RESUMEN

The study aimed to evaluate the antitumor and toxicogenetic effects of liposomal nanoformulations containing citrinin in animal breast carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). Mus musculus virgin females were divided into six groups treated with (1) olive oil (10 mL/kg); (2) 7,12-DMBA (6 mg/kg); (3) citrinin, CIT (2 mg/kg), (4) cyclophosphamide, CPA (25 mg/kg), (5) liposomal citrinin, LP-CIT (2 µg/kg), and (6) LP-CIT (6 µg/kg). Metabolic, behavioral, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and toxicogenetic tests were performed. DMBA and cyclophosphamide induced behavioral changes, not observed for free and liposomal citrinin. No hematological or biochemical changes were observed for LP-CIT. However, free citrinin reduced monocytes and caused hepatotoxicity. During treatment, significant differences were observed regarding the weight of the right and left breasts treated with DMBA compared to negative controls. Treatment with CPA, CIT, and LP-CIT reduced the weight of both breasts, with better results for liposomal citrinin. Furthermore, CPA, CIT, and LP-CIT presented genotoxic effects for tumor, blood, bone marrow, and liver cells, although less DNA damage was observed for LP-CIT compared to CIT and CPA. Healthy cell damage induced by LP-CIT was repaired during treatment, unlike CPA, which caused clastogenic effects. Thus, LP-CIT showed advantages for its use as a model of nanosystems for antitumor studies.

RESUMEN

Chicha gum is a natural polymer obtained from the Sterculia striata plant. The hydroxyl groups of its structure have a chemical affinity to form hydrogels, which favors the association with biologically active molecules, such as nerolidol. This association improves the biological properties and allows the material to be used in drug delivery systems. Chicha gum hydrogels associated with nerolidol were produced at two concentrations: 0.01 and 0.02 g mL-1. Then, the hydrogels were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and rheological analysis. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against Artemia salina. Finally, an in vivo healing assay was carried out. The infrared characterization indicated that interactions were formed during the gel reticulation. This implies the presence of nerolidol in the regions at 3100-3550 cm-1. The rheological properties changed with an increasing concentration of nerolidol, which resulted in less viscous materials. An antibacterial 83.6% growth inhibition effect was observed using the hydrogel with 0.02 g mL-1 nerolidol. The in vivo healing assay showed the practical activity of the hydrogels in the wound treatment, as the materials promoted efficient re-epithelialization. Therefore, it was concluded that the chicha hydrogels have the potential to be used as wound-healing products.

Asunto(s)

Sesquiterpenos , Sterculia , Sterculia/química , Hidrogeles/química , Antibacterianos/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier

RESUMEN

The present work aimed to characterize the exopolysaccharide obtained from water kefir grains (EPSwk), a symbiotic association of probiotic microorganisms. New findings of the technological, mechanical, and biological properties of the sample were studied. The EPSwk polymer presented an Mw of 6.35 × 105 Da. The biopolymer also showed microcrystalline structure and characteristic thermal stability with maximum thermal degradation at 250 °C. The analysis of the monosaccharides of the EPSwk by gas chromatography demonstrated that the material is composed of glucose units (98 mol%). Additionally, EPSwk exhibited excellent emulsifying properties, film-forming ability, a low photodegradation rate (3.8%), and good mucoadhesive properties (adhesion Fmax of 1.065 N). EPSwk presented cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of this study expand the potential application of the exopolysaccharide from water kefir as a potential clean-label raw material for pharmaceutical, biomedical, and cosmetic applications.

Asunto(s)

Kéfir , Probióticos , Antibacterianos , Biopolímeros , Escherichia coli , Kéfir/microbiología , Agua

RESUMEN

Wounds are considered a clinically critical issue, and effective treatment will decrease complications, prevent chronic wound formation, and allow rapid healing. The development of products based on naturally occurring materials is an efficient approach to wound healing. Natural polysaccharides can mimic the extracellular matrix and promote cell growth, thus making them attractive for wound healing. In this context, the aim of this work was to produce a gel based on chicha gum, chitosan, and Mauritia flexuosa oil (CGCHO) for wound treatment. TG and DTG analyzed the thermal behavior of the materials, and SEM investigated the surface roughness. The percentages of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidants were determined, presenting a value of 81.811 ± 7.257 µmol gallic acid/g Mauritia flexuosa oil, 57.915 ± 0.305 µmol quercetin/g Mauritia flexuosa oil, and 0.379 mg/mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory was determined, presenting a value of 10.35 ± 1.46% chicha gum, 16.86 ± 1.00% Mauritia flexuosa oil, 10.17 ± 1.05% CGCHO, and 15.53 ± 0.65% chitosan, respectively. The materials were tested against Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and a fungus (Candida albicans). The CGCHO formulation showed better antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, an in vivo wound healing study was also performed. After 21 days of treatment, the epidermal re-epithelialization process was observed. CGCHO showed good thermal stability and roughness that can help in cell growth and promote the tissue healing process. In addition to the good results observed for the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and providing wound healing, they provided the necessary support for the healing process, thus representing a new approach to the wound healing process.

RESUMEN

This study investigated the vitamin C content, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and the potential bioactivities (antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial activities, and inhibition capacity against N-nitrosation) of seven neglected and underutilized species (NUS): culantro (Eryngium foetidum), false roselle (Hibiscus acetosella), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), tree basil (Ocimum gratissimum), Barbados Gooseberry (Pereskia aculeata), purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Phenolic-rich extracts were obtained by a sequential optimization strategy (Plackett-Burman and Central Composite Design). O. gratissimum presented the highest TPC and X. sagittifolium the greater total vitamin C content. Overall, the plant extracts presented promising bioactive capacities, as scavenging capacity against HOCl, H2O2 and ROO• induced oxidation. P. oleracea demonstrated the highest cytostatic effect against ovarian and kidney tumor cells. O. gratissimum effectively inhibited S. Choleraesuis growth. Maximum inhibition on n-nitrosation was showed by O. gratissimum and E. foetidum. These results highlight the studied NUS as sources of potential health-promoting compounds.

Asunto(s)

Hibiscus , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Brasil , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta

RESUMEN

The buriti oil (Mauritia flexuosa L.) can be associated with polymeric matrices for biomedical applications. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan gel (CG) associated with buriti oil (CGB) as a healing agent. The fatty acids and volatile compounds composition of buriti oil were performed and the composite gels were characterized using FTIR and thermal analysis. Biological tests including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and healing effects were also investigated. Buriti oil is composed of oleic and palmitic acids, and the main volatile compounds were identified. The buriti oil did not show antimicrobial activity, on the other hand, the composite gel (chitosan and oil) proved to be efficient against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia at the 10 mg/mL. Similar behavior was observed for antioxidant activity, determined by the ß-carotene bleaching assay, composite gels presenting higher activity and buriti oil showed anti-inflammatory activity, which may be related to the inhibition of the release of free radicals. Regarding wound healing performed using in vivo testing, the composite gel (CGB) was found to promote faster and complete wound retraction. The results indicated that the gel chitosan-buriti oil has a set of properties that improve its antibacterial, antioxidant and healing action, suggesting that this material can be used to treat skin lesions.

RESUMEN

Jabuticaba has a high concentration of phenolic compounds, which have a significant antioxidant capacity. Methodologies have been developed to evaluate the ability of plant extracts to fight free radicals such as H2O2, O2•-, HOCl, ONOO- and ROO•. Thus, the capacity of deactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in peel and seed extracts of five varieties of jabuticaba was evaluated. Sabará peel (SFP) deactivated HOCl with IC50 9.24 µg. mL-1; Paulista seed (PF) deactivated O2•- with IC50 16.15 µg. mL-1; Coroada seed (CFP) deactivated ONOO- with IC50 3.84 µg. mL-1; the peel of CFP deactivated ONOO- with IC50 5.88 µg. mL-1; the peel of SFP deactivated the ROO• at 918.16 µmol TE. g-1; and Sabará seed deactivated H2O2 with 49.11% inhibition at a concentration of 125 µg. mL-1 of extract. These results demonstrate the high antioxidant potential of this fruit, indicating that it could be extremely beneficial to human health.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Myrtaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Frutas/química , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Semillas/química

RESUMEN

Chitosan is a natural polymer with antibacterial property, that is biodegradable, extremely abundant and non-toxic. This study aimed to develop and characterize chitosan hydrogels in combination with nerolidol, in order to optimize the antimicrobial and healing properties. The hydrogels were prepared using a reaction of the chitosan with acetic acid solution, followed by the addition of 2 or 4% of the nerolidol. Using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy, the incorporation of nerolidol in the hydrogel was confirmed. Direct contact tests using hydrogels and Staphylococcus aureus showed a synergistic effect in the materials, enabling total inhibition of bacterial growth. The hydrogel containing 2% nerolidol showed excellent healing effects. The beginning of re-epithelialization and reorganization of collagen was already observed on the 7th day of treatment. The material created proofed to be promising as a healing and antibacterial agent.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Hidrogeles , Sesquiterpenos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Femenino , Hidrogeles/química , Hidrogeles/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología

RESUMEN

Solanum diploconos is an unexploited Brazilian native fruit that belongs to the same genus of important food crops, such as tomato (Solanum lycorpersicum) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). In this study, we determined, for the first time, the profile of bioactive compounds (phenolic compounds, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and tocopherols) of the freeze-dried pulp and peel of Solanum diploconos fruits, as well as of an extract obtained from the whole fruit. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the whole fruit extract was evaluated in vitro, against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Eighteen phenolic compounds were identified in the peel and pulp and 6 compounds were found in the whole fruit extract. Coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acid derivatives were revealed to be the major phenolic constituents. All-trans-ß-carotene was the major carotenoid (17-38 µg g(-1), dry basis), but all-trans-lutein and 9-cis-ß-carotene were also identified. The peel and pulp presented <2 µg per mL of tocopherols, and ascorbic acid was not detected. The whole fruit extract exhibited scavenging capacity against all tested ROS and RNS (IC50 = 14-461 µg mL(-1)) with high antioxidant efficiency against HOCl. Thus, Solanum diploconos fruits may be seen as a promising source of bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential against the most physiologically relevant ROS and RNS.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/análisis , Frutas/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Solanum/química , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/genética , Brasil , Ácidos Cafeicos/análisis , Ácidos Cafeicos/química , Carotenoides/análisis , Carotenoides/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/análisis , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Ácido Hipocloroso , Luteína/análisis , Luteína/química , Óxido Nítrico , Ácido Peroxinitroso , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/química , Oxígeno Singlete , Superóxidos , Tocoferoles/análisis , Tocoferoles/química

RESUMEN

Among the large number of scientifically unstudied fruits from the Amazonia biome, Couepia bracteosa acts as an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which may be used for protecting human health against oxidative damage. For the first time, the phenolic compounds and carotenoids in extracts obtained from the pulp, shell and seeds of C. bracteosa fruits are reported, as well as their in vitro scavenging capacities against some reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The shell extract presented the highest phenolic compound and carotenoid contents (5540 and 328 µg per g extract, dry basis, respectively), followed by the pulp and seed extracts. The major phenolic compound was acacetin sulphate (one methoxy and two OH groups) (62%) in the shells; however, only seeds presented apigenin sulphate (three OH groups), in which it was the major compound (44%). The high content of apigenin sulphate may explain why the seed extract had the highest scavenging efficiency against all tested ROS/RNS among the studied extracts. Regarding carotenoids, all-trans-neochrome (17%) and all-trans-ß-carotene (16%) were the major carotenoids in the pulp extracts, while all-trans-lutein (44%) was the most prevalent in the shell extracts and all-trans-α-carotene (32%) and all-trans-ß-carotene (29%) were the major ones in the seed extracts.

Asunto(s)

Chrysobalanaceae/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Frutas/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/química , Semillas/química , Espectrometría de Masas , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Vismia cauliflora A.C.Sm. [Hypericaceae (Clusiaceae)] is an Amazonian plant traditionally used by indigenous population to treat dermatosis and inflammatory processes of the skin. Previous research on V. cauliflora extracts suggests its potential to neutralize cellular oxidative damages related to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. OBJECTIVE: To determine the activity of stem bark and flower extracts of V. cauliflora on the modulation of oxidative burst in human neutrophils, as well as its potential to inhibit oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The modulation of neutrophil's oxidative burst by the ethanolic extracts (0.3-1000 µg/mL) was determined by the oxidation of specific probes by reactive species. Additionally, the potential of these extracts to inhibit oxidative damage in human erythrocytes was evaluated by monitoring its biomarkers of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Vismia cauliflora extracts presented remarkable capacity to prevent the oxidative burst in activated human neutrophils (IC50 < 15 µg/mL). However, the maximum percentage of inhibition achieved against hydrogen peroxide was 45%. Concerning the oxidative damage in human erythrocytes, the extracts were able to minimize the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced hemoglobin oxidation and lipid peroxidation in a very low concentration range (2.7-18 µg/mL). Furthermore, only stem bark extract (100 µg/mL) was able to inhibit the depletion of glutathione (13%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results reinforce the therapeutic potential of stem bark and flower extracts of V. cauliflora to heal topical skin disease, namely in the treatment of neutrophil-related dermatosis and skin conditions related to oxidative stress, including skin aging.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Clusiaceae , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estallido Respiratorio/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Flores , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Tallos de la Planta , Estallido Respiratorio/fisiología

RESUMEN

Psidium cattleianum, an unexploited Brazilian native fruit, is considered a potential source of bioactive compounds. In the present study, the in vitro scavenging capacity of skin and pulp extracts from P. cattleianum fruits against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was evaluated by in vitro screening assays. Additionally, the composition of phenolic compounds and carotenoids in both extracts was determined by LC-MS/MS. The major phenolic compounds identified and quantified (dry matter) in the skin and pulp extracts of P. cattleianum were ellagic acid (2213-3818 µg/g extracts), ellagic acid deoxyhexoside (1475-2,070 µg/g extracts) and epicatechin gallate (885-1,603 µg/g extracts); while all-trans-lutein (2-10 µg/g extracts), all-trans-antheraxanthin (1.6-9 µg/g extracts) and all-trans-ß-carotene (4-6 µg/g extracts) were the major carotenoids identified in both extracts. P. cattleianum pulp extract showed higher scavenging capacity than skin extract for all tested ROS and RNS. Considering the potential beneficial effects to human health, P. cattleianum may be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and may be useful for the food and phytopharmaceutical industry.

Asunto(s)

Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Frutas/química , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Psidium/química , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/química , Antioxidantes , Técnicas In Vitro

RESUMEN

Atualmente a qualidade é considerada componente fundamental dos alimentos, assim como a segurança é componente indispensável à qualidade. Pode-se citar as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos alimentos como um dos mais importantes fatores que afetam a qualidade e segurança dos alimentos. O manipulador de alimentos relaciona-se diretamente com as condições higiênico-sanitárias do produto, podendo mesmo comprometer a qualidade desses alimentos durante as diferentes fases de elaboração. Por isso o objetivodeste trabalho foi treinar os 25 manipuladores de alimentos (merendeiras) das 9 escolas e 3 creches municipais da cidade de Iretama - Pr, avaliando posteriormente o aproveitamento do treinamento sobre boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos, através de questionário com questões objetivas e subjetivas e análise microbiológica das mãos para avaliação das condições de higiene pessoal. Realizou-se o teste microbiológico das mãos das merendeiras utilizando-se swabs estéreis, como descritos a seguir: Nutrilab E para Conta gem de Coliformes Totais e Contagem Total de Mesófilos e o Nutrilab S para Contagem de Staphylococcus aureus. Em novembro de 2008 aplicou-se um questionário com 25 questões objetivas e realizaram-se análises microbiológicas das mãos das merendeiras. Em dezembro de 2008 executou-se o treinamento sobre boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos e após o treinamento, aplicou-se um novo questionário com 25 perguntas objetivas e subjetivas para avaliação do aprendizado das merendeiras e, novamente, fez-se a análise microbiológica das mãos dessas profissionais utilizando-se a mesma técnica citada anteriormente. Analisando-se as questões aplicadas antes do treinamento, de forma geral, as merendeiras apresentaram noções básicas necessárias para a adequada manipulação de alimentos. [...](AU)

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Nowadays the quality is considered a fundamental component of food, as well as the safety componentis essential to quality. You can quote the sanitary-hygienic conditions of food as one of the most important factors that affect food quality and safety of them. The handler of food is directly related to the hygienicsanitary conditions of the product and may even compromise the quality of their food during the different stages of development. Therefore the objective of this work was the training of food twenty-five handlers (school lunch cooks) from 9 schools and 3 nurseries in the city of municipality of Iretama - Pr, after evaluating the use of training on best practices for handling of food, through a questionnaire with objective questions and subjective and microbiological analysis of the hands to evaluate the conditionsof personal hygiene. It was carried out the microbiological testing of the hands of school lunch cooks using the "swabs" sterile, as described below: Nutrilab And Counting of total coliforms and total count of mesophilic and Nutrilab S to count Staphylococcus aureus. In November 2008 a questionnaire was applied with 25 objective questions the the microbiological analysis of the hands was carried out in ali school lunch cooks. In December 2008 the training was performed on good practices in handling food and after training, was applied a new questionnaire with 25 questions for objective and subjective evaluation of the learning of school lunch cooks. The microbiological examination of the hands of professionals was done again using the same technique mentioned previously. Looking up the issues applied before the training. In general, the school lunch cooks showed basic notions necessary for the proper handling of food. […](AU)

Asunto(s)

Capacitación en Servicio , Manipulación de Alimentos , Guarderías Infantiles , Alimentación Escolar , Higiene Alimentaria , Buenas Prácticas de Manipulación , Brasil

RESUMEN

Atualmente a qualidade é considerada componente fundamental dos alimentos, assim como a segurança é componente indispensável à qualidade. O manipulador de alimentos relaciona-se diretamente com as condições higiênico-sanitarias do produto, podendo mesmo comprometer a qualidade desses alimentos durante as diferentes fases de elaboração. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi treinar os 25 manipuladores de alimentos (merendeiras) das 9 escolas e 3 creches municipais da cidade de Iretama – PR, avaliando posteriormente o aproveitamento do treinamento sobre boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos.

Asunto(s)

Alimentación Escolar , Guarderías Infantiles , Manipulación de Alimentos , Higiene Alimentaria , Capacitación en Servicio , Brasil , Buenas Prácticas de Manipulación

RESUMEN

A ocorrência de aflatoxinas B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) e G2 (AFG2), ocratoxina A (OA) e zearalenona (ZEA) foi avaliada em 121 amostras de alimentos à base de milho, que foram coletadas no comércio da cidade de Maringá, PR, Brasil, entre os meses de Janeiro/2002 a Fevereiro/2003. A cromatografia em camada delgada foi empregada para a determinacão das micotoxinas. As médias das recuperacões foram 106,6%, 109,4%, 106,6%, 109,4%, 101,8% e 101,7% para AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, OA e ZEA, respectivamente. Três amostras (2,5%) foram positivas para AFB1 (8 a 59 µg/kg), duas (1,7%) para AFB2 (2,4 µg/kg), uma (0,8%) para OA (64 µg/kg) e uma (0,8%) para ZEA (448 µg/kg). A maior freqüência de amostras positivas e também a mais alta concentracão de AFB1 foi encontrada nas amostras de pipoca (8,3%, 59 µg/kg). Os dados demonstraram uma baixa freqüência de micotoxinas em produtos à base de milho comercializados em Maringá, mas a Ingestão Diária Provável Média (IDPM) de AFB1 foi alta nos produtos analisados. Portanto, torna-se necessário a realizacão de uma vigilância ativa destas micotoxinas nestes produtos alimentícios, a fim de proporcionar seguranca à saúde da populacão brasileira.

Asunto(s)

Aflatoxinas , Producción de Alimentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Micotoxinas , Ocratoxinas , Zea mays , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Muestras de Alimentos , Métodos