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Objetivo: Entre las alternativas a la cirugía conservadora del cáncer de mama, la ablación por radiofrecuencia (ARF) es la que ha alcanzado mayor difusión. Nuestro objetivo es determinar la factibilidad, seguridad y eficacia de esta técnica en nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Se realiza ARF de carcinomas de mama con anestesia local y en la sala de ecografía, tratamiento quirúrgico y comprobación histológica posterior, evaluando los efectos de la ARF sobre el tumor y los tejidos circundantes. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 35 pacientes con edad media de 61,2±8,25 años, todas con carcinoma infiltrante confirmado percutáneamente,<2cm, alejado de la piel y la pared torácica. Tamaño tumoral medio 8,9±2,9mm. Se realizó linfadenectomía selectiva antes de la ARF. A las 2–4 semanas de ésta se llevó a cabo el tratamiento quirúrgico. Material y métodos: El grado de necrosis de coagulación y la afectación de márgenes se evaluaron con tinción de hematoxilina-eosina, y la viabilidad celular o efectividad de la ARF mediante NADH-diaforasa. Resultados: El 85,7% de pacientes no sintió molestias. El 11,4% refirió dolor ligero que pudo ser controlado. El dolor intenso obligó a detener el procedimiento en 1 paciente. No se produjeron otras complicaciones. Resultados: Se encontraron cambios de necrosis coagulativa en todos los casos, catalogada como completa en 32/35 (91,4%). La NADH-diaforasa resultó negativa en 27/32 casos en que se realizó. Una fue ligeramente positiva y 4 no valorables. Conclusión: La ARF es una técnica factible, bien tolerada, segura y eficaz en casi el 90% de los tumores infiltrantes de mama. La confirmación de su eficacia deberá hacerse mediante seguimiento prolongado de pacientes no intervenidas, con ensayos clínicos en fase III cuidadosamente diseñados y monitorizados (AU)

Objective: Among the alternatives to breast conserving surgery in breast cancer, radiofrequency ablation is the most widespread. We aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this technique in our environment. Material and methods: We performed radiofrequency ablation of breast carcinomas under local anesthesia in the ultrasonography examination room. We included 35 patients (mean age = 61.2 ± 8.25 years) with invasive carcinomas measuring less than 2 cm (mean diameter = 8.9 ± 2.9mm) and located far from the skin and chest wall. Prior to radiofrequency treatment, all patients underwent core biopsy to confirm that the tumors were invasive carcinomas and selective lymphadenectomy. Carcinomas were excised 2 to 4 weeks after radiofrequency treatment and analyzed histologically to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency treatment on the tumor and surrounding tissue. The degree of coagulation necrosis and involvement of the margins was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cellular viability or effectiveness of the radiofrequency treatment was evaluated using NADH diaphorase. Results: In total, 85.7% of patients reported no discomfort; 11.4% reported mild, controllable pain. Intense pain required the procedure to be discontinued in one patient. No other complications occurred. Results: Signs of coagulation necrosis were observed in all cases; coagulation necrosis was classified as complete in 32/35 (91.4%). NADH diaphorase was negative in 27 of the 32 cases in which it was performed; one case was slightly positive and the other four were impossible to evaluate. Conclusion: Radiofrequency ablation of breast carcinomas is feasible, well tolerated, safe, and efficacious in nearly 90% of invasive tumors. The efficacy of the technique should be confirmed through extended follow-up of patients without subsequent surgical intervention in carefully designed and monitored phase III trials (AU)

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OBJECTIVE: Among the alternatives to breast conserving surgery in breast cancer, radiofrequency ablation is the most widespread. We aimed to determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of this technique in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed radiofrequency ablation of breast carcinomas under local anesthesia in the ultrasonography examination room. We included 35 patients (mean age=61.2+/-8.25 years) with invasive carcinomas measuring less than 2cm (mean diameter=8.9+/-2.9mm) and located far from the skin and chest wall. Prior to radiofrequency treatment, all patients underwent core biopsy to confirm that the tumors were invasive carcinomas and selective lymphadenectomy. Carcinomas were excised 2 to 4 weeks after radiofrequency treatment and analyzed histologically to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency treatment on the tumor and surrounding tissue. The degree of coagulation necrosis and involvement of the margins was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cellular viability or effectiveness of the radiofrequency treatment was evaluated using NADH diaphorase. RESULTS: In total, 85.7% of patients reported no discomfort; 11.4% reported mild, controllable pain. Intense pain required the procedure to be discontinued in one patient. No other complications occurred. Signs of coagulation necrosis were observed in all cases; coagulation necrosis was classified as complete in 32/35 (91.4%). NADH diaphorase was negative in 27 of the 32 cases in which it was performed; one case was slightly positive and the other four were impossible to evaluate. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation of breast carcinomas is feasible, well tolerated, safe, and efficacious in nearly 90% of invasive tumors. The efficacy of the technique should be confirmed through extended follow-up of patients without subsequent surgical intervention in carefully designed and monitored phase III trials.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of 11 G vacuum-assisted percutaneous biopsy (VAPB) carried out on digital stereotaxic table, on breast non-palpable lesions (NPLs), non-visible by US. Prospective study on 132 consecutive NPLs (126 patients) not reliably found by US; 82% showed microcalcifications. Surgical confirmation was obtained in all malignant cases and when VAPB reported atypical lesion (ductal or lobular), radial scar or atypical papillary lesion. All patients with benign results were included in a mammographic follow-up programme. Two cases could not be dealt with due to technical difficulties. One to 26 cylinders were obtained from the remaining 130 NPLs. Sixty-four lesions were surgically confirmed. Forty-six of the 47 malignancies were correctly diagnosed. In one case of a malignant tumour, an atypical lesion was classified with VAPB. All cases of histologically verified lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia, radial scar or atypical papillary lesion were correctly diagnosed preoperatively. The remaining lesions were benign in VAPB, and after 1 year of follow-up, no false negative has been found. Based on this short-term follow-up, absolute sensitivity was 97.9%, absolute specificity 84.3% and accuracy was 99.2%. For predicting invasion, accuracy was 89.1%. Vacuum-assisted percutaneous biopsy is a very accurate technique for NPLs which are not detectable by US. It can replace approximately 90% of DSB with no important complications, avoiding scars and providing a higher level of comfort.

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The management of nonpalpable, well-defined breast nodules by short-interval, 6-month follow-up mammography is widely accepted. We have, however, been managing these type of lesions with fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), guided by sonography or stereotaxic approach, in order to reduce the number of follow-up mammograms. We recommended surgical biopsy only in cases with malignant or suspicious cytology. Patients with benign cytology or inadequate sample were included in a 12-month-interval mammography surveillance program. In the series we present, two carcinomas were diagnosed among 145 lesions (1.38 %). Both had shown malignancy in FNAB. Another two cases, suspicious of malignancy in FNAB, finally resulted benign in histology. The remaining 141 nodules, monitored for at least 2 years, or surgically removed at the patient's request, have not shown signs of malignancy, regardless of a diagnosis of either benign or inadequate sample in FNAB. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of FNAB have therefore been 100 % in this series. No notable differences were observed between stereotaxic and sonographic guidance, except the percentage of inadequate samples (20.3 % by sonography; 25.9 % by stereotaxic sampling). We conclude that stereotaxic or sonographic FNAB is a very accurate diagnostic method in lesions of this type, allowing long-interval surveillance of the nodules with nonsuspicious cytological results.

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Five patients with isolated superior mesenteric vein thrombosis were diagnosed by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). The presence of echogenic material within the venous lumen was identified in all patients on sonography. A significant venous enlargement was sonographically observed in 1 patient with tumoral thrombosis. A sharply defined vascular wall with a rim of increased density and a central area of low attenuation was observed in 3 of 5 patients on CT. None of our patients developed bowel infarction secondary to venous occlusion and a conservative management was established in all.

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The authors report one case of perianal rhabdomyosarcoma observed in a 12-month old girl with neurofibromatosis. The way in which both entities can be related is discussed, and the management of the patient is described.

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