RESUMEN
SETTING: Multicentred hospital-based cases and control subjects in Korea. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and hazardous materials to which people are occupationally exposed. DESIGN: A multicentre, hospital-based, matched case-control study was performed. The ratio of IPF cases to controls was 1:1 (n = 78 in each group). IPF cases and controls were matched in terms of age group, sex and place of residence. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: In simple logistic regression analysis, exposure to metal dust and any exposure for >1 year in an occupational setting were significantly associated with IPF (metal dust OR 4.00, 95%CI 1.34-11.97; any exposure OR 3.67, 95%CI 1.02-13.14). After adjustment for environmental and military exposures and smoking history, the OR for metal dust exposure was 4.97 (95%CI 1.36-18.17) in multiple logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Metal dust was associated with incident IPF in Seoul and Gyeonggi Provinces in Korea. This information will be used to support a tailored preventive strategy in specific industries or occupations.
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Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/epidemiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Polvo/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Femenino , Humanos , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/etiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
SETTING: Although the incidence and prevalence of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been assessed in Western countries, their epidemiology has not been analysed in Asian countries, including the Republic of Korea. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of IIP, including IPF, in Korea, using a large, nationwide database. DESIGN: The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services claims database, which includes information on every patient with diagnostic codes for IPF and IIP from 2010 to 2013, was reviewed. Age- and sex-specific IPF and IIP prevalence and incidence rates were estimated. RESULTS: Among Korean males and females, IPF prevalence from 2010 to 2013 was estimated at respectively 39.7 and 24.3 per 100 000 population, while IIP prevalence was estimated at respectively 97.1 and 66.5/100 000. The annual incidence rates among Korean males and females during 2011 and 2012 were respectively 16.4 and 9.7/100 000, for IPF, and respectively 42.3 and 27.5/100 000 for IIP. CONCLUSIONS: IPF is more prevalent in Korea than previously reported; its prevalence may be similar to or higher than in the United States and in European countries.
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Neumonías Intersticiales Idiopáticas/epidemiología , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/epidemiología , Distribución por Edad , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Neumonías Intersticiales Idiopáticas/diagnóstico , Fibrosis Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Incidencia , Masculino , Prevalencia , República de Corea/epidemiología , Distribución por Sexo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Airway remodelling is associated with irreversible, or partially reversible, airflow obstruction and ultimately unresponsiveness to asthma therapies such as corticosteroids. Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor that has an anti-inflammatory effect in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to study the effect of roflumilast on airway inflammation and remodelling in a murine model of chronic asthma. METHODS: BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were chronically exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice a week for additional 3 months. Roflumilast was administered orally during the intranasal OVA challenge. A lung fibroblast cell line was used in the proliferation assay. RESULTS: Compared with control mice, mice chronically exposed to OVA developed eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), and exhibited features of airway remodelling. Administration of roflumilast significantly inhibited airway inflammation and AHR. Roflumilast also significantly decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and pulmonary fibrosis, which are parameters of airway remodelling. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were significantly lower in the roflumilast group. In vitro, roflumilast significantly inhibited stem cell factor (SCF)-induced cell proliferation of fibroblasts. The SCF concentration and mRNA expression in a murine model also significantly decreased with roflumilast treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the administration of roflumilast regulates airway inflammation, AHR, and airway remodelling in a model of chronic asthma. The beneficial effects from roflumilast may be related to the SCF/c-kit pathway.
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Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/inmunología , Aminopiridinas/farmacología , Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Benzamidas/farmacología , Alérgenos , Animales , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/metabolismo , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Enfermedad Crónica , Ciclopropanos/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Células Caliciformes/efectos de los fármacos , Células Caliciformes/inmunología , Células Caliciformes/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidroxiprolina/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/metabolismo , Pulmón/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/etiología , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/metabolismo , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/patología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Subgrupos de Linfocitos T/metabolismoRESUMEN
SETTING: Nationwide general population in South Korea. OBJECTIVE: Except for tobacco smoking, risk factors for the impairment of lung function have not been widely evaluated. We evaluated the risk factors for lung function impairment among the general non-smoking Korean population. DESIGN: A total of 8164 non-smokers from the spirometry data set of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys IV and V (2008-2010) were included in the study. After sex stratification, multiple survey logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between potential risk factors and impaired lung function in this nationwide cross-sectional study. RESULTS: The proportion of non-smokers among the general Korean population with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 80% of predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) < 80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 were respectively 46.2%, 50.3% and 30.2%. In multiple survey logistic regression analyses, lung function impairment was associated with tuberculosis (TB) and asthma in female non-smokers and asthma in male non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: TB and asthma are risk factors for lung function impairment among Korean non-smokers. To prevent further lung function impairment, a careful control system for these factors should be considered when setting health policy priorities.
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Asma/epidemiología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas Nutricionales , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Caracteres Sexuales , Fumar , Espirometría , Capacidad Vital , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increasing worldwide. However, little information is available concerning COPD-associated health care use and costs in Korea. OBJECTIVE: To analyse 1) health care use, medical costs and medication use in 2009, and 2) changes in costs and medication use over 5 years (2006-2010). DESIGN: Using the database of the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, COPD patients were identified by searching on both ICD-10 codes and COPD medication. RESULTS A total of 192,496 COPD patients were identified in 2009. Total medical costs per person were US$2803 ± 3865; the average annual number of days of out-patient care and days of hospitalisation were respectively 40 ± 36 and 11 ± 33. Methylxanthine and systemic beta-agonists were the most frequently used drugs. However, the number of prescriptions for long-acting muscarinic antagonist increased rapidly. The total cost of COPD-related medications increased by 33.1% over 5 years. CONCLUSION: The present study provides new insight into health care use and the economic burden of COPD in Korea. Changing patterns of COPD-related medication use could help inform COPD management policies.
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Broncodilatadores/economía , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Costos de los Medicamentos , Recursos en Salud/economía , Recursos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/economía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Atención Ambulatoria/economía , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Costos de los Medicamentos/tendencias , Revisión de la Utilización de Medicamentos , Femenino , Recursos en Salud/tendencias , Costos de Hospital/tendencias , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , República de Corea/epidemiología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
SETTING: Multicentre study. OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) destroyed lung due to past TB. DESIGN: We reviewed patients with TB-destroyed lung between May 2005 and June 2011. RESULTS: A total of 595 patients from 21 hospitals were enrolled. The mean age was 65.63 ± 0.47 (mean ± standard error); 60.5% were male. The mean number of lobes involved was 2.59 ± 0.05. Pleural thickening was observed in 54.1% of the patients. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), FEV(1)/FVC, bronchodilator response and number of exacerbations per year were respectively 2.06 ± 0.03 l (61.26% ± 0.79), 1.16 ± 0.02 l (49.05% ± 0.84), 58.03% ± 0.70, 5.70% ± 0.34, and 0.40 ± 0.04. The number of lobes involved was significantly correlated with FVC and FEV(1), and with the number of exacerbations per year. Use of long-acting muscarinic antagonists or long-acting beta-2 agonists plus inhaled corticosteroids resulted in bronchodilatory effects. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age, initial FEV(1) (%) and number of exacerbations during follow-up were independent factors affecting change in FEV(1). CONCLUSION: Decreased lung function with exacerbation, and progressive decline of FEV(1) were observed in patients with TB-destroyed lung.
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Tuberculosis Pulmonar/patología , Anciano , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/complicaciones , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Fudosteine is a novel mucoactive agent, although little is known about how fudosteine decreases mucin production. The present study examined the effects of fudosteine on MUC5AC mucin synthesis and cellular signalling. An animal model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and a bronchial epithelial cell line model of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced inflammation were used. Fudosteine was administered before stimulation with LPS or TNF-alpha. The MUC5AC mucin levels were assayed and the expression of the MUC5AC gene was measured. Western blotting was carried out for the detection of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK). MUC5AC mucin synthesis and the expression of the MUC5AC gene were increased by LPS in rats or TNF-alpha in NCI-H292 cells; these effects were inhibited by fudosteine treatment. After stimulation with LPS or TNF-alpha, the expression of p-EGFR, p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK were detected. Fudosteine treatment reduced the expression levels of p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK in vivo and of p-ERK in vitro. The present results suggest fudosteine inhibits MUC5AC mucin hypersecretion by reducing MUC5AC gene expression and the effects of fudosteine are associated with the inhibition of extracellular signal-related kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in vivo and extracellular signal-related kinase in vitro.
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Cistina/análogos & derivados , Mucina 5AC/química , Mucinas/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cistina/farmacología , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Humanos , Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Mucina 5AC/biosíntesis , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fe-doped ZnO nanorods have been synthesized by a novel process employing a hydrolysis of metal powders. Zn and Fe nano-powders were used as starting materials and incorporated into distilled water. The solution was refluxed at 60 degrees C for 24 h to obtain the precipitates from the hydrolysis of Zn and Fe. X-ray diffraction patterns for all the samples showed a pure wurtzite single phase, without any segregation of the Fe into the particulates within the instrumental resolution limit. The TEM results for ZnO with and without an Fe-doping showed that the produced powders had a rod-like shape. The rod shape was attributable to the zinc oxide from the hydrolysis of Zn. With an increasing Fe content, the UV-vis spectra were shifted to a long wave length and this result indicates that the band gap was changed by an Fe-doping.
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Cristalización/métodos , Hierro/química , Nanoestructuras/química , Nanoestructuras/ultraestructura , Nanotecnología/métodos , Óxido de Zinc/química , Zinc/química , Hidrólisis , Sustancias Macromoleculares/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Metales/química , Conformación Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polvos , Semiconductores , Propiedades de SuperficieAsunto(s)
Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Donadores Vivos , Linfocitos T , Adulto , Haplotipos , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicaciones , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/etiología , Trastornos Linfoproliferativos/patología , Masculino , Linfocitos T/patología , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
The majority of episodes of sudden hearing loss are caused by inner ear disorders, often accompanied by vertigo. The patterns of hearing loss usually influence the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze vestibular diagnoses in sudden hearing loss with vertigo, and to correlate them with the recovery of hearing loss. The clinical records of 125 patients with sudden hearing loss were reviewed. Various vestibular evaluations were performed in 36 patients with vertigo. The vertigo in these patients was classified as normal, unilateral hypofunction, directional preponderance, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), non-specific or irritative. The initial and final pure-tone audiograms of these patients were compared. The distribution of vestibular diagnoses was unilateral hypofunction in 30.6% of patients, BPPV in 25.7%, normal in 19.4%, non-specific in 11.1%, directional preponderance in 8.3% and irritative in 8.3%. The recovery of hearing in patients with vertigo was significantly worse than in those without vertigo. The recovery of hearing in patients with spinning vertigo did not differ from that of patients with non-spinning vertigo. The recovery of hearing was worst in the BPPV group, especially in the high frequency range, followed by the unilateral hypofunction group, who showed hearing thresholds between those in the BPPV group and those in the normal vestibular function test group. This study suggests that the diagnostic classification of vestibulopathy is a useful prognostic indicator of hearing recovery in sudden hearing loss with vertigo. We conclude that otolithic and semicircular canal involvement may cause poor hearing results, especially in the high frequency range.
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Trastornos de la Audición , Vértigo/complicaciones , Vértigo/fisiopatología , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/fisiopatología , Adulto , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Umbral Auditivo/fisiología , Femenino , Trastornos de la Audición/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Audición/diagnóstico , Trastornos de la Audición/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recuperación de la Función , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Vértigo/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función VestibularRESUMEN
The syntheses and in vitro evaluation of a new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones bearing substituents at C-3 and/or C-4 positions on the pyridine ring are described. Some of these compounds, especially 51 and 6f, were found to be potent phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) inhibitors exhibiting improved ratio of PDE 4 inhibitory activity:rolipram binding assay (RBA).
Asunto(s)
3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/farmacología , Pirimidinas/síntesis química , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/síntesis química , Quinazolinas/farmacología , 3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/metabolismo , Animales , Bioensayo , Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 4 , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/química , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , Ratas , Rolipram/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of arachidonic acid metabolites (AAMs) in the pathogenesis of antrochoanal polyp (ACP). Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we assayed the tissue concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, leukotrienes (LTs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE). Concentrations of AAMs in ACP were compared with the level in the control turbinate tissues and nasal polyps associated with chronic paranasal sinusitis (NPS). The concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1alpha were not significantly different in the control turbinate, ACP and NPS groups. In ACP, concentrations of LTC4, 15-HETE and 12-HETE were significantly lower than in the control turbinate. The striking differences in the profile of AAMs between ACP and NPS included a lack of production of LTD4 and LTE4 in ACP, also detectable in NPS, and markedly lower concentrations of 15-HETE and 12-HETE in ACP. The results of this study indicate that decreased lipoxygenase pathway products in arachidonic acid metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of ACP. However, in the pathogenesis of NPS, increased production of LTD4 and LTE4 may have an important role. Taken together, our results demonstrate a difference in pathogenesis between ACP and NPS, particularly in terms of arachidonic acid metabolism.
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Ácido Araquidónico/metabolismo , Pólipos Nasales/metabolismo , Sinusitis/complicaciones , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/metabolismo , Leucotrienos/metabolismo , Pólipos Nasales/complicaciones , Cornetes Nasales/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To test intratumoral photodynamic therapy (IPDT) as a new treatment for squamous cell carcinoma in a preclinical tumor model. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Human P3 squamous carcinoma cells were transplanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice and allowed to grow into 300- to 500-mm3 tumors. Hypericin dye at 1 microg/gm of body weight was injected intratumorally (IT) or intravenously (IV). After 4 hours hypericin biodistribution was assessed in ethanol extracts from tissues by fluorescence spectroscopy. IPDT also was tested by KTP laser fiberoptic insertion in tumors 4 hours after IT dye injection compared to KTP532 laser therapy alone (532 nm, 1W, 40-60 J, 0.6-mm fiber). RESULTS: Hypericin concentration in tissues was as follows: (IT vs. IV) for tumors (3660 vs. 135 ng dye/gm tissue), lung (760 vs. 6345), liver (75 vs. 935), blood (65 vs. 480) compared to skin (465 vs. 110) or muscle (335 vs. 80) adjacent to the squamous cell tumors. Four hours after dye injection, the tumor exhibited bright orange fluorescence when excited by KTP 532-nm green laser light. The IPDT-treated tumors had a 3.32+/-0.32-mm radius of cell destruction when H&E-stained sections were examined compared with 2.5+/-0.38 mm for the laser only control group (n = 10, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study indicates laser IPDT with hypericin induces a significant increase in tumor necrosis compared with laser alone and may be useful as a less invasive adjuvant treatment for recurrent or inoperable human squamous cell cancers of the head and neck.
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Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Terapia por Láser , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Fotoquimioterapia , Animales , Antracenos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Trasplante de Neoplasias , Perileno/administración & dosificación , Proyectos Piloto , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
Platelet activating factor (PAF), a potent chemical mediator in inflammation and allergic reaction, has been thought to induce mucociliary inhibition and epithelial damage in the airway mucosa. However, several recent papers have reported that PAF may not readily damage the airway epithelium. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of PAF-induced epithelial damage in terms of ultrastructural changes. Sixteen micrograms of PAF (1 mL of 16 microg/mL) was administered into the maxillary sinuses of rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 2 groups according to time intervals, and the antral mucosa was taken 1 and 3 days after administration of PAF. The tissue was processed for routine transmission electron microscopy. No epithelial degeneration was observed other than platelet aggregation, red blood cell stasis, and swelling of the endothelial cells 1 day after administration of PAF. Migration of inflammatory cells into the perivascular connective tissue, infiltration of eosinophils into the subepithelial and intraepithelial spaces, and vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells with focal loss of cilia were seen 3 days after administration of PAF. In conclusion, PAF induced infiltration of eosinophils into the epithelium, and resulted in epithelial degeneration that varied according to the time interval. Our findings suggest that PAF may cause epithelial damage through a series of secondary events, probably due to cytotoxicity of eosinophils infiltrating the epithelium.
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Seno Maxilar/efectos de los fármacos , Seno Maxilar/patología , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Mucosa Respiratoria/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Respiratoria/patología , Animales , Microscopía Electrónica , ConejosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To audiologically clarify the lesion site and to test the reliability of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in hearing screening of hyperbilirubinemic neonates. STUDY DESIGN: Eleven neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia who had exchange transfusion in the neonatal intensive care unit of an academic hospital over a 3-year period were included in this study. They were tested with auditory brainstem response (ABR) and TEOAEs after exchange transfusion during hospitalization or at an immediate follow-up visit after discharge. Follow-up ABR tests were performed when infants showed significant hearing loss. METHODS: ABR and TEOAE tests were performed on the 11 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia after exchange transfusion. Follow-up ABR tests were carried out in 3-month intervals in the four neonates who showed abnormal or no response on initial ABR. RESULTS: Four neonates showed abnormal or no response and the other seven demonstrated normal response in ABR. All 11 neonates passed TEOAEs. Two neonates showed improvement in auditory function at 3- or 6-month follow-up ABR. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the site of lesion in hearing loss caused by hyperbilirubinemia may be at the retrocochlear location while the cochlea remains intact. TEOAEs may have limitations in evaluation of hearing in the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.
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Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefálico/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Pruebas Auditivas , Ictericia Neonatal/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Neonatal , Emisiones Otoacústicas Espontáneas/fisiología , Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatología , Recambio Total de Sangre , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/fisiopatología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Ictericia Neonatal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to test whether platelet activating factor (PAF) impairs the mucociliary clearance function of the eustachian tube (ET) in a dose-dependent manner and whether PAF antagonist can prevent the impairment of mucociliary function of the ET induced by PAF. Coomassie brilliant blue dye transport time (DTT) in normal guinea pigs was 69 seconds. The DTTs after the application of normal saline and PAF at I and 2 microg/mL into bullae were 66, 74, and 157 seconds. The time was over 15 minutes when 4, 8, and 16 microg/mL of PAF were applied. The DTT was 62 seconds when the animals were pretreated with PAF antagonist (WEB 2170). There were significant delays of the DTTs after treatment with 2, 4, 8, and 16 microg/mL of PAF. Histopathologic examination of ETs from groups with a significant delay in DTTs showed intact cilia, mucous plugs, increased inflammatory cells, and exfoliation of cells. This study demonstrated that PAF impaired the mucociliary clearance function of the ET in a dose-dependent manner. This impairment of mucociliary clearance function was prevented by pretreatment with PAF antagonist. The findings of the study suggest that PAF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion by impairing the ET clearance function.
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Azepinas/farmacología , Trompa Auditiva/fisiología , Depuración Mucociliar , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Triazoles/farmacología , Animales , Cilios/ultraestructura , Colorantes , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Epitelio/patología , Trompa Auditiva/patología , Cobayas , Microscopía Electrónica , Depuración Mucociliar/efectos de los fármacos , Otitis Media con Derrame/fisiopatología , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/antagonistas & inhibidores , Factor de Activación Plaquetaria/fisiología , Colorantes de RosanilinaRESUMEN
New series of catechol ether type derivatives 5, 6 have been synthesized and applied to biological tests. Even though it is a preliminary data, some of our target molecules show the promising result against PDE IV inhibition. SAR and biological studies with synthetic compounds will be discussed in detail.
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3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/síntesis química , Animales , Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 4 , Cobayas , Masculino , Inhibidores de Fosfodiesterasa/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Prostaglandins (PGs) such as PGE2 and PGI2 are vasodilators, and leukotrienes (LTs) such as LTB4 and LTC4 are vasoconstrictors. Our previous studies have shown that salicylate ototoxicity is associated with decreased levels of PGs and increased levels of LTs. We hypothesized that vasodilating PGs increase cochlear blood flow and vasoconstricting LTs decrease cochlear blood flow. PGE2, Iloprost (a PGI2 analog), LTB4, and LTC4 were applied to the round window membranes of chinchillas and cochlear blood flow was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. PGE2 increased cochlear blood flow, while LTC4 decreased cochlear blood flow. This findings show that vasodilating PGs may have therapeutic implications for sensorineural hearing loss and/or vertigo by increasing cochlear blood flow. Vasoconstricting LTs may cause hearing loss by decreasing cochlear blood flow.