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BACKGROUND: Flexibility is crucial to the harmonious execution of joint movements. While skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with HTLV-1 can interfere with mobility, it is unclear whether these patients experience reduced flexibility. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in flexibility between HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without myelopathy compared with uninfected controls. We also investigated whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, or lower back pain influence flexibility in HTLV-1-infected individuals. METHODS: The sample consisted of 56 adults, of which 15 did not have HTLV-1, 15 had HTLV-1 without myelopathy, and 26 had TSP/HAM. Their flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test and a pendulum fleximeter. RESULTS: No differences in flexibility were observed between the groups with and without myelopathy and controls without HTLV-1 infection using the sit-and-reach test. The pendulum fleximeter results of individuals with TSP/HAM presented the lowest flexibility among the groups with respect to trunk flexion, hip flexion and extension, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, level of physical activity, and lower back pain using multiple linear regression models. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced flexibility in movements: knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with TSP/HAM demonstrated reduced flexibility in most of the movements evaluated by the pendulum fleximeter. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced knee and ankle flexibility, potentially representing a marker of myelopathic development.

ANTECEDENTES: A flexibilidade é fundamental para a execução harmoniosa dos movimentos articulares. Embora a disfunção do músculo esquelético em pacientes com HTLV-1 possa interferir na mobilidade, não está claro se esses pacientes apresentam flexibilidade reduzida. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as diferenças de flexibilidade entre os indivíduos infectados com e sem mielopatia e o grupo controle sem infecção HTLV-1. Também investigamos se idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física ou dor lombar influenciam a flexibilidade em indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1. MéTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 56 adultos, dos quais 15 não possuíam HTLV-1, 15 possuíam HTLV-1 sem mielopatia e 26 possuíam TSP/HAM. A flexibilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar e do flexímetro de pêndulo. RESULTADOS: Não foram observadas diferenças na flexibilidade entre os grupos com e sem mielopatia no teste de sentar e alcançar. Os resultados do flexímetro pendular dos indivíduos com TSP/HAM apresentaram a menor flexibilidade entre os grupos em relação à flexão do tronco, flexão e extensão do quadril, flexão do joelho e dorsiflexão do tornozelo, mesmo após ajuste para idade, sexo, IMC, nível de atividade física e dor lombar usando modelos de regressão múltipla linear. Além disso, os indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade nos movimentos de flexão do joelho, dorsiflexão e flexão plantar do tornozelo. CONCLUSãO: Indivíduos com TSP/HAM demonstraram redução da flexibilidade na maioria dos movimentos avaliados pelo flexímetro pendular. Além disso, indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade do joelho e tornozelo, representando potencialmente um marcador de desenvolvimento mielopático.

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Abstract Background Flexibility is crucial to the harmonious execution of joint movements. While skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with HTLV-1 can interfere with mobility, it is unclear whether these patients experience reduced flexibility. Objective To evaluate the differences in flexibility between HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without myelopathy compared with uninfected controls. We also investigated whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity level, or lower back pain influence flexibility in HTLV-1-infected individuals. Methods The sample consisted of 56 adults, of which 15 did not have HTLV-1, 15 had HTLV-1 without myelopathy, and 26 had TSP/HAM. Their flexibility was assessed using the sit-and-reach test and a pendulum fleximeter. Results No differences in flexibility were observed between the groups with and without myelopathy and controls without HTLV-1 infection using the sit-and-reach test. The pendulum fleximeter results of individuals with TSP/HAM presented the lowest flexibility among the groups with respect to trunk flexion, hip flexion and extension, knee flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion, even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, level of physical activity, and lower back pain using multiple linear regression models. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced flexibility in movements: knee flexion, dorsiflexion, and ankle plantar flexion. Conclusions Individuals with TSP/HAM demonstrated reduced flexibility in most of the movements evaluated by the pendulum fleximeter. Additionally, HTLV-1-infected individuals without myelopathy demonstrated reduced knee and ankle flexibility, potentially representing a marker of myelopathic development.

Resumo Antecedentes A flexibilidade é fundamental para a execução harmoniosa dos movimentos articulares. Embora a disfunção do músculo esquelético em pacientes com HTLV-1 possa interferir na mobilidade, não está claro se esses pacientes apresentam flexibilidade reduzida. Objetivo Avaliar as diferenças de flexibilidade entre os indivíduos infectados com e sem mielopatia e o grupo controle sem infecção HTLV-1. Também investigamos se idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), nível de atividade física ou dor lombar influenciam a flexibilidade em indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1. Métodos A amostra foi composta por 56 adultos, dos quais 15 não possuíam HTLV-1, 15 possuíam HTLV-1 sem mielopatia e 26 possuíam TSP/HAM. A flexibilidade foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar e do flexímetro de pêndulo. Resultados Não foram observadas diferenças na flexibilidade entre os grupos com e sem mielopatia no teste de sentar e alcançar. Os resultados do flexímetro pendular dos indivíduos com TSP/HAM apresentaram a menor flexibilidade entre os grupos em relação à flexão do tronco, flexão e extensão do quadril, flexão do joelho e dorsiflexão do tornozelo, mesmo após ajuste para idade, sexo, IMC, nível de atividade física e dor lombar usando modelos de regressão múltipla linear. Além disso, os indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade nos movimentos de flexão do joelho, dorsiflexão e flexão plantar do tornozelo. Conclusão Indivíduos com TSP/HAM demonstraram redução da flexibilidade na maioria dos movimentos avaliados pelo flexímetro pendular. Além disso, indivíduos infectados pelo HTLV-1 sem mielopatia demonstraram redução da flexibilidade do joelho e tornozelo, representando potencialmente um marcador de desenvolvimento mielopático.

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Introdução: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma inflamação crônica imunomediada do sistema nervoso central (SNC) caracterizada por diferentes graus de incapacidades físicas e cognitivas. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico da EM na região Oeste do Pará no período de 2005 a 2019 e verificar a progressão da doença, o grau de debilidade através da Escala Expandida do Estado de Incapacidade (EDSS) e a resposta ao tratamento. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo-descritivo, baseado na pesquisa e revisão de prontuários de pacientes portadores de EM. Participaram da pesquisa 19 pessoas. Resultados: Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram alteração na marcha, neurite óptica, oftalmoplegia e associação com quadro depressivo. A forma de evolução clínica mais frequente foi a remitente-recorrente. Análise liquórica revelou presença de bandas oligoclonais em 16 (84,2%) pacientes. A ressonância nuclear magnética de crânio evidenciou múltiplas lesões em 12 (63,2%) dos portadores de esclerose múltipla. Em relação à terapia medicamentosa, o Interferon e o Glatirâmer recebem destaque por serem os mais utilizados no tratamento desses pacientes. Em relação à avaliação da EDSS, observou-se que quase 50% dos pacientes obtiveram melhora, enquanto pouco mais de 10% evoluíram com piora neurológica devido a falta ou ineficácia da medicação. A média do tempo de seguimento após o diagnóstico foi de 4,4 anos. Conclusão: Os resultados neste estudo mostram um panorama semelhante ao comparar a realidade da região Oeste do Pará com outras regiões do país no âmbito do diagnóstico da Esclerose Múltipla.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immunemediated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by different degrees of physical and cognitive disabilities. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of MS in the western region of Pará in the period of 2005 to 2019 and verify the progression of the disease, the degree of debility using the Expanded Disability State Scale (EDSS) and the response to treatment. Methods: Quantitative-descriptive study, based on research and review of medical records of patients with MS. 19 people participated in the survey. Results: The most prevalent signs and symptoms were changes in gait, optic neuritis, ophthalmoplegia and association with depression. The most frequent form of clinical evolution was relapsing-remitting. CSF analysis revealed the presence of oligoclonal bands in 16 (84.2%) patients. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple lesions in 12 (63.2%) patients with multiple sclerosis. Regarding drug therapy, Interferon and Glatiramer are highlighted because they are the most used in the treatment of these patients. Regarding the EDSS assessment, it was observed that almost 50% of the patients improved, while just over 10% evolved with neurological worsening due to lack or ineffectiveness of medication. The mean follow-up time after diagnosis was 4.4 years, with 31.5% (n=6) above the mean. Conclusion: The results of this study show a similar panorama when comparing the reality of the western region of Pará with other regions of the country in the context of the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.

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Brazil is home to the highest absolute number of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals worldwide; the city of Salvador, Bahia, has the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in Brazil. Due to the complex nature of several diseases associated with this retrovirus, a multidisciplinary health care approach is necessary to care for people living with HTLV-1. The Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health's Integrative Multidisciplinary HTLV Center (CHTLV) has been providing support to people living with HTLV and their families since 2002, striving to ensure physical and mental well-being by addressing biopsychosocial aspects, providing clinical care and follow-up, including to pregnant/postpartum women, as well as comprehensive laboratory diagnostics, psychological therapy, and counseling to family members. To date, CHTLV has served a total of 2,169 HTLV-infected patients. The average patient age is 49.8 (SD 15.9) years, 70.3% are female, most are considered low-income and have low levels of education. The majority (98.9%) are HTLV-1 cases, and approximately 10% have been diagnosed with tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), while 2.2% have infective dermatitis and 1.1% have adult T-cell lymphoma. In all, 178 pregnant/postpartum women [mean age: 32.7 (±6.5) years] have received care at CHTLV. Regarding vertical transmission, 53% of breastfed infants screened for HTLV tested positive in their second year of life, nearly 18 times the rate found in non-breastfed infants. This article documents 20 years of experience in implementing an integrative and multidisciplinary care center for people living with HTLV in Bahia, Brazil. Still, significant challenges remain regarding infection control, and HTLV-infected individuals continue to struggle with the obtainment of equitable and efficient healthcare.

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O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os dados laboratoriais dos participantes da campanha "Saúde do Homem" em novembro de 2017, em Santarém/PA/Brasil. Estudo do tipo transversal e quantitativo, de análise do escorre internacional de sintomas prostáticos (I-PSS), de questionário e de exames laboratoriais. O total de 36 homens acima de 40 anos, com idade média de 55,8 anos participaram da campanha. Estes passaram pelo exame digital da próstata e por exames laboratoriais, como PSA e urofluxometria. A dosagem sérica de PSA mostrou que 100% dos pacientes obtiveram valores de 0-4 ng/ml. Destes, 25 (69%) exibiram ao exame digital da próstata peso estimado abaixo de 30g. No que tange ao exame da urofluxometria, 64% expressaram volume urinário de 150 a 500 ml. Vinte pacientes mostraram valores inferiores a 15 ml/s ao fluxo máximo e os outros, igual ou superior a 15 ml/s. O padrão de curva de fluxo urinário mais prevalente foi do tipo cauda, representando 75% (n=27) e o tipo sino foi o menos frequente com 5,5% (n=2). No resíduo pós-miccional, 39% (n=14) obtiveram acima de 20 ml. De modo que 4 destes apresentaram acima de 100 ml, sugestivo de obstrução urinária. Os resultados neste trabalho permitiram identificar que as alterações encontradas podem estar associadas a obstrução ou disfunção vesical, no entanto, como exame de triagem do risco de câncer de próstata e dos sintomas de HPB, esses testes são suficientes para selecionar os pacientes que se beneficiam do tratamento adequado ou investigação mais complexa.

The objective of this research was to analyze the laboratory data of the population end of campaign "Man's Health" in November 2017, at Santarém/PA. Study of transverse type and quantitative analysis of the flows of international prostate symptoms (IPSS), a questionnaire and laboratory tests. The total of 36 men over 40 years, with an average age of 55.8 years participated in the campaign. These passed through the prostate digital exam and lab tests, such as PSA and uroflowmetry. The dosage of serum PSA showed that 100% of patients obtained values of 04 ng/ml. Of these, 25 (69%) exhibit digital prostate exam estimated weight below 30 g. With regard to the examination of uroflowmetry, 64% expressed urinary volume of 150 to 500 ml. Twenty patients demonstrate less than 15 ml/s maximum flow and the other, not less greater than 15 ml/s pattern of urinary flow curve more prevalent was the tail type, representing 75% (n = 27) and the Bell type was less frequent with 5.5% (n = 2). In the pós - miccional residue, 39% (n = 14) achieved over 20 ml. So that 4 of these being presented over 100 ml, suggestive of urinary obstruction. The results in this paper identified the changes found may be associated with obstruction or bladder dysfunction, however, as screening examination of the risk of prostate cancer and BPH symptoms, these tests are sufficient to Select the patients who benefit from appropriate treatment or investigation.

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BACKGROUND: The need for neurosurgical care across the globe remains a public health issue. The creation of sustainable neurological surgery departments and training programs will be indispensable in alleviating the burden of neurological disease in low to middle income countries (LMICs). METHODS: We reviewed the history of the neurological surgery department and residency program of Santarém in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 1999 to the present. We have described the epidemiology unique to the region and provided evidence of a sustainable practice in a LMIC. The challenges, limitations, and resources were explored. RESULTS: We have provided a historical vignette of the evolution of neurological surgery in the Brazilian Amazon, including the creation of a sustainable neurological surgery practice and accredited residency program. In addition, we assessed the neurological surgery burden and epidemiology unique to the region, with an emphasis on the community and indigenous health in this remote area. We also explored the future directions of this example, which could affect the international neurological surgery community. CONCLUSION: A sustainable neurosurgery practice and training program is possible in a LMIC. Training neurosurgeons in developing regions of LMICs is a sustainable method to decrease the morbidity and mortality of neurological diseases and prevent the misdistribution of physicians in a country. We encourage adaptation of sustainable neurological surgery practices in similar regions across the world to increase access to necessary neurosurgical care.

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