RESUMEN
The aim of the study was to analyze epidemiological and microbiological aspects of oral colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus of health care workers in a cancer hospital. Interview and saliva sampling were performed with 149 health care workers. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration. Polymerase Chain Reaction, Internal Transcribed Spacer-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed for genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Risk factors were determined by logistic regression. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus colonization prevalence was 19.5%, denture wearing (p = 0.03), habit of nail biting (p = 0.04) and preparation and administration of antimicrobial (p = 0.04) were risk factors identified. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were S. epidermidis, 94.4% of them had mecA gene. Closely related and indistinguishable methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis were detected. These results highlight that HCWs which have contact with patient at high risk for developing infections were identified as colonized by MRSE in the oral cavity, reinforcing this cavity as a reservoir of these bacteria and the risk to themselves and patients safety, because these microorganisms may be spread by coughing and talking.
Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Personal de Salud , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Instituciones Oncológicas , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genotipo , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Boca/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Saliva/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/clasificación , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genética , Staphylococcus epidermidis/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to analyze epidemiological and microbiological aspects of oral colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus of health care workers in a cancer hospital. Interview and saliva sampling were performed with 149 health care workers. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration. Polymerase Chain Reaction, Internal Transcribed Spacer-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed for genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Risk factors were determined by logistic regression. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus colonization prevalence was 19.5%, denture wearing (p = 0.03), habit of nail biting (p = 0.04) and preparation and administration of antimicrobial (p = 0.04) were risk factors identified. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were S. epidermidis, 94.4% of them had mecA gene. Closely related and indistinguishable methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis were detected. These results highlight that HCWs which have contact with patient at high risk for developing infections were identified as colonized by MRSE in the oral cavity, reinforcing this cavity as a reservoir of these bacteria and the risk to themselves and patients safety, because these microorganisms may be spread by coughing and talking.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Personal de Salud , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Instituciones Oncológicas , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genotipo , Entrevistas como Asunto , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Boca/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Saliva/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/clasificación , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genética , Staphylococcus epidermidis/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The aim of the study was to analyze epidemiological and microbiological aspects of oral colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus of health care workers in a cancer hospital. Interview and saliva sampling were performed with 149 health care workers. Antimicrobial resistance was determined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration. Polymerase Chain Reaction, Internal Transcribed Spacer-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis were performed for genotypic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus. Risk factors were determined by logistic regression. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus colonization prevalence was 19.5%, denture wearing (p = 0.03), habit of nail biting (p = 0.04) and preparation and administration of antimicrobial (p = 0.04) were risk factors identified. All methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus were S. epidermidis, 94.4% of them had mecA gene. Closely related and indistinguishable methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis were detected. These results highlight that HCWs which have contact with patient at high risk for developing infections were identified as colonized by MRSE in the oral cavity, reinforcing this cavity as a reservoir of these bacteria and the risk to themselves and patients safety, because these microorganisms may be spread by coughing and talking.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Portador Sano/epidemiología , Portador Sano/microbiología , Personal de Salud , Resistencia a la Meticilina , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado , Entrevistas como Asunto , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Saliva/microbiología , Staphylococcus epidermidis/clasificaciónRESUMEN
As unidades de terapia intensiva são consideradas áreas críticas de um hospital, pois oferecem risco para infecções. O ambiente destas unidades representa um potencial reservatório de micro-organismos patogênicos, os quais podem ser veiculados a hospedeiros suscetíveis como recém-nascidos e crianças. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa em equipamentos e superfícies de unidades de terapia intensiva de uma maternidade pública de Goiânia, Goiás. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três unidades, sendo duas pediátricas e uma neonatal. A coleta das amostras ocorreu no período de setembro de 2011 a julho de 2012. Foram avaliados 93 materiais, sendo 48 equipamentos e 45 superfícies. O procedimento de coleta das amostras foi realizado com a utilização de swab, o qual foi introduzido em meios de cultura específicos. Os isolados bacterianos foram identificados mediante análises microscópicas, macroscópicas e testes bioquímicos. Dentre os materiais analisados, 62 (66,7 por cento) estavam contaminadas por Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, sendo 32 (66,7 por cento) equipamentos e 30 superfícies (66,7 por cento). As incubadoras (90,9 por cento) e as bancadas (88,9 por cento) foram os materiais mais frequentemente contaminados. Foi isolado um total de 65 bactérias. Alguns materiais (n=3) apresentaram contaminação concomitante por duas cepas bacterianas fenotipicamente diferentes. Neste estudo, os equipamentos e superfícies investigados foram identificados como focos de contato de Staphylococcus coagulase negativa, apresentando risco para a transmissão destes micro-organismos a recém-nascidos e crianças hospitalizadas. A adoção de procedimentos de descontaminação mais efetivos é necessária para o controle da disseminação desta bactéria no ambiente hospitalar...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Recién Nacido , Contaminación de Equipos/estadística & datos numéricos , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia SanitariaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A-H. We evaluated the distribution HBV genotypes among patients with chronic infection. METHODS: We consecutively evaluated adult patients with chronic HBV infection from Salvador, Brazil. Patients were classified according to HBV infection chronic phases based on HBV-DNA levels and presence of serum HBV markers. HBV-DNA was qualitatively and quantitatively detected in serum by polymerised chain reaction (PCR). Isolates were genotyped by comparison of amino acid mutations and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: One-hundred and fourteen patients were evaluated. HBV-DNA was positive in 96 samples. HBV genotype was done in 76. Mean age was 36 +/- 11.3. In 61 of 76 cases subjects were classified as inactive HBsAg carriers. Their mean HBV serum level was 1760 copies/ml and 53 of 61 were infected with HBV genotype A, seven with HBV genotype F and one with genotype B. Twelve of the 76 patients had detectable hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) in serum. Ten were infected with HBV genotype A and two with genotype F; most had increased alanine aminotransferase and high HBV-DNA levels. Three patients were in the immunotolerant phase, two were infected with HBV genotype A and one with genotype F. HBV subtyping showed subtypes adw2 and adw4. CONCLUSIONS: HBV genotype A adw2 and genotype F adw4 were the most prevalent isolates found. We could not find differences in genotype distribution according to HBV clinical phases and DNA levels. We did not detect HBV genotype D in contrast to a previous study in our center with acute hepatitis B. All inactive HBsAg carriers had low HBV-DNA levels.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Hepatitis B/genética , Hepatitis B Crónica/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Brasil , ADN Viral/sangre , ADN Viral/genética , Femenino , Genes Virales , Genotipo , Virus de la Hepatitis B/clasificación , Virus de la Hepatitis B/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Proteínas Virales/genéticaRESUMEN
A 'visao darwiniana da vida' e problematizada. O adaptacionismo, sob o prisma do principio de selecao natural, pressupoe uma concepcao do 'vivo' como um produto de sua relacao com meio, cujo papel e determinante para a vida. Este principio e questionado cientifica e filosoficamente. Algumas implicacoes epistemologico-filosoficas sao indicadas.
Asunto(s)
Vida , Adaptación a Desastres , Selección Genética , Conocimiento , Vida , Adaptación a Desastres , Selección Genética , ConocimientoRESUMEN
O fibroadenoma intracanalicular hipercelular é um raro tumor fibroepitelial da mama, que, apesar de passados 150 anos desde sua primeira descriçäo, continua provocando debates em torno de sua denominaçäo, diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico. Neste trabalho, relatamos cinco casos diagnosticados no setor de Mastologia do Serviço de Ginecologia do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, analisando-os quanto à clínica, epidemiologia, terapêutica e prognóstico