RESUMEN

Anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) of the knee is a severe traumatic injury that greatly decreases the function and sometimes leaves very important sequelae for the young patient so surgery for ligament reconstruction is the suitable treatment, there are several techniques for the elaboration of tunnels with difference in the portals, the methods of fixation and the different grafts used and each one of the authors defend their techniques giving their advantages and disadvantages and possible complications associated. The objective of this study was to assess the advantages or not of two approaches to the femoral side for the passage of the graft or implants. Material and methods: Two similar groups in this observational, transversal, retrospective and analytical study in patients operated by the same surgeon and assistants. In a period of time of three year, 80 patients were operated, 42 of them by medial portal and 38 of them via trans tibial. Results: The male sex in both groups was the predominant one, the parameters of ease were assessed to observe the passage of the tendon or graft, the passage of the femoral implant, the ease of the implant grip, the tension of the same and the operative time in both groups. The result was conclusive being an p 0.06 contemplating the best result in patients operated by medial portal.

La lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) de la rodilla es una lesión traumática severa que disminuye enormemente la función y en ocasiones deja secuelas muy importantes para el paciente joven, por lo que la cirugía para la reconstrucción del ligamento es el tratamiento idóneo. Existen varias técnicas para la elaboración de túneles con diferencia en los portales, los métodos de fijación y los diferentes injertos que se usan; cada uno de los autores defiende sus técnicas señalando sus ventajas y desventajas y posibles complicaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar las ventajas de dos métodos de abordaje a nivel femoral para el paso del injerto o implantes. Material y métodos: Estudio de dos grupos similares, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo y analítico en pacientes operados por el mismo grupo quirúrgico. Durante tres años se operaron 80 pacientes, 42 de ellos por portal medial y 38 por vía transtibial. Resultados: El sexo masculino predominó en ambos grupos, se valoraron los parámetros de facilidad para observar el paso del tendón o injerto, el paso del implante femoral, la facilidad del agarre del implante, la tensión del mismo y el tiempo quirúrgico en ambos grupos. El resultado fue concluyente siendo un p 0.06 contemplando el mejor resultado en los pacientes operados por portal medial.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Lipoma is a tumor of adipose tissue cells that can develop in any part of the body; We present the case of an 86-year-old woman with a lesion of the left thigh as well as her diagnostic approach, specific surgical treatment and histopathological analysis. Three years after its resection, the function of the lower extremity was preserved.

El lipoma es un tumor de células de tejido adiposo que se puede desarrollar en cualquier parte del cuerpo; presentamos el caso de una mujer de 86 años con una lesión del muslo izquierdo, así como su abordaje diagnóstico, tratamiento quirúrgico específico y análisis histopatológico. A tres años de su resección, se conserva la función de la extremidad inferior.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Recent advances in neurobiology have emphasized the study of brain structure and function and its association with numerous pathological and toxicological events. Neurotransmitters are substances that relay, amplify, and modulate electrical signals between neurons and other cells. Neurotransmitter signaling mediates rapid intercellular communication by interacting with cell surface receptors, activating second messenger systems and regulating the activity of ion channels. Changes in the functional balance of neurotransmitters have been implicated in the failure of central nervous system function. In addition, abnormalities in neurotransmitter production or functioning can be induced by several toxicological compounds, many of which are found in the environment. The zebrafish has been increasingly used as an animal model for biomedical research, primarily due to its genetic tractability and ease of maintenance. These features make this species a versatile tool for pre-clinical drug discovery and toxicological investigations. Here, we present a review regarding the role of different excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish, such as dopaminergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic, purinergic, histaminergic, nitrergic, glutamatergic, glycinergic, and GABAergic systems, and emphasizing their features as pharmacological and toxicological targets. The increase in the global knowledge of neurotransmitter systems in zebrafish and the elucidation of their pharmacological and toxicological aspects may lead to new strategies and appropriate research priorities to offer insights for biomedical and environmental research.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Ethanol (EtOH) is a drug widely consumed throughout the world that promotes several neurochemical disorders. Its deleterious effects are generally associated with modifications in oxidative stress parameters, signaling transduction pathways, and neurotransmitter systems, leading to distinct behavioral changes. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a ß-amino acid not incorporated into proteins found in mM range in the central nervous system (CNS). The actions of taurine as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and antioxidant make it attractive for studying a potential protective role against EtOH-mediated neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether acute taurine cotreatment or pretreatment (1 h) prevent EtOH-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and in oxidative stress parameters in zebrafish brain. The results showed that EtOH exposure (1% in volume) during 1 h increased AChE activity, whereas the cotreatment with 400 mg·L(-1) taurine prevented this enhancement. A similar protective effect of 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine was also observed when the animals were pretreated with this amino acid. Taurine treatments also prevented the alterations promoted in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by EtOH, suggesting a modulatory role in enzymatic antioxidant defenses. The pretreatment with 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine significantly increased the sulfydryl levels as compared to control and EtOH groups. Moreover, 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels, but the cotreatment with EtOH plus 400 mg·L(-1) taurine did not prevent the EtOH-induced lipoperoxidation. In contrast, the pretreatment with 150 and 400 mg·L(-1) taurine prevented the TBARS increase besides decreased the basal levels of lipid peroxides. Altogether, our data showed for the first time that EtOH induced oxidative stress in adult zebrafish brain and reinforce the idea that this vertebrate is an attractive alternative model to evaluate the beneficial effect of taurine against acute EtOH exposure.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PHT), and gabapentine (GBP) are classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that act through a variety of mechanisms. We have tested the in vitro effects of CBZ, PHT, and GBP at different concentrations on ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities in zebrafish brain. CBZ inhibited ATP hydrolysis at 1000 microM (32%) whereas acetylcholine hydrolysis decreased at 500 microM (25.2%) and 1000 microM (38.7%). PHT increased AMP hydrolysis both at 500 microM (65%) and 1000 microM (64.8%). GBP did not promote any significant changes on ectonucleotidase and acetylcholinesterase activities. These results have shown that CBZ can reduce NTPDase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) and PHT enhance ecto 5'-nucleotidase activities. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that the AEDs induced-effects on ectonucleotidases are related to enzyme anchorage form. Our findings have also shown that high CBZ concentrations inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity, which can induce an increase of acetylcholine levels. Taken together, these results showed a complex interaction among AEDs, purinergic, and cholinergic systems, providing a better understanding of the AEDs pharmacodynamics.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La condromalacia patelar tiene una alta incidencia en México. Debido a que el tratamiento de sus grados avanzados es quirúrgico, se sugiere su realización a través de artroscopía, para lo que se propone una guía en forma de "C" para realizar perforaciones tipo Pridie con un amplio margen de exactitud y seguridad. En esta comunicación se presenta la experiencia obtenida con el uso de la guía en el tratamiento de 55 pacientes con condromalacia patelar

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is likely the result of immune complex mechanisms. The current theories in search of the streptococcal antigen responsible for the initiation of the disease are reviewed. The finding of an extracellular protein unique to streptococci isolated from patients with APSGN and its possible role in the pathogenesis of this disease is presented.

Asunto(s)