RESUMEN
Interferometric techniques combined with phase shifting allow computation of the phase that is linked to the displacement of the object under study. The phases before and after displacement are computed from three or more interferograms (called specklegrams when speckle is used as the information carrier). Subtraction of these two phase patterns leads to a raw phase map. Phase unwrapping restores the 2π discontinuities and gives a continuous phase map. The disk-growing algorithm presented allows the inner and the outer propagation of the unwrapping from a growing disk and so avoids the main problem of anisotropic error propagation for noisy phase maps. It works successfully in speckle interferometry.
RESUMEN
We present results of the application of a three-dimensional rigorous-vector coupled-wave theory to the design of polarizing holographic optical elements. Two different cases have been selected giving rise to two types of element, one of which is completely original. Experimental realizations were performed. The recording material was dichromated gelatin because of its outstanding performance related to diffraction efficiency. A fair agreement between the theoretical previsions and the experimental results was achieved.
RESUMEN
We present a methodology for analyzing the characteristics of a photosensitive material for holography. When two Gaussian beams of equal intensities are exactly superimposed on the recording material, the modulation of the interference pattern is equal to unity. When they are no longer exactly superimposed, this modulation varies from one to zero depending on the analyzed point. On the other hand, the modulation is constant in a direction that is perpendicular to the incident plane. Therefore it is possible to consider a complete analysis (point by point) of only one holographic grating to measure the diffraction efficiency eta at a given modulation versus exposure or for varying modulation (or beam ratio K) for a given exposure. We present the results that are obtained with an experimental setup that was devised for that purpose. From these measurements it was possible to extract various parameters such as refractive-index modulation of the photosensitive support. The tested recording materials consist of film of dichromated gelatin and films of dichromate polyvinyl alcohol.