RESUMEN
At three institutions, 71 humeral intramedullary nails were inserted into the shoulder; 67 were reviewed at 6 months and at completion of treatment. Fifty-one utilized the anterior acromial approach and 16 were inserted lateral to the acromion. Shoulder motion was rated as: excellent (asymptomatic and within 15 degrees of normal); good (normal daily function within normal motion); and poor. Nails were also inserted into the humeral diaphysis of eight cadaver shoulders. Fifty-one nails were inserted via the anterior acromial incision; 48 were graded as excellent, one as good, and two with traumatic axillary neuropathy and reflex sympathetic dystrophy as poor: Sixteen nails were inserted lateral to the acromion; 8 were rated, 7 good, and 1 poor. Motion returned in an average of 17 weeks (range:0-29). The greatest clinical concern is not ultimate shoulder function, but the rate of return. The authors conclude that either the anterior acromial approach or an extraarticular entry portal must be utilized for antegrade humeral diaphyseal nailing.
Asunto(s)
Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas del Hombro/cirugía , Acromion , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
From January 1982 through December 1988, 150 patients with 153 Winquist Class III and IV comminuted diaphyseal femur fractures due to high energy blunt trauma were treated with immediate plate fixation. A total of 260 major general surgical systems were injured in 150 patients. Forty-nine patients did not have adequate preoperative spine radiographs due to positioning or time factors. Nineteen patients had spine fractures; nine were diagnosed post-femoral fixation. The average injury severity score (ISS) was 22.7. Three patients died (2%). Our institution predicted mortality with this ISS for patients without pelvic or femur fractures at 15% (P = .0003). Six patients moved to other states and three were lost to follow up due to noncompliance. One of us reviewed 141 fractures in 138 patients at a minimum of 12 months follow up and completion of treatment. Forty-nine fractures were open; 8 grade I, 25 grade II, 10 grade IIIA, 4 IIIB, 2 IIIC. A total of 153 pelvic or ipsilateral major orthopedic injuries were present in 141 fractures. An additional 188 major associated orthopedic injuries were noted. The average time to union was 17.2 weeks. One plate was applied in 11 degrees of varus. Five plates failed from fatigue and five from repeat traumas. Seven plate failures were rodded and healed within 8 weeks. There was one persistent nonunion. One fracture, open IIIC, became infected after uniting. One patient has 110 degrees of knee motion and 140 fractures have greater than 130 degrees of knee motion. Plate fixation is a safe technique for immediate femoral stabilization in the face of high energy blunt trauma. Failures occur late and are easy to reconstruct. Intramedullary nails are the preferred method of reconstruction. Ultimate knee function is excellent. Infection rates (1/49) in open fractures are acceptably low.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas del Fémur/cirugía , Fijación Intramedular de Fracturas/métodos , Traumatismo Múltiple/cirugía , Adulto , Clavos Ortopédicos , Fracturas del Fémur/complicaciones , Fracturas del Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Fémur/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Puntaje de Gravedad del Traumatismo , Radiografía , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Heridas no Penetrantes/cirugíaRESUMEN
Forty-two humeral diaphyseal fractures in 41 patients were treated at three centers between April 1988 and November 1989. There were 28 acute fractures; four were open. Average time to union was 8 weeks. There were no infections. Six patients with seven pathologic fractures due to metastatic disease died during the course of this study, but the nail had allowed them to be functional with minimal surgical dissection. Five of six nonunions united with one procedure. There was one residual nonunion in a patient with a wide canal and an arthrodesed shoulder above the nonunion. There were three preoperative radial and two preoperative axillary nerve palsies, and no iatrogenic nerve palsies. In all patients with anterior deltoid incisions, shoulder motion returned reliably, but took as long as 6 months. Four rods were left prominent in the rotator cuff and the patients had symptoms of impingement until rod removal. Six patients had restricted shoulder function, one due to a fracture of the humeral head and five from a lateral deltoid incision. This incision was used in 12 cases. There were no stiff shoulders when using an anterior deltoid incision.