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Introducción. Conocer las características epidemiológicas (CE) de una población resulta primordial para la definición de estrategias sanitarias. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características de pacientes críticos ingresados al sector reanimación (SR). Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital de tercer nivel entre 2/7/2018 y 1/7/2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes ingresados a SR. Se registró edad, sexo, motivo de ingreso, condición crónica, procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos efectuados. Los datos fueron obtenidos del libro de registro y la historia clínica informatizada, y analizados con software Redcap Versión 8.9.2. Las variables categóricas se expresaron como frecuencias y porcentajes y las continuas con mediana y rango intercuartílico. Resultados. Ingresaron 2292 pacientes. El 94% fueron menores de 16 años. El 56,5% presentaba condiciones crónicas (CC), siendo más frecuentes las enfermedades neurológicas (29%), endocrino/metabólicas (15,5%) y cardiovasculares (11%). Los motivos de ingreso más habituales: enfermedad respiratoria aguda baja (31%), estado epiléptico (13%), sepsis (13%) y deshidratación grave (7%). Estudios complementarios más utilizados: laboratorio (54%), radiografía (28%), hemocultivos (23%). Los procedimientos realizados con más frecuencia fueron la colocación de acceso venoso periférico (67%), cánula nasal de alto flujo (6%) y ventilación mecánica (5%). Las drogas más indicadas: oxígeno (42%), fluidos (34%), antibióticos (22%). El 14% ingresó a cuidados intensivos. Hubo 11 paros cardiorrespiratorios y 6 óbitos. Conclusiones. En el SR se asisten pacientes críticos con patologías de alta prevalencia como también pacientes con enfermedades crónicas complejas. La evaluación periódica de CE resulta una herramienta fundamental para detectar dificultades y elaborar estrategias de mejora (AU)

Introduction. Knowledge on the epidemiological characteristics (EC) of a population is essential to define healthcare strategies. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of critical patients admitted to the resuscitation unit (RU). Materials and methods. A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at an emergency department of a third-level hospital between 2/7/2018 and 1/7/2019. All patients admitted to the RU were included. Age, sex, reason for admission, underlying disease, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed were recorded. The data were obtained from the logbook and electronic records, and analyzed using Redcap software Version 8.9.2. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables as median and interquartile range. Results. 2292 patients were admitted; 94% were younger than 16 years of age. Overall, 56.5% had underlying diseases (UD), the most common of which were neurological (29%), endocrine/metabolic (15.5%), and cardiovascular (11%) disorders. The most common reasons for admission were acute lower respiratory tract disease (31%), status epilepticus (13%), sepsis (13%), and severe dehydration (7%). The most frequently used complementary studies were laboratory tests (54%), x-rays (28%), and hemocultures (23%). The most frequently performed procedures were peripheral venous line (67%), high-flow nasal cannula (6%), and mechanical ventilation (5%) placement. The most frequently indicated medications were oxygen (42%), fluids (34%), and antibiotics (22%). Overall, 14% required admission to the intensive care unit. There were 11 cardiorespiratory arrests and six deaths. Conclusions. Critical patients with highly prevalent diseases as well as patients with complex underlying diseases are seen at the RU. Periodic EC evaluation is a key tool for detecting difficulties and developing improvement strategies (AU)

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INTRODUCTION: The prone sleeping position has been identified as the main risk factor for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess the prevalence of the different sleeping positions of infants, between 1 and 6 months, who attended the immunizations office of the "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires" during a ten year period. During this time an important educational intervention, called "Project Link" was developed. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical, prospective study was developed. The recommended position (RP) was the supine position,as well as the side position, to place infants to sleep. Mothers were advised to avoid the prone position or a non-recommended position (NRP). RESULTS: A hundred completed questionnaires were obtained each year in 1996, 1998-2001, 2004 and 2006. The percentage of mothers who placed their infants in sleep supine was 49 % in 1996 vs. 90 % in 2006 (p = 0.0001). The accomplishment of the RP was divided in two periods: 1996-1998 (59 %) and 1999-2006 (88 %), p = 0.0002. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the infant prone sleeping position reduced gradually in the studied population. Nevertheless, it is imperative to emphasize the benefits of the RP, because only during 1999 and 2004 was the percentage of prone position less than 10 %, as in developed countries.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this trial was to evaluate distinct indictors of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis in Santa Ines ewes. The physical examination and the dark bottom cup test were performed. Afterwards, the bacteriologic samples of 390 milk samples were analyzed. The samples were divided according to the bacteriological examination and the dark cup bottom test, resulting in 290 samples negative in both tests, 90 samples positive in the bacteriological examination and negative in the dark cup bottom test, 5 samples positive in the dark cup bottom test and negative in bacteriological culture, and 3 samples positive in both tests. The automatic somatic cell count (SSC), the California mastitis test (CMT), the pH, the chloride and lactose content, and the chloride-lactose number were established. Then, their predictive value as a indicator of inflammation was calculated assuming the bacteriologic examination as the gold standard test. The CCS, CMT and chloride content proved to be the best predictors, while the pH, the lactose content and chloride-lactose number were the least sensitive tests. The physical examination was revealed to be a nonsensitive diagnostic procedure when used as the only procedure to detect the disease, showing that other diagnostics tests are required.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar diferentes indicadores inflamatórios no diagnóstico da mamite em ovinos da raça Santa Inês. Após a realização do exame físico das mamas e a prova de fundo escuro, foram coletadas e analisadas 390 amostras de leite, sendo as metades mamárias divididas de acordo com o exame bacteriológico e a prova de fundo escuro, resultando em 290 amostras negativas em ambos os exames, 90 amostras negativas à prova de fundo escuro e positivas na cultura bacteriológica, 5 amostras positivas à prova de fundo escuro e negativas ao exame bacteriológico e 3 amostras positivas em ambos os testes. Nestas amostras foram realizadas a contagem automática de células somáticas (CCS), o California Mastitis Test (CMT), a determinação da concentração hidrogeniônica (pH) e dos teores de cloreto e lactose, e ainda a avaliação do índice de cloreto-lactose. Os maiores valores preditivos foram observados para a CCS, CMT e teor de cloreto; o pH, o teor de lactose e o índice cloreto-lactose apresentaram-se como marcadores inflamatórios menos sensíveis, onde se considerou o resultado da cultura bacteriológica como padrão ouro. O exame físico não se mostrou como método diagnóstico seguro quando utilizado isoladamente, exaltando a importância da associação de outros meios diagnósticos indiretos.