RESUMEN
Objective: Teachers' instructional ability is an important guarantee for the quality of instruction. With the continuous enrichment of the content of medical education, there arises an urgent need to strengthen theoretical research on the instructional competence of teachers of clinical courses. Methods: Based on the grounded theory approach, we explored the constituent elements of clinical teachers' instructional competence through conducting in-depth interviews with 16 outstanding clinical medical teachers. Results: By progressively encoding the original sentences, 97 codes, 33 concepts, and 11 categories were obtained, and ultimately 5 main categories of teaching competence of clinical teachers were derived-motivation, knowledge, ability, personal character, and development. Conclusion: Instructional competence is the continuous accumulation of knowledge and ability, as driven by development and supported by strong motivation and personal character. Improvements in instructional competence require not only the efforts by teachers themselves, but also a wide variety of institutional and policy support.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Clínica , EnseñanzaRESUMEN
With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and associated technologies such as next-generation sequencing, cellular immunotherapy has recently become the fourth major cancer treatment. Immunotherapies based on T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells play key roles in cancer immunotherapy. However, their application in clinical practice raises several ethical issues. Thus, studies should focus on proper adherence to basic ethical principles that can effectively guide and solve related clinical problems in the course of treatment, improve treatment effects, and protect the rights and interests of patients. In this review, we discuss cellular immunotherapy-related ethical issues and highlight the ethical practices and current status of cellular immunotherapy in China. These considerations may supplement existing ethical standards in cancer immunotherapy.