" are well known in Eastern and Western cultures. A unique situation in the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries was the American religious movement, the setting in which "the jerks" occurred. Descriptions of various types of "jerks," including dancing, barking, laughing exercise, running exercise, and singing exercise are described.

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A 75-year-old man had development of left hemiparesis after a cerebral infarction. Nine months later, he was admitted to the hospital after generalized tonic clonic convulsion. In the hospital, he had clonic movement on the left side of the body. Even after acceptable control of orthostatic hypotension, rising from supine to standing position evoked slow waves over the right hemisphere on the EEG tracing. This example of focal seizures with orthostatic hypotension shows that previously compromised cerebral tissue or vessels may be vulnerable to changes in blood pressure. We suggest that convulsive movements associated with hypotension or syncope result from cortical mechanisms rather than brainstem tonic release mechanisms.

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Peripheral neuropathy may be a minor, even unrecognized, clinical problem, or it may be severe and virtually disabling. As in any chronic disorder, the physician's role is to look for treatable disease and to teach patients about the symptoms and natural history of the dysfunction as well as methods for coping with it. The physician can help patients by explaining how to contend with a damaged peripheral nervous system on a daily basis, even if healing or significant organic relief cannot be achieved.

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