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INTRODUCCIÓN: El tabaquismo continúa siendo un problema sanitario en población universitaria y profesionales de la salud. Los kinesiólogos participan en la implementación de programas orientados a la prevención y cese del tabaquismo en la comunidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de tabaquismo y actitudes sobre consumo de tabaco en estudiantes de kinesiología. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en estudiantes de Kinesiología de Concepción (Chile), durante los años 2017 y 2018. Se determinó la conducta y actitudes sobre tabaquismo. Mediante regresión logística se determinó la asociación entre la conducta fumadora y las actitudes sobre tabaquismo. Se consideró un valor de p < 0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. RESULTADOS: Se contestaron 554 cuestionarios. El 57,8% de los estudiantes encuestados declaró no haber fumado nunca, 13 % no haber fumado los últimos 6 meses y 29,4% declaró ser fumador actual. Por su parte, el 99,5% expresó algún grado de acuerdo con que fumar es perjudicial para la salud, lo cual se relacionó con la conducta fumadora (p < 0,0002). En relación a actitudes sobre tabaquismo, comparado a los no fumadores, los fumadores actuales presentan mayor probabilidad de mostrar desacuerdo o indiferencia respecto a actitudes positivas sobre tabaquismo. Principalmente en aquellas acciones que restringen su consumo, venta y divulgación (OR ponderado = 2,43; 95%IC 2,02 - 2,92). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de tabaquismo en estudiantes de Kinesiología de Concepción es del 29,2%. Los estudiantes fumadores expresan una menor aprobación relacionada a intervenciones, actitudes y consecuencias del tabaquismo para la salud comparada con los no fumadores.

INTRODUCTION: Notwithstanding control policies, smoking continues to be a health problem in university students and health professionals, who are responsible for implementing programs oriented to prevention and cessation of smoking in the community. The objective of this study was to explore the prevalence of smoking and attitudes about smoking in physical therapy students. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in students of physical therapy from three universities of Concepción city (Chile), during the years 2017 and 2018. Behavior and attitudes about smoking were evaluated. Association between smoking behavior and attitudes about smoking was determined by logistic regression. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 554 questionnaires were answered. 57.8% of respondents had never smoked, 13.0% had not smoked in the last 6 months and 29.4% were current smokers. Moreover 99.5% of respondents stated some degree of agreement that smoking is harmful to health, which was related to smoking behavior (p < 0.0002). In relation to attitudes about smoking, compared to non-smokers, current smokers have a greater chance of showing disagreement or indifference regarding positive attitudes about smoking. Mainly in those actions that restrict tobacco consumption, sale and disclosure (weighted OR = 2.43, 95% CI 2.02 - 2.92). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of current smoking in physical therapy students from Concepcion city is 29.2%. Smoking students express lower approval related to interventions, attitudes and consequences of smoking for health compared with non-smokers.

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The objective was to characterize milk yield and composition from mixed-breed goats kidding in winter and grazing rangelands with 221 (n = 15), 334 (n = 20), or 441 (n = 12) mm of annual rainfall in northern Mexico (22-25°N). Weekly milk yield and composition were recorded and progeny growth performance assessed. Body weight loss during lactation was the highest (6.4 kg) for goats on rangeland with 441 mm of rainfall than goats on 221 mm (1.6 kg), or 334 mm (1.8 kg; P < 0.01). The highest daily milk yield was for goats on 221 mm (498 mL; P < 0.01). There was not an evident peak of lactation and milk yield increased uninterruptedly at the end of lactation. Milk fat was negatively related to milk yield and goats on rangeland with 334 mm had the greatest milk fat content (P < 0.001). Milk protein and lactose content were higher in goats on rangeland with 221 mm (P < 0.01). Goat kids on rangelands with 221 and 441 mm grew faster and were heavier (P < 0.001) at weaning than kids reared in other rangelands. Weaning weight was positively related to milk yield (P < 0.001); but not milk components (P > 0.05). In conclusion, moderate milk yield of mixed-breed goats on rangeland is feasible with parturitions in winter, and milk yield is not affected by reduced annual precipitation in rangelands of northern Mexico. Offspring growth performance depends on maternal milk yield, but not milk composition. Nevertheless, slow growth to weaning of offspring had adverse effects on time to reach adequate market weight.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of boost radiotherapy on ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) after breast-conserving surgery and whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) with or without boost. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective, multicentre study of 622 patients (624 tumors) diagnosed with pure DCIS from 1993-2011. RESULTS: Most tumors (377/624; 60.4%) received a boost. At a median follow-up of 8.8 years, IBTR occurred in 64 cases (10.3%). A higher percentage of patients with risk factors for IBTR received a boost (p < 0.05). Boost was not associated with lower rates of IBTR than WBRT alone (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.42-1.35). On the univariate analyses, IBTR was significantly associated with tumor size (11-20 mm, HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.27-4.24; and > 20 mm, HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.14-3.88), re-excision (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.04-2.96), and tamoxifen (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.12-3.70). Boost dose > 16 Gy had a protective effect (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.187-0.824). Multivariate analyses confirmed the independent associations between IBTR and 11-20 mm (p = 0.02) and > 20 mm (p = 0.009) tumours, and re-excision (p = 0.006). On the margin-stratified multivariate analysis, tamoxifen was a poor prognostic factor in the close/positive margin subgroup (HR 4.28 95% CI 1.23-14.88), while the highest boost dose ( > 16 Gy) had a significant positive effect (HR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13-0.86) in the negative margin subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy boost did not improve the risk of IBTR. Boost radiotherapy was more common in patients with high-risk disease. Tumor size and re-excision were significant independent prognostic factors.

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Durante el año 2013 comienza a funcionar el Policlínico de Medicina Complementaria en el Campus Hospital y CRS El Pino - USACH con la implementación de la terapia de SP.

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The statistical mechanics of a cloud of particles interacting via their gravitational potentials encounters some issues when the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics is applied. In this work, we consider the alternative statistical framework of Tsallis and analyze the statistical and thermodynamical implications for a self-gravitating gas, obtaining analytical and convergent expressions for the equation of state and specific heat in the ensembles of constant temperature and constant energy. Although our results are comparable in both ensembles, it turns out that only in the ensemble of constant temperature do the thermodynamic quantities depend explicitly on the Tsallis parameter, indicating that the question of ensemble equivalence for Tsallis statistics must be further reviewed.

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This study reports an outbreak of avian pox in a quarantine of canaries imported from Europe, with a mortality of 30% and clinical signs of dyspnea and blepharoconjunctivitis. During necropsy, beak cyanosis, serous blepharitis, caseous sinusitis, oropharyngitis, tracheitis, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, fibrinous airsacculitis, and splenomegaly were observed. Microscopically, edema, epithelial hyperplasia, hydropic degeneration, and vacuolated eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were found; similar lesions were observed in the thymus, spleen, and other organs. The virus was isolated in chicken embryos, and it was identified and characterized using a sequence of 913 nucleotides of the DNA polymerase gene. Pathologic characteristics and molecular biology indicate the systemic presence of avian pox associated with an avipoxvirus of the B1 subgroup. Additionally, other lesions associated with Aspergillus sp., Macrorhabdus ornithogaster, and Isospora sp. were found, which could contribute to the high mortality. Canarypox virus should be considered a differential diagnosis in cases of dyspnea and high mortality in canary flocks.

Reporte de caso- Brote de viruela aviar sistémica en canarios (Serinus canaria domestica) asociado con el virus de la viruela aviar subgrupo B1. En este estudio se reporta un brote de viruela aviar en unos canarios importados de Europa que estaban bajo cuarentena, con una mortalidad del 30% y signos clínicos de disnea y blefaroconjuntivitis. Durante la necropsia, se observó cianosis de pico, blefaritis serosa, sinusitis caseosa, orofaringitis, traqueítis, edema pulmonar, neumonía, fibrinosa respiratoria y esplenomegalia. Microscópicamente, se encontró edema, hiperplasia epitelial, degeneración hidrópica y cuerpos de inclusión intracitoplásmicos eosinófilos vacuolados; Se observaron lesiones similares en el timo, el bazo y otros órganos. El virus se aisló en embriones de pollo, se identificó y caracterizó analizando una secuencia de 913 nucleótidos del gene de la polimerasa de ADN. Las características patológicas y la biología molecular indican la presentación sistémica de la viruela aviar asociada a un avipoxvirus del subgrupo B1. Además, se encontraron otras lesiones asociadas con Aspergillus sp., Macrorhabdus ornithogaster y Isopora sp., lo que pudo contribuir a la alta mortalidad. El virus de la viruela del canario debe considerarse un diagnóstico diferencial en casos de disnea y alta mortalidad en parvadas de canarios.

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La porfiria eritropoyética congènita es una porfiria cutánea no aguda, extremadamente poco frecuente, autosómica recesiva, producida por la deficiencia de la enzima uroporfirinógeno III sintetasa codificada en el gen UROS, en el cromosoma 10q26.2. Esto genera el depósito y la acumulación de porfirinas en las córneas, los huesos y los dientes. Se presenta desde los primeros meses de vida con intensa fotosensibilidad, que se manifiesta con fragilidad cutánea con formación de vesículas, bulas y costras. El curso grave lleva a la mutilación de tejidos acrales, compromiso ocular, anemia hemolítica e hiperesplenismo. El manejo es complejo, basado, sobre todo, en la fotoprotección. Un correcto diagnóstico y enfrentamiento puede mejorar notablemente la calidad y expectativas de vida de estos pacientes. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con porfiria eritropoyética congénita confirmada con el estudio genético.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive, non-acute cutaneous porphyria, caused by uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency, codificated by UROS gene on the chromosome 10q26.2. Porphyrins deposit in cornea, bones and teeth. The first symptoms could be manifested in early childhood, with skin fragility, vesicles and bullae. Severe course produces acral tissues mutilation, eye involvement, hemolytic anemia and hypersplenism. The treatment is complex and it is based in the photoprotection. A correct diagnosis can significantly improve the quality and life expectancy of these patients. We present the case of a child with congenital erythropoietic porphyria confirmed by genetic analysis.

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Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is an extremely rare, autosomal recessive, non-acute cutaneous porphyria, caused by uroporphyrinogen III synthase deficiency, codificated by UROS gene on the chromosome 10q26.2. Porphyrins deposit in cornea, bones and teeth. The first symptoms could be manifested in early childhood, with skin fragility, vesicles and bullae. Severe course produces acral tissues mutilation, eye involvement, hemolytic anemia and hypersplenism. The treatment is complex and it is based in the photoprotection. A correct diagnosis can significantly improve the quality and life expectancy of these patients. We present the case of a child with congenital erythropoietic porphyria confirmed by genetic analysis.

La porfiria eritropoyética congènita es una porfiria cutánea no aguda, extremadamente poco frecuente, autosómica recesiva, producida por la deficiencia de la enzima uroporfirinógeno III sintetasa codificada en el gen UROS, en el cromosoma 10q26.2. Esto genera el depósito y la acumulación de porfirinas en las córneas, los huesos y los dientes. Se presenta desde los primeros meses de vida con intensa fotosensibilidad, que se manifiesta con fragilidad cutánea con formación de vesículas, bulas y costras. El curso grave lleva a la mutilación de tejidos acrales, compromiso ocular, anemia hemolítica e hiperesplenismo. El manejo es complejo, basado, sobre todo, en la fotoprotección. Un correcto diagnóstico y enfrentamiento puede mejorar notablemente la calidad y expectativas de vida de estos pacientes. Se presenta el caso de un lactante con porfiria eritropoyética congénita confirmada con el estudio genético.

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Methylmercury (MeHg) is an environmental neurotoxicant that inhibits neuronal migration. This process requires several cyclic steps involving the formation of membrane protrusions (lamellipodia and filopodia) and focal adhesion turnover. FAK and Src are critical proteins that regulate both processes. The FAK-Src complex promotes the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42, two GTPases involved in the remodeling of the actin cytoskeletal network. Here, we studied the effect of MeHg (1, 10, 100, 500 and 1000nM) on cell migration, the formation of cell protrusions, focal adhesion location and the activation of FAK, Src, Rac1 and Cdc42 using the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line stimulated with PDGF-BB (PDGF). The data show that MeHg (1-500nM) inhibited PDGF-stimulated cell migration. In PDGF-stimulated cells, MeHg (100-1000nM) decreased protrusions and increased the size of the p-FAKY397 clusters. MeHg also inhibited PDGF-induced FAK and Src activation and, at 100nM, MeHg inhibited the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. Altogether, the findings show that low concentrations of MeHg inhibit SH-SY5Y cell migration by disrupting the activation and disassembly of FAK. This negatively affects the activation of Src, Rac1 and Cdc42, all of which are critical proteins for the regulation of cell movement. These effects could be related to the MeHg-mediated inhibition of PDGF-induced formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, focal adhesion disassembly and PDGF-induced movement.

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Resumen Objetivo: determinar si en una muestra de población mexicana la distribución de los marcadores séricos del primer trimestre difiere del modelo de riesgos de The Fetal Medicine Foundation y calcular los factores de corrección necesarios para un desempeño adecuado de la prueba. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que se midieron las concentraciones de beta-hCG-libre y proteína plasmática A del embarazo en sueros maternos del primer trimestre, por ensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia aprobado por la Fetal Medicine Foundation. Se obtuvieron los múltiplos de mediana ajustados por el algoritmo de la Fetal Medicine Foundation (astraia). Para describir la distribución de cada marcador y probar su diferencia estadística con la media 0.000, se hizo su transformación a log10 ideal mediante la prueba de t para una muestra. Además, se describen las distribuciones de los múltiplos de mediana por características del embarazo y lote de reactivo. Resultados: en 1008 sueros, el log10 MoM global fue de -0.121 ± 0.2706 para beta-hCG-libre y -0.049 ± 0.2372 para proteína plasmática A del embarazo. Conclusiones: en esta muestra poblacional mexicana las distribuciones de beta-hCG-libre y proteína plasmática A del embarazo difieren de las esperadas para población similar a la hispana europea. Se recomienda aplicar los respectivos factores de corrección de 0.756 y de 0.893 para las medianas del algoritmo.

Abstract Objective: To determine whether first trimester serum markers distribution on a Mexican population sample differ from The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) risks model, and to calculate the necessary correction factors for accurate test performance. Materials and Method: Transverse descriptive study, Free-beta-hCG and PAPP-A were measured on unselected first trimester maternal sera using FMF approved electrochemiluminescence assay, the adjusted MoM were obtained from FMF algorithm (astraia); they were log10 transformed to describe each marker distribution and to test their statistical difference with the 0.000 ideal mean by one sample t-test. MoM distributions for pregnancy characteristics and reagent lot are additionally described. Results: On 1008 sera, the overall adjusted log10MoM was -0.121 ± 0.2706 SD for Free-beta-hCG and -0.049 ± 0.2372 SD for PAPP-A; these distributions differed significantly from tåzhe expected by FMF risks model. Conclusions: Free-beta-hCG and PAPP-A distributions on this Mexican population sample differ from expected for population similar to Hispanic European, median correction factors of 0.756 MoM and of 0.893 MoM, respectively, are recommended for the algorithm.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: estructurar una pregunta clínica para conocer la utilidad de la prueba cualitativa de GPBB en sangre capilar de pacientes embarazadas, con la finalidad de establecer el diagnóstico de preeclampsia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: estudio ambispectivo efectuado con base en las respuestas a la pregunta clínica estructurada: ¿cuál es la validez diagnóstica de la prueba cualitativa de la isoenzima BB de la fosforilasa de glucógeno (GPBB) en sangre capilar para preeclampsia? se buscaron las fuentes primarias en PubMed, mediante las palabras clave (MeSH): "Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB AND Pregnancy" y "Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB AND Pre-eclampsia". Se seleccionaron los artículos más relevantes, se les asignó nivel de evidencia, se investigó si la muestra y metodología fueron iguales, comparables o diferentes de la prueba cualitativa en sangre capilar, y se analizaron sus resultados con la finalidad de establecer el diagnóstico clínico de preeclampsia. RESULTADOS: no se encontraron estudios de la determinación cualitativa de GPBB en sangre capilar. En tres ensayos de casos y controles (nivel de evidencia 4) se compararon las concentraciones de GPBB en suero mediante ELISA y se encontraron cifras elevadas al momento de establecer el diagnóstico clínico; sin embargo, se consideró como un rasgo fenotípico de preeclampsia clínica, pero no como una prueba diagnóstica. CONCLUSIONES: no existe suficiente evidencia médica que respalde la utilidad de la determinación cualitativa de GPBB en sangre capilar de pacientes embarazadas para establecer el diagnóstico de preeclampsia; por lo tanto, no se sustenta su aplicación en ningún escenario clínico.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To establish if the clinical use of the test for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia is scientifically supported by evidence-based medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ambispective study based on the responses to the PICO clinical question was constructed, then primary sources were searched in PubMed by the strategies Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB AND Pregnancy, and Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB AND pre-eclampsia, the relevant ones were selected, with allocation of level of evidence, determining if samples and methodology were similar, comparable or different to the capillary blood test, and results were analized under diagnosis clinical intention. RESULTS: No studies were found on qualitative GPBB detection in capillary blood. Three case-control studies (evidence level 4) compared GPBB maternal serum levels determined by ELISA, and described an elevation of GPBB at clinical diagnosis, rather as a phenotypical feature of clinical Pre-eclampsia, but not a diagnostic test. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence at all to offer the qualitative determination of GPBB in capillary blood of pregnant women; its clinical use is not supported whatsoever.

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We report the complete genome sequence of the first Mexican human coronavirus (HCoV) OC43, obtained by new-generation sequencing and a metagenomic approach, isolated from a child hospitalized with pneumonia. The genome is closely related to the other OC43 genome sequences available, ranging from 99.8% to 98.2% nucleotide sequence identity.

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La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad endocrina que causa deterioro del organismo cuando no se lleva un control adecuado. Es uno de los padecimientos crónicos más frecuentes de la infancia y uno de los problemas sanitarios más exigentes del siglo XXI. Además, los gastos económicos y los costos intangibles como los problemas emocionales tienen un gran impacto en la vida del infante que es diagnosticado con diabetes y en su familia; esto incluye estrés, dolor, miedo y ansiedad. Por ello, la expectativa y calidad de vida pueden resultar muy deterioradas. Objetivo: Conocer las emociones generadas por el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en el infante y su familia. Método: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante una entrevista a profundidad, observación participante, audiograbaciones y notas de campo. La participante fue una familia perteneciente al municipio de Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Resultados: Se presentan resultados de una categoría (Emociones) con sus 2 subcategorías: a) en el momento del diagnóstico y b) en el momento de llegar a casa. El rigor metodológico se garantizó a través de la credibilidad, auditabilidad y transferibilidad. Conclusiones: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es un padecimiento que genera gran impacto emocional en la familia; ante este escenario, consideramos que es la enfermera quien debe acompañar a la familia y extender el cuidado al hogar.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an endocrine illness which causes body deterioration when adequate control is not followed. It is one of the most frequent chronic conditions among infants, and one of the most challenging health problems of the 21st century. This condition causes the family of the infant diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type 1 to face important economic costs as well as emotional suffering in the form of stress, fear, and anxiety. Thus, the family's quality of life can be considerably diminished. Objective: To explore the emotions in the family as a result of their infant's diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus type 1. Method: This is a study with a qualitative-phenomenological approach. Data were collected with an in-depth interview, observations, audio recordings, and field notes. The family comes from a county of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. Results: Emotions-related results are shown in 2 sub-categories: a) at the moment of diagnosis and b) at the moment of arriving at home. The methodological rigor was supported by means of credibility, audit-proneness, and transferability. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an illness which causes a significant emotional impact on the family, and within this scenario, we consider that nurses, through diverse forms, can significantly help these families cope with these situations.

A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 é uma doença endócrina que causa deterioro do organismo quando não se efetuar um controle adequado. É uma das doenças crônicas mais frequentes da infância e um dos problemas de saúde mais exigentes do século XXI. Além disso, as despesas econômicas e os custos intangíveis como os problemas emocionais têm um grande impacto na família e na criança que é diagnosticada com diabetes, isto reúne estrese, dor, medo e ansiedade. Por esta razão, a expetativa e qualidade de vida podem resultar muito deterioradas. Objetivos: Conhecer as emoções geradas pelo diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na criança e sua família. Método: Estudo com abordagem qualitativa fenomenológica. A recolecção dos dados realizou-se mediante uma entrevista a profundidade, observação participante, áudio gravações e notas de campo. Uma família foi a participante pertencente ao município de Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Resultados: Presentaram-se resultados de uma categoria: Emoções com suas duas subcategorias: a) no momento do diagnóstico e b) no momento de chegar em casa. O rigor metodológico garantiu-se através da credibilidade, a auditabilidade e transferibilidade. Conclusões: A diabetes mellitus tipo 1, é um padecimento que gera grande impacto emocional na família, face este cenário, consideramos que é a enfermeira quem deve acompanhar à família e abranger o cuidado ao lar.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of serial determinations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations during pregnancy to predict pre-eclampsia, taking into account maternal obesity and B vitamin status. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Two obstetric referral hospitals. SAMPLE: Two hundred and fifty-two of 411 women invited to participate in the study. METHODS: The women made monthly visits from ≤20 weeks of gestation until delivery for measurements of plasma ADMA, Hcy, and vitamins B6 , B12, and folic acid, and for the recording of clinical information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Early elevations in plasma ADMA and Hcy related to the development of pre-eclampsia. RESULTS: Of the 252 women who completed the study, 179 had no complications, 49 developed pre-eclampsia, and 24 presented with complications other than pre-eclampsia. ADMA and Hcy increased gradually throughout pregnancy in the pre-eclampsia group, independent of maternal B-vitamin status and obesity, but remained constant in women with no complications. Relative to the preceding month, ADMA and Hcy levels increased 1 month prior to the onset of pre-eclampsia: 124 ± 27 nmol (P < 0.001) and 1177 ± 278 nmol (P = 0.001), respectively, in the pre-eclampsia group. The group of women with no complications did not show any significant changes. Increases of 80 nmol ADMA and 1000 nmol Hcy at 1 month prior to the onset of pre-eclampsia demonstrated the best potential for prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Increased ADMA and Hcy levels precede clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia. Therefore, serial determinations of their concentrations may be helpful in identifying women at risk. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Increased ADMA and Hcy precede clinical pre-eclampsia and may identify women at risk.

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BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase 1 trial in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer by injecting 0.5 ml of the CK2-antagonist CIGB-300 in two different sites on tumours to assess tumour uptake, safety, pharmacodynamic activity and identify the recommended dose. METHODS: Fourteen patients were treated with intralesional injections containing 35 or 70 mg of CIGB-300 in three alternate cycles of three consecutive days each before standard chemoradiotherapy. Tumour uptake was determined using (99)Tc-radiolabelled peptide. In situ B23/nucleophosmin was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Maximum tumour uptake for CIGB-300 70-mg dose was significantly higher than the one observed for 35 mg: 16.1 ± 8.9 vs 31.3 ± 12.9 mg (P = 0.01). Both, AUC24h and biological half-life were also significantly higher using 70 mg of CIGB-300 (P < 0.001). Unincorporated CIGB-300 diffused rapidly to blood and was mainly distributed towards kidneys, and marginally in liver, lungs, heart and spleen. There was no DLT and moderate allergic-like reactions were the most common systemic side effect with strong correlation between unincorporated CIGB-300 and histamine levels in blood. CIGB-300, 70 mg, downregulated B23/nucleophosmin (P = 0.03) in tumour specimens. CONCLUSION: Intralesional injections of 70 mg CIGB-300 in two sites (0.5 ml per injection) and this treatment plan are recommended to be evaluated in phase 2 studies.

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OBJECTIVES: To analyze the expression of protein markers related to cell proliferation and death, as well as oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium of infertile women with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) or recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH), and compare them with ovulatory women. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 12 control ovulatory women and 29 anovulatory women, 19 of whom underwent ovulation induction with CC (n = 12) or rFSH (n = 5). Endometrial biopsies were obtained by Pipelle during the mid-secretory phase. Samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry of proteins related to cell proliferation and cell death, as well as steroid receptors, was undertaken, and apoptosis was determined using TUNEL analysis. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki67 expression showed significantly higher expression in the glandular epithelium of ovulatory women compared with the other groups. Glandular oestrogen receptor α expression was significantly lower in rFSH-treated women compared with ovulatory women. The number of apoptotic cells, Bax expression and progesterone receptor expression were similar in all groups. In contrast, Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower in the glandular epithelium of rFSH-treated women. CONCLUSIONS: In infertile women with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, treatment with ovulation-inducing agents modifies the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and death, as well as the expression of steroid hormone receptors in the endometrium. These differences may help to explain, at the molecular level, the functionality of the endometrium during the implantation window, and may help to optimize pregnancy rates obtained with these treatments.

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The effect of carbamates on engorged female Rhipicephalus microplus ticks and larvae was evaluated using the adult immersion test (AIT) and the larval packet test (LPT), respectively. Seventeen synthetic carbamates different from current commercial acaricides were synthesised at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. None of the carbamates had an effect on the percentage of females laying eggs. Six of the compounds inhibited egg laying up to 65.4% and inhibited egg hatching by up to 100% (p<0.05). Compared to untreated females, eggs produced by treated females had a dark, dry, opaque appearance and were less adherent. Carbamates LQM 934 and LQM 938 had an effect on larval mortality (p<0.05). Carbamate LQM 934 showed lethal concentrations (LC) of LC90=0.76% and LC99=0.87%, while LQM 938 showed concentrations of LC90=0.267% and LC99=0.305%. The compounds were distributed into three classes of acaricidal activity using the AIT or the LPT. These three classes were as follows: (1) compounds having no apparent effect; (2) compounds that inhibit egg laying and embryo development or (3) compounds that exhibit acaricidal activity to larval ticks.

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Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Fibrilación Auricular en pacientes hospitalizados por Enfermedad Cerebrovascular. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad Cerebrovascular del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia y del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza desde febrero a junio del 2006, completßndose 136 casos (29 del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia y 107 del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza). Resultados: Entre los 136 pacientes con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular, 116 fueron de etiología isquémica (85.3 por ciento) y 20 hemorrßgica. 75 fueron mujeres (55.1 por ciento). La prevalencia de Fibrilación Auricular encontrada fue:13,2 por ciento. La edad media de los pacientes con Fibrilación Auricular (79.72 ± 7.09) fue mayor que aquellos sin Fibrilación Auricular (65.75 ± 14.73) (p<0.01). La dilatación auricular izquierda fue el hallazgo ecocardiogrßfico mßs frecuente (92.3 por ciento) en pacientes con Fibrilación Auricular (p<0.01). Conclusiones: La Fibrilación Auricular es una entidad frecuente en pacientes con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular; aproximadamente 1 de cada 8 personas con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular tiene Fibrilación Auricular, siendo la edad media de estos pacientes mayor. No es infrecuente encontrar pacientes con evento cardioembólico y otras comorbilidades.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation in hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was made. The clinical charts of hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Disease from February to June 2006 in ôHospital Nacional Cayetano Herediaõ and ôHospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayzaõ were reviewed. 136 cases were reviewed (29 from the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, and 107 from the Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza). Results: Among the patients with Cerebrovascular Disease, 116 were ischemic (85.3 per cent) and 20 were hemorrhagic. 75 were females (55.1 per cent). The prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation found was 13.2 per cent. The mean age of the Atrial Fibrillation group (79.72 ± 7.09) was higher than those without it (65.75 ± 14.73) (p< 0.01). Left atrium`s enlargement was the most frequent finding in the Atrial Fibrillation group (92.3 per cent) (p<0.01). Conclusions: Atrial Fibrillation is a frequent entity in patients with Cerebrovascular Disease, approximately 1 of every 8 patients with stroke hasAtrial Fibrillation. The mean age of patients with Atrial Fibrillation is higher than those without it. Patients whohad suffered a cardioembolic event also have various comorbidities associated.

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Background: Dengue infections may affect the liver, causing inflammation and compromising its function. Aim: To determine serum aminotransferases in patients with Dengue. Material and methods: One hundred eighty four patients with Dengue confirmed with anti-Dengue IgG and IgM antibodies measured by ELISA, aged 1 month to 79 years, were studied. As controls, 40 patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection aged 11 to 59 years and 40 healthy individuals, aged 14 to 55 years, were also studied. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) were determined using a colorimetric method. Results: Sixty one percent of patients with Dengue had elevated aminotransferase levels. In patients with Dengue and hepatitis B, mean ALT levels were 21.3±8.4 and 29.7±18.8 U/I, respectively. Mean AST values were 37.3±19, 19.6± 16.4 and 4.3±1.7 U/I in patients with Dengue, hepatitis B and controls, respectively. During the year 2001, there was an increase in the number of cases with hemorrhagic fever caused by Dengue and 65 percent had elevation of aminotransferases. Conclusions: An increase in aminotransf erase levels is common in patients with Dengue.

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