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There is no mouse model of patellar tendinopathy. This study aimed to establish a mouse inflammatory and degenerative patellar tendon injury model, which will facilitate research on patellar tendinopathy using advanced molecular tools including transgenic models. Collagenase at different doses (low dose (LD), medium dose (MD), high dose (HD)) or saline was injected over the mouse patellar tendon. At weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 post-injection, the tendons were harvested for histology and further examined by micro-computed tomography (microCT) imaging at week 8. The optimal dose group and the saline group were further evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, gait pattern, and biomechanical properties. The histopathological score increased dose-dependently post-collagenase injection. Ectopic mineralization was observed and increased with collagenase dose. The LD group was selected for further analysis. The expression of IL-10, TNF-α, and MMP-1 significantly increased post-injection. The changes of limb idleness index (ΔLII) compared to preinjury state were significantly higher, while the ultimate load, stiffness, ultimate stress, and maximum Young's modulus were significantly lower in the LD group compared to the saline group. A mouse inflammatory degenerative model of patellar tendon injury resembling tendinopathy was established as indicated by the dose-dependent increase in tendon histopathology, ectopic calcification, decrease in biomechanical properties, and pain-associated gait changes.

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Pott's puffy tumor is a subperiosteal abscess of the frontal bone with osteomyelitis which has become rare because of the widespread use of antibiotics. Here, we report a case of Pott's puffy tumor in a 46-year-old man who visited the department of dermatology with painful swelling of the forehead. Despite open drainage and oral antibiotic therapy, the symptoms recurred twice in the following month. Computed tomography revealed a fistula of frontal bone. The eventual diagnosis was Pott's puffy tumor. The patient underwent endoscopic surgery at the department of otorhinolaryngology and achieved a complete recovery.

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The author's name and the institutional affiliation of the authors were published incorrectly.

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PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the degree of Positive psychological capital, Organizational commitment, Customer orientation of clinical nurses, and to identify correlations between these variables. METHODS: Participants were 230 nurses working in three hospitals located in Seoul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson Correlation, and Multiple Regression. RESULTS: Mean scores were 3.32 (5 point scale) for Positive psychological capital, 3.03 (5 point scale) for Organizational commitment, 3.71 (5 point scale) for Customer orientation. Positive psychological capital correlated positively with Organizational commitment (r=.29, p<.001) and Customer orientation (r=.58, p<.001). Organizational commitment correlated positively with Customer orientation (r=.28, p<.001). Positive psychological capital had a significant influence on Customer orientation. and these combinations explained 34.2% of the variance in Customer orientation (F=25.68, p<.001). Organizational commitment had a mediating effect between Positive psychological capital and Customer orientation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a need for strategies to improve Customer orientation by enhancing the Positive psychological capital of nurses. Furthermore, study to develop and apply a Positive psychological capital promotion program should be conducted.

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis reveals the diets of different human populations in history. In this study, we performed stable isotope analysis on human skeletons from Joseon-period cemeteries discovered around Old Seoul City (Hansung). Our data clearly showed that Joseon individuals consumed more C3-based than C4-based foods as the main staples, and that the proteins they ate were mainly of terrestrial, but not of marine origin. Stable isotope values exhibited unique patterns in each of our sample subgroups. Whereas the delta13C values did not show any statistical differences among the subgroups, significantly higher values of delta15N were found in males than in females, which might reflect dietary differences between the sexes. For a fuller understanding of the dietary patterns of pre-industrial (pre-20th century) Koreans, additional studies on Joseon samples from Korean archaeological sites will be necessary.

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PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of U-Health program on metabolic syndrome of workers. METHODS: This study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group study for 6 month from May to October 2010. Subjects in the experimental group participated in the U-Health program (n=315), whereas the control group did not (n=157). RESULTS: In the U-Health group, statistically significant reductions in BMI(body mass index), waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. The results of this study showed that 6 months of U-Health program influenced on the metabolic syndrome of workers in a positive way. CONCLUSION: It is, therefore, suggested to actively utilize the U-Health program to manage the workers' health.

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PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of U-Health program on metabolic syndrome of workers. METHODS: This study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group study for 6 month from May to October 2010. Subjects in the experimental group participated in the U-Health program (n=315), whereas the control group did not (n=157). RESULTS: In the U-Health group, statistically significant reductions in BMI(body mass index), waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. The results of this study showed that 6 months of U-Health program influenced on the metabolic syndrome of workers in a positive way. CONCLUSION: It is, therefore, suggested to actively utilize the U-Health program to manage the workers' health.

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No abstract available.

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BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, and has extended from rural areas to cities recently. Beijing metropolis is a novel affected region, where the HFRS incidence seems to be diverse from place to place. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The spatial scan analysis based on geographical information system (GIS) identified three geo-spatial "hotspots" of HFRS in Beijing when the passive surveillance data from 2004 to 2006 were used. The Relative Risk (RR) of the three "hotspots" was 5.45, 3.57 and 3.30, respectively. The Phylogenetic analysis based on entire coding region sequence of S segment and partial L segment sequence of Seoul virus (SEOV) revealed that the SEOV strains circulating in Beijing could be classified into at least three lineages regardless of their host origins. Two potential recombination events that happened in lineage #1 were detected and supported by comparative phylogenetic analysis. The SEOV strains in different lineages and strains with distinct special amino acid substitutions for N protein were partially associated with different spatial clustered areas of HFRS. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Hotspots of HFRS were found in Beijing, a novel endemic region, where intervention should be enhanced. Our data suggested that the genetic variation and recombination of SEOV strains was related to the high risk areas of HFRS, which merited further investigation.

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Skeletal remains collected from the archaeological fields must be maintained carefully, for being used in scientific studies on the physical characteristics, health status, and pathological disease of the ancient or medieval human populations. Even if Joseon Dynasty Human Sample Collection might be a good example for such studies, few of bone collections predated the Joseon Age (e.g. Goryeo Dynasty) have been established until now, possibly owing to poor preservation condition of archaeological sites in Korea. In this study, we performed anthropological studies on a few cases of Goryeo skeletons, which have been rarely reported by anthropologists in Korea. Judging from the preservation status of bones found in various types of Goryeo graves (e.g. earthen- or stone-chambered tombs), many cases seem to be cremated in accordance with Buddhist funeral rites. Goryeo bone collections must be constructed with the bones identified in the earthen tombs, which were preserved much perfectly than those of any other types of Goryeo tombs.

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Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a significant public health problem with an increasing incidence in Beijing, China (report of disease surveillance from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, China). Hantaviruses were detected using RT-PCR method in blood samples of HFRS patients and lung tissues of rodents captured in Beijing. Phylogenetic analyses of 724bp partial S segment of the hantavirus gene showed that the detected Seoul virus (SEOV) fell into three different lineages, two of which circulated in Beijing. A nucleotide sequence identity of 99.7% for one of the cases of HFRS--the human- and Rattus norvegicus-originated SEOV sequences--had only two silent substitutions, suggesting genetic analysis is an essential tool for "case-investigation."

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