RESUMEN

Extra-intestinal infection with non-O1/non-O139 strains of Vibrio cholerae (NOVC) is rare, though bacteremia and hepatobiliary manifestations have been reported. Reduced stomach acid, or hypochlorhydria, can increase risk of V. cholerae infection. We describe a 42-year-old woman with hypochlorhydria due to untreated Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric-bypass surgery, and chronic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) exposure, who developed acute diarrhoea following raw oyster consumption. Her symptoms were attributed to rapid gastric emptying (dumping syndrome) after a negative limited stool work-up. She had persistent diarrhoea, weight loss, and after 5 months was admitted with acute cholecystitis and NOVC bacteremia, requiring cholecystectomy. This is the first reported case of NOVC bacteremia and cholecystitis in a patient with gastric bypass. This case highlights the potential for NOVC biliary carriage, the role of hypochlorhydria as a risk factor for Vibrio infection, and the importance of excluding infectious diarrhoea in patients with new onset of symptoms compatible with dumping syndrome and a relevant travel history.

RESUMEN

Background: The propensity of thymic cysts to mimic solid thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) on computed tomography (CT), on account of attenuation values greater than water and thickened or calcified walls, can lead to non-therapeutic thymectomy. These lesions can fluctuate in volume, CT attenuation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal over time. We hypothesized that spontaneous hemorrhage and resorption may contribute to their variable appearance over time. Methods: Completely excised thymic cysts were identified retrospectively over a 20-year period by their pathologic diagnosis. Cysts were excluded if they did not have available presurgical imaging, were not prevascular, were located within or contained an enhancing mass by imaging, or were of non-thymic origin upon microscopic review. Histopathological analysis of all available resected thymic cyst material and radiologic analysis of the cysts on pre-operative imaging were performed. Results: Upon application of exclusion criteria, we identified 18 thymic cysts from the initial 85 mediastinal cystic specimens. Most cysts were unilocular (11/15, 73%), showed turbid-to-semisolid, hemorrhagic fluid (10/12, 83%) and showed histopathological findings suggestive of intralesional microbleeding (14/18, 78%), remodeling (8/18, 44%), pathological wound healing/scarring of the capsule (16/18, 89%), and fat necrosis in the surrounding thymic tissue (12/18, 67%). On CT, 6/17 (35%) cysts demonstrated wall calcification. Sixty-five percent (11/17) had attenuation values ≥20 Hounsfield units (HU). Two of the 4 cysts imaged by MRI were T1-isointense, one was mixed hyper- and isointense, and one T1-hypointense to muscle, with iso- and hyperintensity indicating hemorrhagic or proteinaceous content. Twenty-five percent (1/4) of cyst walls imaged by MRI were T1/T2-hypointense, indicating presence of calcification, hemosiderin, and/or fibrosis. Conclusions: Resected thymic cysts in this cohort often showed features suggestive of intralesional microbleeding, inflammation, and fibrosis, which may explain their appearance and behavior over time on CT and MRI.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Multiple vaccines have been approved since August 2021 to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2; however, 20-40% of immunocompromised people fail to develop SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination and remain at high risk of infection and more severe illness than non-immunocompromised hosts. Sotrovimab (VIR-7831) is a monoclonal neutralizing antibody that binds a conserved epitope on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. It is neither renally excreted nor metabolized by P450 enzymes and therefore unlikely to interact with concomitant medications (e.g., immunosuppressive medications). In this open-label feasibility study protocol, we will define the optimal dose and dosing interval of sotrovimab as pre-exposure prophylaxis for immunocompromised individuals as well as its safety and tolerability in this population specifically. METHODS: We will enroll 93 eligible immunocompromised adults with a negative or low-positive (< 50 U/mL) SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody. In phase 1, the first 10 patients will participate in a lead-in pharmacokinetics (PK) cohort study to determine the optimal dosing interval. Phase 2 will expand this population to 50 participants to examine rates of infusion-related reactions (IRR) with a 30-min 500 mg sotrovimab IV infusion. Phase 3 will be an expansion cohort for further assessment of the safety and tolerability of sotrovimab. In phase 4, the first 10 patients receiving 2000 mg IV of sotrovimab on the second sotrovimab infusion day will comprise a lead-in safety cohort that will inform the duration of observation following administration of the drug. The patients will be followed for safety and COVID-19 events for 36 weeks after the second dose. DISCUSSION: In a previous phase III randomized, placebo-controlled pivotal trial, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of adverse events in patients receiving sotrovimab vs. placebo. Thus, we propose an open-label feasibility study protocol of sotrovimab as pre-exposure prophylaxis for immunocompromised individuals to evaluate its PK in immunocompromised individuals with impaired SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity and define optimal dosing intervals. We also aim to determine COVID-19 infections over the study period and self-reported quality of life measures throughout the study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05210101.

RESUMEN

Dysfunction of the immune system and mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology. Mutations and increased kinase activity of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are linked to both idiopathic and familial PD. However, the function of LRRK2 in the immune cells under inflammatory conditions is contradictory. Our results showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation increased the kinase activity of LRRK2 in parental RAW 264.7 (WT) cells. In addition to this, LRRK2 deletion in LRRK2 KO RAW 264.7 (KO) cells altered cell morphology following LPS stimulation compared to the WT cells, as shown by an increase in the cell impedance as observed by the xCELLigence measurements. LPS stimulation caused an increase in the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in both WT and KO cells. However, WT cells displayed a higher ROS level compared to the KO cells. Moreover, LRRK2 deletion led to a reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) inflammatory cytokine and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and an increase in lactate production after LPS stimulation compared to the WT cells. These data illustrate that LRRK2 has an effect on inflammatory processes in RAW macrophages upon LPS stimulation.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The goal of this retrospective chart review study was to explore factors that contributed to consideration of or actual pump explantation in pediatric patients with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps. METHODS: Medical records of 30 patients with ITB pumps were reviewed. Quantitative data, including demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and service utilization variables were culled from the records. Qualitative data were collected from clinic visit notes, pump-related follow-up phone calls, and any pump-related emergency room visits. RESULTS: Of those reviewed, six underwent ITB pump explantation, and two considered explantation. Factors contributing to pump explantation or consideration of explantation included the following: postoperative infection, pump malfunction, non-adherence, anxiety/behavioral factors impacting the patient's tolerance of the pump, distance to the medical provider, frequency of required pump refill appointments, lack or perceived lack of intrathecal baclofen effect, and difficulty transitioning to adult care providers. CONCLUSION: Due to the complex care regimen associated with ITB pumps and various psychosocial and logistical factors that impact treatment success, a standardized multidisciplinary pre-implantation education, screening, and assessment process should be developed. Such a process would ensure that patients/families receive appropriate education, including proactively identifying treatment barriers and potential complications, possibly minimizing dissatisfaction with treatment and the need for explantation.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Latin American patients in the United States experience significant health disparities. Community health workers (promotoras de salud) reduce disparities by providing culturally appropriate education. While educational interventions have been studied in atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic dermatologic condition affecting children, none have evaluated the use of promotoras in Spanish-speaking pediatric patients in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To create and evaluate a promotora-led education program for Spanish-speaking caregivers of Latin American, pediatric patients with AD through a randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded study. METHODS: Children with moderate/severe AD (n = 48) were recruited from the pediatric dermatology clinic at Children's Health℠ in Dallas, TX and randomized to receive clinic education (n = 26) or clinic education plus promotora home visits (n = 22). The primary outcome was overall adherence to topical emollients over the 12-week study, quantified by MEMSCap™ devices; several secondary endpoints were evaluated. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis revealed a trend toward increased overall adherence to emollients over the 12-week study period in promotora (median [interquartile range, IQR]: 43% [26%-61%]) versus non-promotora (median [IQR]: 20% [11%-49%]) (p = .09) groups. SCORAD, AD knowledge, and Spanish-language Parental Quality of Life Questionnaire for AD (Sp-PIQoL-AD) improved in both groups, although there was no statistically significant difference between groups. There was a trend toward increased AD knowledge at Week 4 (p = .06) in the promotora group. CONCLUSIONS: A promotora-led educational intervention is a promising approach in increasing caregiver medication adherence in pediatric, Latin American patients with AD in the United States. Further research using creative and culturally appropriate strategies to increase medication adherence is necessary to reduce health disparities in other racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This initiative aimed to assess adherence to Scottish Rite for Children's serial casting protocol for children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW), factors related to adherence, and outcomes after education regarding the protocol. METHODS: 60 patients aged 7.1±2.7 years who completed serial casting were examined at baseline phase (n = 30) and post-education phase (n = 30). Protocols include weekly serial casting for 4 to 6 weeks to achieve 10° of ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) passive range of motion (PROM) with knees extended (KE), assessing the foot posture index (FPI-6) and single leg stance (SLS). Baseline phase evaluated adherence to protocols. Education phase evaluated factors related to adherence and education regarding serial casting findings. Post-education phase evaluated the impact of the education phase. RESULTS: Serial casting averaged 4.8±1.5 weeks (n = 60). ADF PROM was measured with 100% adherence. ADF PROM KE averaged -10.7° pre-cast and significantly improved to +6.5° post-cast (n = 60), and it significantly improved post-cast post-education (p = 0.04). FPI-6 and SLS adherence significantly improved post-cast post-education. FPI-6 total score averaged +5.3 at baseline and +5.8 post-cast (n = 35). CONCLUSION: Education of staff in serial casting protocols improved adherence and patient outcomes. Patients with ITW and ADF PROM KE -10° benefit from serial casting to improve PROM and to allow for orthotic use post-casting.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of non-progressive disorders of motor function in children resulting from an injury to an immature brain. In addition to abnormal limb and trunk movement, individuals with CP can experience involuntary muscle contractions of the lower facial muscle groups, causing oromandibular dystonia (OMD). Contraction of the lateral pterygoids and submandibular muscles depresses the mandible. OMD involving the lateral pterygoids can therefore lead to involuntary jaw opening posture, affecting the ability to feed and speak effectively. We present a case series of five patients with CP and OMD that received novel ultrasound-guided onabotulinumtoxinA to the lateral pterygoid muscles. Our goal was to determine if chemodenervation would improve the mouth-closing ability, thus in turn improving the ability to swallow, chew, manage secretions, and communicate. We describe this unique injection method and report a subjective improvement in eating abilities and communication, in addition to a positive upward trend in most patients' weights, with no significant adverse side effects.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Despite evidence of multiorgan tropism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), direct viral kidney invasion has been difficult to demonstrate. The question of whether SARS-CoV2 can directly infect the kidney is relevant to the understanding of pathogenesis of AKI and collapsing glomerulopathy in patients with COVID-19. Methodologies to document SARS-CoV-2 infection that have been used include immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. In our review of studies to date, we found that SARS-CoV-2 in the kidneys of patients with COVID-19 was detected in 18 of 94 (19%) by immunohistochemistry, 71 of 144 (49%) by RT-PCR, and 11 of 84 (13%) by in situ hybridization. In a smaller number of patients with COVID-19 examined by immunofluorescence, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 10 of 13 (77%). In total, in kidneys from 102 of 235 patients (43%), the presence of SARS-CoV-2 was suggested by at least one of the methods used. Despite these positive findings, caution is needed because many other studies have been negative for SARS-CoV-2 and it should be noted that when detected, it was only in kidneys obtained at autopsy. There is a clear need for studies from kidney biopsies, including those performed at early stages of the COVID-19-associated kidney disease. Development of tests to detect kidney viral infection in urine samples would be more practical as a noninvasive way to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 infection during the evolution of COVID-19-associated kidney disease.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

COVID-19 continues to alter daily life around the globe. Education is particularly affected by shifts to distance learning. This change has poignant effects on all aspects of academic life, including the consequence of increased mental stress reported specifically for students. COVID-19 cancellations of many summer fellowships and internships for undergraduates across the country increased students' uncertainty about their educational opportunities and careers. When the pandemic necessitated elimination of on-campus programming at Mayo Clinic, a new program was developed for remote delivery. Summer Foundations in Research (SFIR) was drafted around 4 aims: 1) support the academic trajectory gap in research science created by COVID-19; 2) build sustainable scientific relationships with mentors, peers, and the community; 3) create opportunities for participants to share and address concerns with their own experiences in the pandemic; and 4) provide support for individual wellbeing. SFIR included research training, but also training in communication through generative Dialogue and resilience through Amit Sood's SMART program. 170 participants were followed for outcomes in these spaces. Knowledge of and interest in careers involving biomedical research rose significantly following SFIR. Participants' mean confidence levels in 12 Key areas of research rose between 0.08 to 1.32 points on a 7-point scale. The strongest gains in mean confidence levels were seen in designing a study and collaborating with others. SFIR participants demonstrated gains in perceived happiness, and measured resilience and a reduction in stress. Participants' qualitative responses indicated exceptionally positive mentor relationships and specific benefit of both the SMART program and Dialogue.

RESUMEN

When COVID-19 caused worldwide cancellations of summer research immersion programs in 2020, Mayo Clinic rallied to create an alternate virtual experience called Summer Foundations in Research (SFIR). SFIR was designed not only to ensure the continuance of science pathways training for undergraduate scientists but also to support undergraduate mental wellbeing, given the known pandemic stressors. A total of 170 participants took part in the program and were surveyed pre-post for outcomes in biomedical research career knowledge, biomedical research career interest, research skills confidence, and three dimensions of mental wellbeing. Knowledge of and interest in careers involving biomedical research rose significantly following participation in SFIR. The participants' mean research skills confidence also rose between 0.08 and 1.32 points on a 7-point scale across 12 items from the Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory. Success in science pathways support was accompanied by positive shifts in participant mental wellbeing. Measurable decreases in stress (Perceived Stress Scale, p < 0.0001) accompanied gains in resilience (Brief Resilience Scale, p < 0.0001) and life satisfaction (Satisfaction with Life Scale, p = 0.0005). Collectively, the data suggest that core objectives of traditional in-person summer research programming can be accomplished virtually and that these programs can simultaneously impact student wellbeing. This theoretical framework is particularly salient during COVID-19, but the increased accessibility of virtual programs such as SFIR can continue to bolster science education pathways long after the pandemic is gone.

RESUMEN

Smaller, smarter, more portable rehabilitation technology has the potential to improve the ability of individuals with cerebral palsy to perform activities and increase participation. Robotics and virtual reality may improve movement by maximizing exercise dose, providing feedback, and motivating users. Augmentative and alternative communication technology is facilitating communication. Robots can help with self-care and provide encouragement and instruction in rehabilitation programs. Mobile applications can provide education and resources. Conducting high-quality research to validate technological advances in our field has been a major focus of researchers and advocacy groups.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIM: This cross-sectional study characterized the prevalence, trends, sociodemographic factors, and clinical factors that are associated with a coded diagnosis of malnutrition (CDM) among hospitalized children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the USA. METHOD: We used data from the 2002 to 2015 National Inpatient Sample database and restricted the analysis to hospitalized children with CP between 2 and 17 years of age. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes for CP, malnutrition, and comorbidities associated with CP were used to characterize hospitalizations for this population. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify the sociodemographic factors and comorbidities associated with a diagnosis of malnutrition. RESULTS: The average documented rate of CDM among hospitalized children with CP was 7.9% and nearly doubled during the study period. The model suggests that younger age, non-white ethnicity, lower income, and non-private insurance/payer status were associated with increased odds of documented malnutrition. Concomitant inpatient diagnoses of epilepsy, dysphagia, scoliosis, reflux, and constipation were associated with higher rates of CDM. INTERPRETATION: The rate of CDM in hospitalized patients with CP is well under the estimated clinical prevalence of 30% to 40%. Multiple sociodemographic, hospital, and clinical factors are associated with higher rates of CDM. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: The documented rate of malnutrition in hospitalized children with cerebral palsy (CP) averaged 7.9% yearly. For hospitalized children with CP, documentation of malnutrition nearly doubled between 2002 and 2015. Economically disadvantaged and minority ethnic groups had a greater likelihood of malnutrition documentation. Inpatient malnutrition documentation was more likely with some comorbidities indicative of greater impairments. Gastrointestinal disorders increased the likelihood of an inpatient-documented diagnosis of malnutrition.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: We use clinical, ECG, and biochemical data to stratify risk in patients with chest pain without ST segment elevation. However, the prognostic performance of these studies in relation to time from onset of symptoms is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHOD: In a single-center, prospective study, 321 consecutive patients who had been admitted in the emergency room with a suspected acute coronary syndrome without ST segment elevation were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for CK, CK-MB mass, myoglobin, and cardiac troponin T analysis 6, 12 and 18 hours after the onset of pain and other clinical and ECG data were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to identify independent prognostic predictors 6 and 12 hours after the onset of chest pain. RESULTS: Five variables were independent predictors of the recurrence of ischemia. The model correctly classified 82% of the patients. Age, history of coronary artery disease, prolonged chest pain at rest in the preceding 15 days, pain, ST-segment changes with pain, and cardiac troponin T in excess of 0.1 ng/m 12 hours after the onset of chest pain were identified by logistic regression. A similar model was analyzed at 6 hours, after changing the cutoff point for cardiac troponin T. Cardiac troponin T was considered positive with values of 0.04 ng/ml 6 hours after the onset of chest pain. CONCLUSIONS: More than 80% of the patients admitted to the emergency room with chest pain without ST segment elevation can be correctly classified for new ischemic recurrences using clinical, ECG, and biochemical parameters 6 hours after the onset of pain.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción. Utilizamos datos clínicos, ECG y bioquímicos en la estratificación pronóstica inicial de los pacientes con dolor torácico sin ascenso persistente del segmento ST. Su rendimiento pronóstico global, basado en el tiempo desde el inicio de los síntomas, no ha sido estudiado .Pacientes y método. Estudio unicéntrico y prospectivo de 321 pacientes consecutivos que acudieron a urgencias con sospecha de síndrome coronario agudo sin ascenso persistente del segmento ST y menos de 12 h de evolución. Se determinaron la creatincinasa (CK), la CKMB masa, la mioglobina y la troponina T cardíaca a las 6, 12 y 18 h desde el inicio del cuadro. Analizamos de manera uni y multivariada las variables clínicas, ECG y bioquímicas para identificar predictores pronósticos independientes a las 6 y 12 h, valorando el rendimiento pronóstico global. Resultados. En el análisis de regresión logística, 5 variables obtenidas resultaron predictoras independientes para nuevos acontecimientos cardiovasculares y permitieron clasificar correctamente al 82 por ciento de los pacientes: edad, cardiopatía isquémica previa, dolor prolongado en los 15 días previos, dolor y cambios del segmento ST con dolor y troponina T superior a 0,1 ng/ml a las 12 h del inicio del dolor. La troponina T, considerada positiva con valores superiores a 0,04 ng/ml a las 6 h, permite un modelo a las 6 h similar al de las 12 h. Conclusiones. Es posible identificar correctamente la evolución clínica de más del 80 por ciento de los pacientes que ingresan con dolor torácico sin ascenso del segmento ST con variables clínicas, ECG y bioquímicas en el plazo de 6 h desde el inicio del cuadro (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Trata de un caso clínico de un paciente de 7 años de edad con diagnóstico de Sarampión confirmado por el laboratorio Izquieta Pérez, que se presentó en la población rural de Pacto perteneciente a Pichincha. Constituye el terce caso de Sarampión confirmado en dicha institución en lo que va del año. Creemos importante la exposición de dicho trabajo si consideramos que el Sarampión es una de las enfermedades en nuestro país.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Analiza que el inicio de la vida reproductiva de la mujer está marcado por el aparecimiento de la menarquia y la edad de presentación de la misma se encuentra influenciada por factores nutricionales, condiciones socioeconómicas y ambientales. En el Ecuador, al igual que en otros países, los embarazos en las adolescentes constituyen un importante problema de salud pública, por este motivo debe existir una buena educación sobre sexualidad a fin de prolongar el período existente entre menarquia y primer embarazo. El objetivo fue investigar la edad de presentación de la menarquia, del primer embarazo y el período intergenésico, en un grupo de mujeres residentes en diferentes zonas geográficas de la provincia de Imbabura. Se incluyeron todas las mujeres en edad fértil, que acudieron para atención médica en estas unidades operativas de La Carolina (800 m snm, raza negra); Quichinche (3000 m snm, raza indígena); Pablo Arenas y Cahuasquí (2300 m snm, raza mestiza)...

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo realizado entre los años de 1995 a 1997, de los casos de Tricomoniasis vaginal diagnosticados y tratados en la población rural de pacto perteneciente a la provincia de Pichincha, en mujeres mayores de 15 años, que acudieron a la consulta externa del Subcentro de Salud (SCS) de dicha población. Se analizaron algunas variables como edad, estado civil, número de casos por año. La tricomoniasis es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual y es responsable aproximadamente del 25 por ciento de la vaginitis sintomáticas y está presente en el 12 a 30 por ciento de las gestantes en forma general, constituye un tema que en los 90 es muy común y deberá ser tratado adecuadamente para evitar una cadena de transmisión que pueda traer complicaciones.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La violencia sexual es un fenomeno que en los ultimos anos se presenta en la sociedad colombiana con mayor grado de incidencia. Este evento se ve acrecentado por la presencia de mitos de una sociedad prevalentemente machista, con otros aspectos como la deficiente educacion sexual y el deterioro de los valores humanos. Este problema constituye para las victimas, su familia y la sociedad en general una situacion de considerables repercusiones biosicosociales y por lo tanto requieren de una atencion precisa por un equipo de salud preparado debidamente. Para tal efecto el grupo de investigacion trabajo con la comunidad del barrio Patio Bonito sector Tayrona y con las enfermeras jefes de la regional No.5 de Bogota D.E. con el objetivo de identificar ideosincracia sobre abuso sexual en los dos grupos respectivamente. Con base en los resultados se puede inferir que la integridad personal es la mas afectada ante la situacion conflictiva que se experimenta ante el hecho. En cuanto a la atencion brindada por el equipo de salud especificamente por la enfermera, se puede afirmar que no cuenta con una base de conocimientos para afrontar la crisis de una mujer victima de abuso sexual, motivo por el cual esta atencion es empirica y puede llevar a la victima a que su problema se complique aun mas. El grupo de investigacion ha realizado una propuesta de atencion a la mujer victima de abuso sexual con base en el proceso de enfermeria identificando los posibles diagnosticos y patrones alterados que se presentan en estas personas para dar una mejor atencion inmediata y disminuir el..

Asunto(s)