RESUMEN
Realizou-se uma série de biópsias cardíacas em cães para testar o acesso toracoscópico, utilizando-se oito cães sem raça definida, sob condições de manejo e alimentação adequados. A abordagem à cavidade torácica foi feita por meio de cirurgia torácica videoassistida e o instrumental utilizado para remoção do fragmento de miocárdio foi o convencional em lugar das pinças de videocirurgia. A eficácia do procedimento foi confirmada pelo tempo decorrido entre as incisões, a execução da biópsia e a sutura do tórax, com duração média de 15 minutos. A cirurgia torácica videoassistida para biópsias cardíacas foi considerada segura e adequada, minimizando o desconforto pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos ao acesso torácico.
In order to evaluate the thoracoscopy access, biopsies were carried out in eight mongrel dogs maintained under appropriate conditions of handling and feeding. The patients were prepared to aseptic and atraumatic surgery approaching the thoracic cavity by means of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). Myocardial biopsies were carried out with conventional surgical instruments as an alternative to the clamps of video surgery. The effectiveness of the procedure was confirmed by mean time (15 minutes) elapsed from thoracic approach and biopsies obtainment to thoracic wall suture. VATS is a secure and appropriate technique to carry out myocardial biopsies that minimize postoperative discomfort in patients submitted to thoracic approach.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Biopsia , Cirugía Torácica/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Cirugía Torácica Asistida por Video , Cicatriz , Miocardio/patología , Tórax/patologíaRESUMEN
Sodium tungstate has been found to correct hyperglycemia in insulin- and noninsulin-dependent models of diabetes when administered in drinking fluid with a low degree of toxicity; thus, it provides a potential treatment for diabetes. In the present report, pharmacokinetic studies with sodium tungstate were carried out in the Sprague-Dawley rat and beagle dog. This drug was administered either i.v. (8.97 mg/kg in rat; 25 and 50 mg/kg in dog) or orally in the form of solution (35.9 and 107.7 mg/kg in rat; 25 and 50 mg/kg in dog). Tungsten was quantified using an inductively coupled plasma method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a population approach. Sodium tungstate followed first order kinetics, and plasma concentration-versus-time data were adequately described by a two-compartment model. In rat, bioavailability was high (92%), whereas it was lower in dog (approximately 65%). The total volume of distribution expressed by unit of body weight was much higher when the animal was smaller (0.46 l/kg in rat versus 0.23 l/kg in dog). The total body clearance normalized by weight, 0.19 l/h/kg in rat versus 0.043 l/h/kg in dog, changed as for the volume of distribution. The elimination half-life was two times higher in dog (approximately 4 h) than in rat (approximately 1.7 h). In the range of 35.9 to 107.7 mg/kg after oral administration in rat and 25 to 50 mg/kg after oral and i.v. administration in dog, tungsten plasma concentrations increased in proportion to dose.