RESUMEN

Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) electrophoresis showed the presence of Plasmodium yoelii yoelii in Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae. The Ldh appeared as an additional band (pLdh) whose activity was more intense with 3-acetyl pyridine adenine dinucleotide as coenzyme than with beta nicotin-amide adenine dinucleotide. Several allelic forms occurred both in the vector and the host. The isoelectric point of Ldh, similar in the vector and host, differed from those of Ldh from mosquito and mouse. The presence of pLdh was detected from the 2nd to the 28th day of infection. The pLdh appeared to be proportional to the number of sporozoites present in infected salivary glands. However, pLdh was not found in salivary glands or midguts, but it was detected in the rest of the corresponding mosquito. The origin and use of pLdh as a marker of Plasmodium in its vector is discussed.

Asunto(s)

Anopheles/parasitología , Insectos Vectores/parasitología , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Plasmodium yoelii/enzimología , Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Femenino , Punto Isoeléctrico , Isoenzimas , Malaria , Ratones , NAD/análogos & derivados , NAD/química , Plasmodium yoelii/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plasmodium yoelii/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

The electrophoretic analysis of five natural populations of Aedes detritus has shown that the two sibling species A and B of the complex, described in 1977 in an other geographical area by Pasteur et al., cohabit on Atlantic coastline in France.

Asunto(s)

Aedes/clasificación , Aedes/enzimología , Aedes/genética , Alelos , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/análisis , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/genética , Electroforesis en Gel de Almidón , Francia , Glucosa-6-Fosfato Isomerasa/análisis , Glucosa-6-Fosfato Isomerasa/genética , Glicerolfosfato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Glicerolfosfato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Larva/clasificación , Larva/enzimología , Larva/genética , Ninfa/clasificación , Ninfa/enzimología , Ninfa/genética , Fosfoglucomutasa/análisis , Fosfoglucomutasa/genética

RESUMEN

Polymorphism in twelve genes coding for eight enzymes in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.): alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), catalases (CAT), ß-esterases (EST), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases (GOT), malate dehydrogenases (MDH), 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenases (PGD), phosphoglucoisomerases (PGI) and phosphoglucomutases (PGM), was observed by electrophoresis on 74 cultivated samples and 8 wild samples from West Africa. Six genes: Est A, Adh A, Pgm A, Cat A, Pgi A, Pgd A contain 95% of the total variation. Principal component analyses and discriminant analyses of the 82 samples described by 46 allelic frequencies showed an almost complete separation into 3 groups: wilds, early maturing cultivars and late maturing cultivars. The early group has the highest enzyme diversity, with cultivated millets from Niger showing the most diversity. The high diversity of the early group and its extensive divergence from West-African wild millets suggest, firstly, the existence, elsewhere in Africa of other enzymatically different sources of wild millet, and secondly, the occurrence, prehistorically, of several different domestications. The late group of cultivars has the lowest variability and a relatively low coefficient of differentiation. This relatively homogeneous enzyme structure does not seem to be associated to ecology. A hypothesis is advanced suggesting that West African late-cultivars were derived from a common cultivated early complex. This complex must have been distributed across the Sudanian zone and must have been later sumitted to modifications by limited gene flow with local early maturing cultivars.