Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Litio/efectos adversos , Complicaciones del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias/etiología , Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos/etiología , Trastorno Bipolar/inducido químicamente , Trastorno Depresivo/inducido químicamente , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Litio/administración & dosificación , Litio/uso terapéutico , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , RecurrenciaAsunto(s)
Trastornos Mentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Mentales/terapia , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Psicoterapia , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo/terapia , Humanos , Proyectos de Investigación/normas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The authors compared the clinical and cognitive effects of bifrontal electrode placement with standard bitemporal electrode placement in the treatment of patients with major depression. METHOD: Forty-eight patients with unipolar or bipolar depression were treated with a course of bifrontal or bitemporal ECT. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the standardized Mini-Mental State were administered at baseline and repeated during the course of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-seven of the 48 patients who completed the course of treatment met remission criteria by the 12th treatment. There were no differences between the patients given bifrontal ECT and those given bitemporal ECT in the number of treatments required to reach remission criteria. The standardized Mini-Mental State scores of the patients given bitemporal ECT worsened more after treatment than did those of the patients given bifrontal ECT. CONCLUSIONS: Bifrontal electrode placement was as efficacious as bitemporal placement and resulted in less cognitive impairment. A study of the two placements with more cognitive measures is indicated.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/terapia , Terapia Electroconvulsiva/métodos , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiología , Lateralidad Funcional/fisiología , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Trastorno Bipolar/terapia , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The authors tested the hypothesis that religious variables, such as a person's belief that his/her illness was God's will, would predict psychosocial adjustment in 50 patients who were predominantly Catholic Hispanic women attending a medical oncology clinic (42 women, 8 men). The patients were free of an Axis I mental disorder, cognitive impairment, and severe pain and were not undergoing intensive chemotherapy. By using the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale as the outcome measure, the authors found few associations with religious variables, but many to clinical variables.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Neoplasias/psicología , Religión y Psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/etnología , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to replicate reports of a high rate of dissociative identity disorder in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Subjects were 100 randomly selected women, 16-50 years old, who had recently been admitted to an acute psychiatric hospital. Diagnoses were made by two interviewers through use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders. RESULTS: One percent (N = 1) of the interviewed subjects had dissociative identity disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous studies, the authors found a low rate of dissociative identity disorder, perhaps because of the different methodology used.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Disociativos/epidemiología , Hospitalización , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Trastornos Disociativos/diagnóstico , Femenino , Hospitales Psiquiátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , New York/epidemiología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , MuestreoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the efficacy of lithium carbonate for treating conduct disorder in adolescents. METHOD: The subjects were 33 inpatients aged 12-17 years. Lithium or placebo was administered in a double-blind fashion for 2 weeks. RESULTS: On several measures of clinical change the groups showed no significant differences. Of the patients who completed the study, 8.3% of those receiving placebo (one of 12) versus 21.4% (three of 14) of those receiving lithium were considered responders. CONCLUSIONS: Lithium does not appear beneficial for this indication.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbonato de Litio/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Agresión/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Masculino , Placebos , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/administración & dosificación , 1-Naftilamina/administración & dosificación , 1-Naftilamina/análogos & derivados , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Esquema de Medicación , Fluoxetina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Paroxetina/administración & dosificación , Sertralina , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
1-Naftilamina/análogos & derivados , Trastornos de Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno Depresivo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas/epidemiología , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/uso terapéutico , 1-Naftilamina/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Humanos , Trastorno de Pánico/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno de Pánico/epidemiología , Prevalencia , SertralinaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We compared three doses of a neuroleptic as a treatment for mania. METHOD: Forty-seven newly admitted in-patients with mania were randomised to receive 10, 30, or 80 mg a day of oral haloperidol, under double-blind conditions for up to six weeks. All subjects received prophylactic benztropine. RESULTS: Repeated-measures analysis of variance and survival analysis showed no difference in outcome by the different doses. Excluding drop-outs (38%), most of whom left the study during the first two weeks, 72% of the subjects responded. Side-effects were minimal; there were no differences among the three doses. Non-responders received more adjunctive lorazepam than responders. CONCLUSIONS: The limited data suggest that more than 10 mg a day of haloperidol offers no advantage in mania.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Haloperidol/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Método Doble Ciego , Discinesia Inducida por Medicamentos/etiología , Femenino , Haloperidol/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Examen Neurológico/efectos de los fármacos , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Haloperidol levels in blood were measured in 55 acutely psychotic inpatients with schizophrenia, who were randomly assigned to three fixed doses of oral haloperidol. Nineteen of these subjects received 10 mg/day, 18 received 30 mg/day, and 18 of them received 80 mg/day. All of the subjects were treated under double-blind conditions for 6 weeks or until remission. Haloperidol and reduced haloperidol levels were measured in plasma and red blood cells at the end of 2, 4, and 6 weeks of treatment. There were statistically significant linear correlations between the dose of haloperidol and levels in blood. An examination of data for linear and curvilinear relationships between levels in blood and clinical response did not yield any statistically significant relations. The data did not support the concept of a "therapeutic window." The ratio of reduced haloperidol to haloperidol levels in plasma or red blood cells did not yield any statistically significant correlations to clinical outcome.