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A new species of Hypostomus with spoon-shaped teeth is described from the Rio Cupari basin, a right margin affluent of the lower Rio Tapajós, Pará State, Brazil. The new species inhabits rocky bottom areas in the main channel of Rio Cupari and its tributaries. The new species can be distinguished from all its congeners, except from the Hypostomus cochliodon group, by having six to eight spoon-shaped teeth, dentaries angled at less than 80° and the absence of a notch between the hyomandibular and the metapterygoid. The new species is distinguished from all species of the H. cochliodon group by its unique colour pattern, containing dark vermiculations on head and anterior portion of the trunk, and by the absence of medial buccal papillae.

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The Amazon Basin is an unquestionable biodiversity hotspot, containing the highest freshwater biodiversity on earth and facing off a recent increase in anthropogenic threats. The current knowledge on the spatial distribution of the freshwater fish species is greatly deficient in this basin, preventing a comprehensive understanding of this hyper-diverse ecosystem as a whole. Filling this gap was the priority of a transnational collaborative project, i.e. the AmazonFish project - https://www.amazon-fish.com/. Relying on the outputs of this project, we provide the most complete fish species distribution records covering the whole Amazon drainage. The database, including 2,406 validated freshwater native fish species, 232,936 georeferenced records, results from an extensive survey of species distribution including 590 different sources (e.g. published articles, grey literature, online biodiversity databases and scientific collections from museums and universities worldwide) and field expeditions conducted during the project. This database, delivered at both georeferenced localities (21,500 localities) and sub-drainages grains (144 units), represents a highly valuable source of information for further studies on freshwater fish biodiversity, biogeography and conservation.

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Three new species of Siluriformes from the rio Tocantins drainage of Brazil are placed in the genus Pimelodus, P. stewarti, P. joannis, and P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous differs from the sympatric P. joannis and P. stewarti by the number of premaxillary tooth rows (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis differs from P. stewarti by the presence of two dark blotches on the base of the caudal fin. The three new species differ from all other species of Pimelodus by the possession of a uniform gray coloration along flanks; the relatively short distance between the posterior nostril and the anterior orbital border; a short maxillary barbel, that only slightly surpasses the caudal-fin base.

Três espécies novas de Siluriformes da bacia do rio Tocantins são alocadas no gênero Pimelodus: P. stewarti, P. joannis e P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous difere das espécies simpátricas P. joannis e P. stewarti pelo número de fileiras de dentes do pré-maxilar (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis difere de P. stewarti pela presença de duas manchas negras na base na nadadeira caudal. As três novas espécies diferem das demais espécies de Pimelodus pela coloração cinza uniforme ao longo dos flancos; curta distância entre a narina posterior e a margem anterior da orbita; e barbilhões maxilares curtos, ultrapassando levemente a base da nadadeira caudal.

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RESUMEN

Three new species of Siluriformes from the rio Tocantins drainage of Brazil are placed in the genus Pimelodus, P. stewarti, P. joannis, and P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous differs from the sympatric P. joannis and P. stewarti by the number of premaxillary tooth rows (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis differs from P. stewarti by the presence of two dark blotches on the base of the caudal fin. The three new species differ from all other species of Pimelodus by the possession of a uniform gray coloration along flanks; the relatively short distance between the posterior nostril and the anterior orbital border; a short maxillary barbel, that only slightly surpasses the caudal-fin base.(AU)

Três espécies novas de Siluriformes da bacia do rio Tocantins são alocadas no gênero Pimelodus: P. stewarti, P. joannis e P. halisodous. Pimelodus halisodous difere das espécies simpátricas P. joannis e P. stewarti pelo número de fileiras de dentes do pré-maxilar (13-16 vs. 5-9). Pimelodus joannis difere de P. stewarti pela presença de duas manchas negras na base na nadadeira caudal. As três novas espécies diferem das demais espécies de Pimelodus pela coloração cinza uniforme ao longo dos flancos; curta distância entre a narina posterior e a margem anterior da orbita; e barbilhões maxilares curtos, ultrapassando levemente a base da nadadeira caudal.(AU)

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